铅锌矿废弃地尾矿砂对银合欢幼苗定居的影响

研究了广东省仁化县韶关凡口铅锌矿废弃地尾矿砂对银合欢（Leucaena glauca)幼苗定居的影响。结果表明，尾矿砂各Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd等重金属含量极高，Pb、Zn比对照土壤高100倍左右，Cu、Cd高4－5倍，植物对重金属的吸收、积累量较大，且多集中于根部。尾矿砂中硝态氮（NO3^--N)和铵态氮（NH4^ -N)含量很低，仅为对照土壤的13％－23％。银合欢幼苗在尾矿砂中能生长，但其叶片光合色素含量较少，株高、复叶数、植株干物质量等生物量显著降低，这主要是由于重金属含量过高导致根系活力降低，限制了植物对水分和营养物质的吸收，其次是土壤贫瘠的影响。     

汉江上游汉中段河流表层沉积物重金属污染风险评价

通过监测汉江上游汉中段河流表层沉积物重金属Pb,Cu,Zn,Cd,Cr的浓度,分析了各元素的含量分布特征,并选用Hakanson生态风险指数法对研究区进行了环境风险评价。结果表明,汉江上游汉中段各监测点重金属富集顺序为:Cd >Zn >Pb >Cr >Cu。单个重金属的污染指数C_fⁱ显示,汉江上游汉中段监测点仅有Cu的含量均值为0.83,小于1,为轻微污染;Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr的均值分别为1.06,1.25,1.33,1.02,略大于等于1,处于轻微污染以上水平,达到中度污染水平。综合分析多项重金属污染系数C_d,单项重金属的潜在生态风险系数E_rⁱ和多种重金属的生态系统的潜在生态风险指数I_R可知,汉江上游汉中段各监测点沉积物重金属污染属于轻微生态危害。     

连续四年施用规模化猪场猪粪温室土壤重金属积累研究

分别采集连续施用0～4年猪粪的蔬菜温室土壤和蔬菜果实样品,测定土壤和果实中Cu、Zn、Pb、Mn、Cr、Cd、Ni和As全量以及土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Mn、Cd和As有效态含量,对测定数据进行了Fisher小样本非参数随机化显著水平检验,研究连续4年施用规模化猪场猪粪的温室土壤重金属积累、重金属有效态含量变化及对蔬菜可食部分的影响。结果表明,连续4年施用猪粪,主要导致土壤中Cu和Zn的积累,As有一定积累,Pb、Cd、Ni和Cr短期积累效应不明显,Mn积累不明显,长期大量施用猪粪,Pb、Cd、Ni和Cr有积累的风险;土壤pH值降低;Cu、Zn有效态与全量呈显著正相关(p<0.05),与pH值呈极显著负相关(p<0.01);Pb、Cd和Mn有效态与pH值呈显著负相关(p<0.05);Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Mn有效态含量增加;有效态As与全As含量和pH值相关性不明显,但连年施用猪粪As有效态含量增加;连续4年施用规模化猪场猪粪的温室生产的部分番茄和黄瓜As含量超标。若连续以150 m³/(hm²·a)的猪粪施用量于该研究区蔬菜温室,土壤中全Cu和全Zn含量分别经过10年和15年可能超过国家农田土壤二级标准。该研究可为降低温室土壤重金属污染风险提供依据。     

重金属污染土壤的植物修复研究Ⅰ.金属富集植物Brassica juncea对铜、锌、镉、铅污染的响应

用来修复污染土壤的理想植物应具有高的生物量并能忍耐和积累污染物。印度芥菜(Brassica juncea)能富集多种重金属且生物量较大。本文研究了Zn、Cd、Cu、Pb 4种重金属对印度芥菜生长的影响,特别是重金属对印度芥菜地上部生物量的影响。结果表明,在含Cu 250 mg/kg、Pb 500mg/kg或Zn 500mg/kg的污染土壤上,印度芥菜能够忍耐,正常生长。印度芥菜在含Cd 200 mg/kg的土壤上发生镉毒而出现失绿黄化症状,Cd与中等浓度的Zn、Cu、Pb共存时毒害更为严重。这种植物适合Cu、Zn、Pb中等污染土壤的修复。     

