共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
RNA干扰技术在动物抗病育种中的应用前景 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
动物疾病尤其是病毒性疾病一直是畜牧业亟待解决的问题,随着转基因技术的出现,生产遗传修饰动物来抵抗特定传染病的策略备受关注。从长远利益来看,这种基因工程动物从遗传本质上提高了畜禽的抗病能力。转基因抗病育种在未来可能成为减少动物传染性疾病的最有前途的方法之一。RNA干扰是双链RNA特异性诱导同源基因表达沉默的现象。研究证实,RNA干扰在细胞水平,小鼠模型以及动物个体的抗病毒效果是非常明显的,RNA干扰技术作为抗病毒策略为生产抗病转基因动物提供了光明的应用前景。RNA干扰技术介导的抗病转基因动物的研究相继取得了阶段性进展,抗疯牛病转基因羊和牛以及抗内源性逆转录病毒猪已经成功获得,虽然目前获得的转基因动物类型有限,但为继续生产抗病转基因家畜提供了有效的参考和依据。 相似文献
2.
3.
RNA干扰技术在蜱研究中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
蜱是仅次于蚊子的第二大疾病传播媒介,分布广泛,对人和动物的健康危害严重。RNA干扰技术已经成功应用于新秀丽小杆线虫、黑腹果蝇、真菌及哺乳动物等方面的研究。本文就蜱体内RNA干扰的机理,RNA干扰方法以及在鉴定蜱基因功能、疫苗抗原筛选以及蜱与蜱传病原体的相互作用研究上的应用进行综述分析,探讨存在的问题和进一步应用前景。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
RNA干扰及其抗口蹄疫病毒复制的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是指由双链RNA(double strand RNA,dsRNA)介导的序列特异性RNA降解作用。已经证明,在植物和昆虫细胞中RNAi是其主要的抗病毒机制,但迄今为止,几乎没有发现哺乳动物细胞感染病毒后能自发诱导有效的抗病毒RNAi反应。为此,通过人工方法在哺乳动物细胞中建立有效的抗病毒RNAi便成了国内外学者孜孜探索的重要抗病毒策略之一。目前,RNAi的分子机制及其功能仍然有待更加深入地研究与阐明,但它作为一种反向遗传学手段已经在基因组结构与功能研究中得到广泛运用,不仅在抗多种哺乳动物病毒的研究方面取得了令人振奋的结果,而且已作为一种治疗策略运用于人类抵抗重大遗传性和病毒性疾病的研究当中。笔者对RNAi的分子机制,及其抗口蹄疫病毒复制的相关研究进展作了有关介绍。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
13.
14.
本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
15.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
19.
20.
以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献