豆皮蛋糕的研制

[目的]寻求豆皮蛋糕的最佳配方。[方法]选取了豆皮粉、鸡蛋、面粉、糖四因素,每因素三水平,通过预试验、正交试验确定最佳配比。探讨了豆皮不同粉碎度、泡打粉、蛋糕油、水的用量、焙烤温度及焙烤时间对蛋糕品质的影响。[结果]豆皮蛋糕的最佳工艺配方为：豆皮粉50g,鸡蛋300g,面粉200g、糖80g,豆皮粉的粉碎度为100目,泡打粉1.0%,蛋糕油12g,水50g,焙烤温度175℃,焙烤时间20min。[结论]该研究增加了豆皮的利用率,改善了蛋糕的品质。     

Forebrain temperature activates behavioral thermoregulatory response in arctic sculpins

Arctic sculpins of the genus Myoxocephalus adapted to water at 5 degrees C escaped from warm water at 20 degrees , 16 degrees , and 12 degrees C when their deep-body temperatures increased from an initial 5 degrees C to about 8 degrees C. Heating parts of the forebrain with water at 25 degrees C circulating through a pair of thermodes astraddle rostral parts of the forebrain shortened the time spent in the warm water and lessened the incease in deep-body temperature before exit from the warm water. Cooling the forebrain to about -1 degrees C caused a large increase in the body temperature and sometimes suppressed the escape from the warm water.     

徐州市尾水导流及农业灌溉工程生态风险分析

徐州市尾水导流及农业灌溉工程投资大,涉及的区域广,影响因子多而复杂,势必对沿线的生态环境产生长远的影响。利用生态风险分析的基本原理和方法,研究了导流工程生态风险受体,并且对导流河渠水环境、尾水农业灌溉等进行了深入的生态风险分析。研究表明,导流线路占用原有河道,尾水流域面积扩大,尾水中部分内分泌干扰物等污染物可能会对流域水环境产生长期的潜在危害;尾水沿途用于农业灌溉,可能会对灌区土壤生态系统、地下水等造成不同程度的影响。     

水分胁迫与小麦产量性状及籽粒容重的关联度研究

本研究利用相关性分析及灰色关联度分析法,对10个小麦新品种的产量、容重等7个主要性状进行了分析,结果表明：相关性分析结果显示小麦产量性状及容重受水分的影响不同的性状表现不同幅度的减小,灰色关联度结果表明水旱地条件下各性状对单株产量及容重的关联度大小并不一致,各性状对单株产量及容重的关联度大小不同。在沧州地区选择小麦品种时品种的分蘖力和成穗率是首要考虑的条件,穗粒数也要兼顾考虑,小麦籽粒产量及小麦籽粒容重是比较复杂的综合性状,由许多因素相互结合、互相作用。因此,应用灰色关联度分析方法评价性状间的影响程度是客观可行的,可用于今后的育种实践中。     

Steelhead migration: potential temperature effects as indicated by gill adenosine triphosphatase activities

Yearling steelhead trout held in fresh water at cold temperatures (6.5 degrees or 10 degrees C) showed an increase in gill microsomal Na(+), K(+)-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activity during parr-smolt transformation, whereas trout held in warm water (15 degrees or 20 degrees C) did not. Adenosine triphosphatase activity increased and other indications of transformation were observed in fish transferred from warm to cold water, whereas the reverse occurred on transfer from cold to warm water.     

中国水稻生产环境与条件因子对产量的影响研究——湖南、浙江、黑龙江三省1540农户实证调查

中国水稻生产地域分布广,生产环境与条件因素差异大,农户年度水稻生产规模、生产投入、生产环境与条件及国家的水稻政策也发生着不同的变化。2015年,对湖南、浙江、黑龙江三省的1 540农户进行了调研,比较了不同年度间各生产因素的变动差异,研究水稻生产环境与条件因子对水稻产量的影响,更好地发现水稻生产内在的影响性质与影响程度。通过比较发现:水稻生产的主要因素呈现出不同程度的变动特征;水稻产量与是否种植超级稻品种、水稻生产环境、水稻生产条件等各因素存在着显著的相关关系,在影响水稻产量因素中,在P0.01水平下,稻农对水稻品种的满意度、农民是否种植超级稻品种、农民对水稻政策与措施的满意度3因素与水稻产量呈现显著的相关关系,在P0.     

Vitrification temperature of water

The vitrification temperature (T(g)) of water is an elusive quantity because of the great difficulty in supercooling water sufficiently without initiating its crystallization. Water depresses the vitrification temperature of glycerol (184 degrees K) monotonously, and this property has been used for derivation of an estimate of its T(g). The result, 127 degrees +/- 4 degrees K (-146 degrees +/- 4 degrees C), is the temperature below which water presumably exists as a brittle, glassy substance.     