河北铅锌尾矿库区土壤重金属含量高光谱反演方法对比

为更好地研究利用光谱反映的土壤重金属信息，实现具有多重金属复合污染问题的铅锌矿区土壤重金属含量高光谱快速估测，该研究以河北省某铅锌矿区为例，首先对研究区土壤的Cu、Cr、Ni、Zn、Cd、Pb污染状况进行了评价分析，其次基于实验室高光谱数据，组合变换光谱、特征变量和反演算法形成不同反演策略，通过各反演策略下的重金属反演精度比较，定量分析不同光谱预处理、特征选择和建模算法的优劣与适应性，构建最优反演模型。研究结果表明：1）研究区土壤Cr、Ni清洁程度较好，其余Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb均有不同程度污染；参比当地土壤背景值，区域内梅罗综合污染指数均值29.7，为重度污染，潜在生态风险因子均值1330.3，处于高生态风险状态；2）光谱预处理可以增强土壤重金属信息表达。其中，光谱微分效果较好，但易受噪声影响，而多元散射校正、标准正态变量、倒数对数变换可以进行光谱去噪，提升处理效果；3）特征选择方法中，相关系数法选择特征波段数目多，不同重金属反演R² 差异较大；Boruta法选择特征波段数目少，不同重金属反演R² 差异较小；4）BPNN、XGBoost可以较好描述重金属含量与光谱的非线性关系，相较于其他算法具有更好表现，分别实现了Cr、Ni、Zn和Pb、Cd的最优反演，SVMR实现了Cu的最优反演。研究表明，不同的光谱预处理、特征选择与建模算法对于土壤重金属含量的反演均具有较大影响，选择合适的处理、建模算法可以有效提升反演精度。该研究为进一步实现高效、准确、大范围遥感监测铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染状况提供参考依据。     

贵州草海流域不同功能区土壤-植物系统重金属迁移与富集特征

以草海流域不同功能区土壤及优势植物为研究对象,对比研究草海流域不同功能区土壤与植物中As、Cd、Cu、Cr、Pb和Zn 6种重金属的污染程度及其在土壤-植物系统中的迁移、富集特征。结果表明:草海流域4个功能区受到Cd和Zn的污染较为严重,As为轻度污染,Cr、Cu、Pb和As各个功能区污染程度不同;不同植物体内重金属含量差异显著,同种植物不同部位重金属规律为:根茎叶;7种优势植物中迁移特征和富集系数差别较大,只有狐尾藻对重金属Cu的富集系数大于1,其余植物对6种重金属的富集系数均小于1,可将狐尾藻作为草海流域典型的重金属耐性先锋植物;植物Cr和土壤Cr成极显著正相关,植物Zn和土壤Zn成显著正相关,植物Cd和土壤Zn成极显著正相关。     

生物炭对铜矿区污染土壤微生物活性及香根草富集铜、镉、铅的影响

矿区土壤易发生重金属污染,是土地资源利用和维护的一大难题。以铜矿区污染土壤为研究对象,按质量比添加0,1%,2%,4%,10% (w/w)的生物炭,进行香根草室内盆栽试验。研究添加生物炭对土壤pH和微生物活性、香根草富集与转运重金属的影响,探明重金属形态含量与生物炭、微生物活性的相关性,旨在为生物炭与香根草联合修复矿区重金属污染土壤提供理论参考。结果表明:生物炭的添加能提高土壤pH,显著提高土壤FDA水解酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性,显著促进土壤基础呼吸,但对土壤微生物量碳无显著影响;生物炭的添加使香根草生物量显著增大,降低土壤Cu和Pb的有效态占比,Cd的变化与此相反;添加生物炭促进香根草对Cd和Pb的富集,降低香根草对Cu的富集,减少Cu、Cd和Pb在香根草体内的转运,因此香根草可作为Cu、Cd和Pb的稳定化植物。土壤蔗糖酶活性与香根草叶片Cu、Cd和Pb含量、有效态和残渣态Cu含量呈显著正相关,土壤基础呼吸与叶片Cu、Cd和Pb含量、有效态Cu、Pb含量呈显著负相关,而与有效态Cd含量呈显著正相关。总之,生物炭可减弱矿区土壤重金属对香根草生长的毒害作用,并促进香根草对重金属的富集,两者结合可改善铜矿区污染土壤的理化性质和微生物活性,有利于重金属污染土壤修复,改善土壤质量。     

煤矸石山优势植物对重金属吸收及富集特征

对六盘水市某煤矿煤矸石山14种优势植物根际土壤污染状况以及对重金属吸收与富集特征进行研究。结果表明:煤矸石风化土壤中重金属Zn、Cu、Cd和Pb有明显积累,Cd的污染最为严重。对各种植物体内的重金属含量分析发现,地上部分中Cu、Pb含量最高的植物为假酸浆,分别为46.79,12.56mg/kg;Zn含量最高的植物是酸模叶蓼,为60.97mg/kg;Cd含量最高的植物是龙葵,为1.84mg/kg。对转移系数和富集系数分析发现,鬼针草、千里光、龙葵、醉鱼草艾蒿和野棉花对Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb具有较强转移能力;假酸浆的地上部分对Cd的富集系数最高,为1.28;假酸浆的地下部分对重金属Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb的富集系数也较高,分别为1.83,0.90,3.20,1.96。因此,假酸浆可作为煤矸石风化土植被恢复的植物,同时也可用于重金属污染土壤的修复植物。     

大宝山矿区农田土壤重金属污染及其植物累积特征

对金属矿山选冶活动影响的农田土壤,不同灌溉水源会影响重金属的分布累积特征。根据实际情况将大宝山矿区农田土壤分为污水灌溉区、清水灌溉区、自然修复区和对照区,并进行土壤和植物样品采集,调查研究了土壤的基本理化性质,Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Mn 5种重金属的含量和化学形态分布,以及不同区域植物中重金属的含量。结果表明:污灌区Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn的含量最高,是自然修复区和清水灌溉区的1.75倍~10.51倍,对照区最低;Mn在各采样点的含量无显著差别。土壤Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb含量两两之间显著正相关,Mn与Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb呈负相关关系;土壤pH与重金属环境有效态关系密切。残渣态是5种重金属的主要存在形态,有机态含量也较高;Cd的环境有效态含量占总量的比例是其他4种重金属的2倍左右。稻米中5种重金属在清水灌溉区的含量均比污水灌溉区低,其中Cu和Zn的含量在两区域均未超标(NY861-2004),而Pb和Cd的含量严重超标。重金属在自然修复区和清水灌溉区呈现较低的土壤污染和人体健康风险,该研究数据可为金属矿区土壤污染控制提供科学的依据。     

黄河三角洲芦苇湿地不同水期土壤-植被重金属分布特征

ICP-AES法研究了黄河三角洲湿地平水期(4月)、丰水期(8月)和枯水期(10月)土壤和植被重金属(Hg,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd和Cr)含量分布特征,并分析了土壤和植被重金属含量的关系。结果表明:(1)黄河三角洲芦苇湿地表土和底泥Hg,Cu,Zn平均含量变化呈递减趋势,依次表现出:平水期丰水期枯水期,不同时期土壤重金属Hg,Cu,Zn含量均表现为表土底泥;黄河三角洲芦苇湿地表土和底泥Pb,Cd和Cr平均含量变化呈递增趋势,依次表现出:枯水期丰水期平水期,并且不同时期土壤重金属Pb,Cd和Cr含量均表现为底泥表土,局部有所波动,综合分析可知,黄河三角洲芦苇湿地平水期的Hg,Cu,Zn污染最严重,枯水期Pb,Cd和Cr污染最严重;(2)黄河三角洲芦苇湿地表土重金属Hg,Cu,Zn含量高于底泥,表土重金属Pb,Cd和Cr含量低于底泥;(3)黄河三角洲芦苇湿地植被重金属Hg,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd和Cr含量均显著高于土壤(p0.05),说明植被的吸收作用在土壤重金属污染中起着关键作用;(4)主成分分析表明黄河三角洲芦苇湿地土壤中Hg和Zn含量、植被中Pb和Cd的含量变化是黄河三角洲芦苇湿地的重金属污染主要影响因子;相关性分析表明,植被体内的重金属含量主要来自和依赖于土壤重金属含量,同时植被对于土壤各重金属的吸收也保持一定的独立性。     