喀斯特地区不同程度石漠化综合治理的小气候效应

对贵州省北盘江中游花江峡谷段喀斯特高原峡谷中-强度石漠化治理示范区15个样地2012年的小气候特征进行监测,运用空间代替时间方法分析石漠化恢复过程中环境因子的变化.结果表明:不同等级石漠化各小气候因子及土壤水热状况均有不同程度差异,小气候质量最好的是无石漠化环境;随着石漠化程度加深,多数环境因子质量并非直线下降,而是出现一个先退化后改善的过程;潜在、轻度石漠化受人为干扰最多,小气候质量不高且不同季节表现紊乱;部分强、中度石漠化环境因多年的石漠化综合治理及较少的人为干扰,小气候效应开始凸显,整体生境朝着良性有序方向发展.     

徐州市粮食生产影响因素的定量研究

采用因子分析方法定量分析了建国以来徐州市粮食生产主要因素的影响程度。从主要影响因素来看,徐州市粮食生产可分为1949~1984年单产提高与机械化共同推进阶段,1984~1999年农业资金投入和水利化共同推进阶段,1999~2005年粮播面积与粮食单产共同推进阶段。在此基础上,总结出各要素的"集体效应"是粮食产量提高的关键,并认为适度扩大粮食播种面积、提高粮食单产、提升农业水利化、机械化水平、增加农业投入等是徐州粮食生产的发展趋势。     

林分结构与水源涵养功能耦合关系研究——以北京八达岭林场为例

利用2004年北京市八达岭林场的森林资源二类调查数据,选取了林分起源、乔木平均高、郁闭度等14个林分结构因子,通过因子分析的方法,研究了林分结构因子与森林水源涵养功能之间的关系,建立林分结构与功能耦合关系的模型,并根据模型的计算结果,对研究地区各小班进行了综合分析。结果表明,阔叶林小班的水源涵养功能优于针叶林小班,天然林小班优于人工林小班,水源涵养功能较好的小班多具有以下结构特征:天然起源、阔叶林或者混交林,植被总盖度＞75%,林分郁闭度在0.5~0.8,林层结构为复层林,林龄为中龄林及以上。     

Temperature regulation of bacterial activity during the spring bloom in newfoundland coastal waters

While the spring phytoplankton bloom in Newfoundland coastal waters is in progress during April and May, at water temperatures between -1 degrees and +2 degrees C, bacterial growth and respiratory rates remain low. Microbial community respiration is not measurable at -0.2 degrees C. Particulate materials that would be utilized by microorganisms in 2 to 3 days at 20 degrees to 25 degrees C require 11 days at 4 degrees C and 18 days at -0.2 degrees C. Thus, photosynthesis is active but microbial utilization of the products is suppressed. High secondary production in cold water may result from the low rate of microbial decomposition, enabling herbivores to utilize much of the primary production.     

红壤地区土壤母质发育程度对红壤持水供水特性的影响

对同一种土壤母质(玄武岩)的红粘土和棕泥土的持水和供水能力进行了分析研究；结果表明红粘土和棕泥土由于风化和淋溶程度不同对土壤质地产生了深刻的影响，进而对土壤的持水供水特性产生明显影响，这种影响要明显大于同一种土壤如棕泥土或红粘土由于利用方式和耕作制度不同所引起的土壤持水能力的差异。     

Liquid water in frozen tissue: study by nuclear magnetic resonance

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to examine the behavior and extent of liquid water in postrigor-frozen tissue of cod at temperatures below 0 degrees C. A liquid-water phase persists in the tissue down to about -70 degrees C; the extent of the phase decreases rapidly between 0 degrees and -10 degrees C and slowly at lower temperatures. That the NMR absorption peak of the liquid water increases in width, with decreasing temperature, suggests loss of mobility or structuring of the phase. A technique for introducing geometrically uniform cores of muscle into the probe of the high-resolution spectrometer permits quantitative determinations of liquid water.     

Helium isotope effect in solution in water and seawater

The isotope effect in the solution of helium in water from 0 degrees to 40 degrees C has been determined by microgasometric measurements of the solubilities of pure helium-3 and helium4. At 0 degrees C helium-3 is less soluble than helium-4 in both distilled water and sea-water by 1.2 percent. The observed fractionation factor is 0.988+/-0.002 at 0 degrees C and appears to decrease with increasing temperature at the rate of 0.0001 per degree Centigrade, although the existence of this trend is of limited statistical certainty. The measured isotope effect is in agreement with the ratio of helium-3 to helium-4 in surface ocean water reported by Clarke, Beg, and Craig.     