4种改良剂对铅锌尾矿污染土壤中光叶紫花苕生长及重金属吸收特性的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了铅锌尾矿污染土壤中施用有机肥、石灰、蛭石和白云石等4种改良剂对光叶紫花苕生长发育、叶绿素及重金属Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn积累特性的影响,并分析了施用改良剂后土壤pH和有效态重金属含量的变化。结果表明,与对照相比,不同改良剂及其不同施用水平均能不同程度地提高土壤pH,显著降低土壤各重金属有效态含量,并显著抑制了Cd、Pb向光叶紫花苕地上部转移,降低了重金属在光叶紫花苕植株地上部的积累,改善了光叶紫花苕的生长和发育,光叶紫花苕株高、地上部鲜重和地下部鲜重、叶绿素含量均有不同程度增加,其中株高和地上部鲜重增加达到显著水平。4种改良剂的不同处理水平对光叶紫花苕地下部重金属含量影响均达显著水平。     

Beneficial effects of earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on establishment of leguminous trees on Pb/Zn mine tailings

Planting trees to stabilize metalliferous mine tailings is a widely used form of land reclamation although substantial soil amendment is invariably required, both to improve the physico-chemical status of the tailings and to ameliorate toxicity prior to planting. Here, we report a glasshouse study of the combined effects of burrowing earthworms (Pheretima guillelmi) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus spp., AMF) on establishment of a naturally invasive, woody, nitrogen-fixing legume, Leucaena leucocephala, on topsoil-amended Pb/Zn mine tailings. AMF provided the most effective preliminary inoculant, improving N, P and K uptake, but earthworms had more influence improving N nutrition. In most cases, the combined effects of AMF and earthworms were additive and proved to be beneficial to plant growth, plant nutrition and for protection against uptake of toxic metals. AMF influenced metal uptake more than earthworms, but together they reduced mobility of Pb and Zn in soil by as much as 25%. Some minor but significant negative interactions were also evident; for example, earthworms enhanced soil microbial activity but inhibited the beneficial effects of AMF on N₂-fixation. We argue that increased attention to ecological interactions in soil could reduce costs and improve the efficacy of restoring a vegetation cover to land impacted by contaminated spoils.     

污泥改良锰矿尾渣对4种花卉植物生长及其富集重金属的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了污泥改良锰矿尾渣对紫茉莉（Mirabills jdapa）、青葙（Celosia argentea）、一串红（Salviasplendens）和鸡冠花（Celosia cristata）4种花卉植物生长及其富集铅、镉、锌和锰的影响。结果表明,添加污泥增加基质的EC值、总氮、总磷、总钾和有机质含量,而降低铅、镉、锌和锰含量。紫茉莉与青葙生物量、株高和根长大于一串红和鸡冠花。紫茉莉根部铅、镉和锰含量分别为3110．93～4189．16、300．28～399．16和31100．93～36809．77mg·kg-1,都远高于其地上部分含量。青葙根部铅含量超过1000mg·kg-1,而其地上部分含量少;其地上部分镉和锰含量分别为322．13～441．88和21888．54～26511．31mg·kg-1,都大于其根部含量,青葙具有镉和锰超富集植物的特性。污泥改良锰矿尾渣促进这4种花卉植物生物量、株高和根长增加。除紫茉莉锌含量外,添加污泥改良锰矿尾渣增加这4种花卉植物的铅、镉、锌和锰含量。在锰矿尾渣污染区进行植物修复时,采用紫茉莉、青葙和添加污泥强化植物修复效率可行。     

尾矿库尾砂及周边农田土壤重金属形态分布及其生物有效性

采用BCR（community bureau of reference）连续提取法对大宝山矿山槽对坑尾矿库尾砂和周边农田土壤重金属Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的形态分布及其生物有效性进行了分析。结果表明,尾砂中Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn残渣态占绝对优势,占其总量的百分数均在85%以上。农田土壤中Cd、Cu和Zn都以残渣态为主,分别占其总量的60%、60%和90%以上,Pb以残渣态和可还原态为主,占其总量的93.44%。农田土壤重金属有效性较尾砂大,尾砂和农田土壤重金属生物有效性均以Pb为最高。     

Characterization of Heavy Metals and Sulphur Isotope in Water and Sediments of a Mine-Tailing Area Rich in Carbonate

Mine tailings can provide a long-term source of environmental contamination. Lead-zinc mine tailings can represent a source of toxic elements-Pb and Zn through mobilization into surface water, and then into downstream rivers. Previous studies have shown that migration of heavy metals can be mitigated by carbonate rock. This research investigates the characterization of heavy metals and sulphur isotope in a downstream river of the Shanshulin Pb-Zn mine, which is located in Guizhou province in China, a typical carbonate area in the world. A slight alkalinity (pH > 8) of the river water is maintained owing to the carbonate rich country rocks. The results of this study show that heavy metals in water can be strongly adsorbed by suspended solids and therefore decrease more quickly than in sediments. Pb and Zn contents in water close to the waste pile are 6780 μg L^-1 and 324 μg L^-1 (Pb and Zn in water not affected by mine waste piles are only 3.71 μg L^-1 and 11.6 μg L^-1), respectively, meaning that the water is severely contaminated by the pile. Thirty kilometers downstream Pb and Zn contents in water drop quickly to 3.15 μg L^-1 and 16.4 μg L^-1. In contrast, Pb and Zn contents in sediment close to the waste pile are 4553 mg kg^-1 and 7971 mg kg^-1, respectively, and are still high 30 km downstream with measurements of 3334 mg kg^-1 and 7268 mg kg^-1 , respectively (Pb and Zn contents in sediment not affected by mine waste piles are only 20 mg kg^-1 and 120 mg kg^-1). This indicates that the impact of tailings on the sediment can be much further than on water. In sediment, Pb exists mostly as carbonate and oxide fractions, Zn mostly as sulfide+organic fraction, and Cu mostly as sulfide+organic, residual and carbonate fractions. Sulphur characteristics indicate that sulphur in sediment originates from mine tailing, soil and suspended solids in other tributaries, whereas sulphur in water originates from mine tailing dissolution, spring water, rain water and dissolution of gypsum. In conclusion, the environmental impact of mine tailing can be indicated by heavy metals content, sulphur content and sulphur isotope of sediment. On the other hand, heavy metal content, sulphur content or sulphur isotope of water are possibly not good indicators for mine impact due to mitigation of carbonate rocks, sorption of heavy metals, as well as interference of gypsum layers.     

Effects of iron ore tailings on growth and physiological activities of Tagetes patula L.

Purpose

Ornamentals can beautify the environment and resolve heavy metal pollution at the same time. Thus, the present study aimed at studying the growth and physiological response of Tagetes patula on iron ore tailings.

Materials and methods

Pot-culture experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of iron ore tailings both individually as well as in combination with soil (at different proportions) on the growth, pigment production as well as accumulation and translocation of various heavy metals from the tailings.

Results and discussion

The results suggested an increase in growth, chlorophyll content, as well as metal accumulation capacity of T. patula with increasing proportion of tailings in the soil. Furthermore, an increase in antioxidant activities in plants grown on tailings as compared to control was observed which suggests plant efficiency to overcome any stress generated due to excess of heavy metals. The order of accumulation of various heavy metals in the plant parts was observed to be Fe?>?Cr?>?Zn?>?Cu?>?Pb?>?Ni?>?Cd. Both bioaccumulation and translocation values were maximum for Fe and minimum for Ni and Cd, respectively.

Conclusions

The overall study clearly suggests plant ability to grow well on the tailings and survive excess of heavy metals present in the tailings. Thus, the plant qualifies well as a potential tool for phytostabilization of iron ore tailings and probably a source of income generation from wasteland owing to its multiple commercial values.     

Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、As复合污染对杂交水稻苗的联合生理毒性效应及临界值

通过室内土培试验,研究了不同浓度的Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、As等5种重金属复合污染对水稻苗的联合生理毒性效应,并对其临界值进行了探讨。结果表明:5种重金属污染对水稻苗的联合生理毒性效应随其污染浓度的增加而显著增强,剂量—效应关系明显。除处理(1)外,其余各处理对水稻苗体的诸项生长指标的抑制均达到了极显著的程度(P<0.01),且对根长的抑制明显大于苗长。随着复合重金属污染浓度的增大,水稻苗叶片中叶绿素含量急剧减少;丙二醛(MDA)含量迅速增加;POD和SOD酶活性呈先升后降的变化趋势。铅锌尾矿和矿毒水污染对水稻苗生长和各项生理生化指标的影响也均达到了极显著程度,但在二者污染下,POD和SOD酶活性均高于对照,铅锌尾矿的毒性效应大于矿毒水。以酶活性为参考指标,可以将土壤环境质量二级标准上限值设定为土壤中Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、As等5种重金属对该水稻品种的临界毒性效应值。     