扶芳藤水分胁迫适应性研究

本文在0(对照CK)、5、15和25PEG-6000模拟水分胁迫下研究了不同水分胁迫处理下扶芳藤光合和其他生理指标.结果表明,各处理光合速率显著下降,而水分利用效率比对照均有所提高.各处理的扶芳藤光合速率和水分利用效率都呈明显的双峰曲线,这与扶芳藤特性和环境因子的日进程密切相关.综合各处理光合与其他生理指标,25PEG处理,第3天,扶芳藤植株受到水分胁迫影响较大,致使其生理机能受到伤害,而5PEG、15PEG处理至第5天仍表现出对干旱的适应.     

岩滩水库浮游植物多样性与环境因子的灰色关联性分析

对4种不同类型水域(江栋、巴龙岛、上音屯、汉达)进行周年(2012年2月至2013年3月)采样监测,并对浮游植物多样性(H)与环境因子进行序列间的灰色关联分析,探究影响岩滩水库浮游植物多样性的主要环境因素及其影响的强弱。结果表明,岩滩水库(各监测水域)浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)介于1.39~3.17之间,其水平变化表现为上音屯(围栏养殖区)>汉达(主河道非养殖区)>巴龙岛(网箱养鱼次密集区)>江栋(网箱养鱼密集区)。监测因子中,温度与水体浮游植物多样性的关联度最高、为0.774;其次为pH、CODMn和NO2-N,关联度分别为0.685、0.628和0.578;TP和BOD5对浮游植物群落结构的影响相对较小,关联度分别为0.498和0.354。相对密集的网箱养鱼使养殖区浮游植物特定种(属)类种群密度及生物量增大,而生物多样性水平(H)下降。     

不同摊放时间和杀青温度对夏季绿茶品质的影响

采用不同摊放时间(4、6、8、10h)、不同杀青温度(160、190、220℃)对信阳夏季茶树鲜叶进行绿茶加工试验,对所得绿茶的水分、茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱等化学成分及汤色、香气、滋味、叶底等感官指标进行了分析比较.结果表明,摊放6h,杀青190℃制得的夏茶品质较好.     

Water and carbon in rusty lunar rock 66095

Lunar rock 66095 contains a hydrated iron oxide and has an unusual amount of water for a lunar rock (140 to 750 parts per million), 90 percent of which is released below 690 degrees C. The deltaof water released at these low temperatures varies from -75 to -140 per mil relative to standard mean ocean water (SMOW). The small amount of water released between 690 degrees and 1300 degrees C has a delta of about -175 +/-25 per mil SMOW. These delta values are not unusual for terrestrial water. The delta(18)O of water extracted from 110 degrees to 400 degrees C has a value of +5+/- I per mil SMOW, similar to the value for lunar silicates from rock 66095 and different from the value of -4 to -22 per mil found for samples of terrestrial rust including samples of rusted meteoritic iron. The amount of carbon varies from 11 to 59 parts per million with a delta(13)C from -20 to -30 per mil relative to Pee Dee belemnite. Only very small amounts of reduced species (such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane) were found, in contrast to the analyses of other lunar rocks. Although it is possible that most of the water in the iron oxide (goethite) may be terrestrial in origin or may have exchanged with terrestrial water during sample return and handling, evidence presented herein suggests that this did not happen and that some lunar water may have a deltaD that is indistinguishable from that of terrestrial water.     

龙海市东园排污口与邻近海域环境质量评价

对位于九龙江下游的龙海市东园排污口进行环境因子质量调查,结果表明：排污口的污水影响了该海域的环境质量,导致海水中的无机氮、磷酸盐分别超过四类、三类海水水质标准,局部海域已达到富营养化水平,有部分化学物质还存在不同程度的污染．又根据污染物排海总量控制的实际需求,探讨了龙海市东园排污口与邻近海域环境影响的因素,特别是当今普遍关注的海水水质恶化、赤潮频发、生态系统失衡等海洋生态环境问题．     

Evolution of sea surface temperature in the somali basin during the southwest monsoon of 1979

Satellite and research vessel observations of sea surface temperature during the southwest monsoon of 1979 show the development of large wedge-shaped areas of cold water along the Somali coast at both 5 degrees and 10 degrees N during June and July. The cold water associated with the large northern and southern Somali eddy systems could be traced several hundred kilometers offshore. By late August the cold wedge at 5 degrees N translated northeastward as far as 10 degrees N at speeds of 15 to 30 centimeters per second, indicating a coalescence of the systems.