Heavy metal content and toxicity of mine and quarry soils

Purpose

Soils formed in metallic mines and serpentinite quarries, among other unfavourable features, have high levels of heavy metals. They can release into the environment causing surface and subsurface water contamination, uptake by plants, their accumulation in the food chain and adverse effects on living organisms. In this work, we studied the magnitude of the soils’ toxic effects not only on spontaneous plants but also on two species with phytoremediation potential.

Materials and methods

Several soils from two different exploitations were selected: a lead and zinc mine and a serpentinite quarry. Soils were characterized, and the pseudo-total and extractable contents of Co, Cr and Ni in soils from a serpentinite quarry were determined. The Cd, Pb and Zn pseudo-total and extractable contents were determined in soils developed in the Pb/Zn abandoned mine. Using a biotest, the chronic toxicity of the soil samples on higher plants was determined. Festuca ovina L., Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link., Sinapis alba L. and Brassica juncea L. were selected, the first two because they are spontaneous plants in the study areas and the last two because they have heavy metal phytoremediation potential.

Results and discussion

Pseudo-total contents of Co, Cr and Ni in the serpentinite quarry soils and of Zn, Pb and Cd in the Zn/Pb mine soils exceed generic reference levels. CaCl₂ is the reactant that extracts the highest proportion of Co, Cr and Ni in the quarry soils and EDTA the largest proportion of Pb Zn and Cd content in the mine soils. The germination index values based on seed germination and root elongation bioassays revealed increasing plant sensitivity to the mine soils in the following order: B. juncea?<?S. alba?<?F. ovina?<?C. scoparius. The wide range of GI values indicates that the response of test plants to soil heavy metals depended on their concentrations and soil characteristics, especially pH and organic matter content.

Conclusions

The pollution index indicates severe Cd, Pb and Zn contamination in the mine soils, as well as high Cr and Ni and moderate Co contamination in the serpentinite quarry soils. The performed biotests were suitable for identifying toxic soils and showed that the studied soils are toxic to the spontaneous plants, more to C. scoparius than to F. ovina. They also indicate that the mine soils are more toxic than the quarry soils for both species.

     

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) grown in rare earth elements of mine tailings

Rare earth elements (REE) of mine tailings have caused various ecological and environmental problems. Revegetation is one of the most cost-effective ways to overcome these problems, but it is difficult for plants to survive in polluted tailings. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can provide biotic and abiotic stress tolerance to its host plant and has widely adopted for the revegetation of degraded ecosystems. However, little is known about whether AMF plays role in facilitating the revegetation of REE of mine tailings. The objective was to investigate the uptake of nutrients and REE when plants are inoculated with AMF. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted on the effects of Glomus mosseae and Glomus versiforme for the growth, nutritional status, and uptake of REE and heavy metals by maize (Zea mays L.) or sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) grown in REE of mine tailings. The results indicated that symbiotic associations were successfully established between AMF and the two plant species. G. versiforme was more effective than G. mosseae at promoting plant growth by significantly increasing the uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and decreasing carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry. The shoot and root dry weights of the two plant species were increased by 211–387% with G. versiforme inoculation. Maize and sorghum exhibited significant differences in the REE concentrations in response to the colonization by AMF. The shoot and root lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), and neodymium (Nd) concentrations of the maize inoculated with G. versiforme were decreased by approximately 70%, whereas those in the roots of sorghum were increased by approximately 70%. G. mosseae only significantly decreased the La, Ce, Pr, and Nd concentrations in the maize shoots. Inoculation with AMF also significantly decreased the concentration of certain heavy metals in the shoots and roots of maize and sorghum. These findings indicate that AMF can alleviate the effects of REE and heavy metal toxicity on plants and enhance the ability of plants to adapt to the composite adversity of REE in mine tailings.     

污泥有机肥改良铅锌尾矿对4种草本植物生长和重金属积累的影响

[目的]研究添加不同量的污泥有机肥对生长在铅锌尾矿中的黑麦草、白三叶、草木樨、沙打旺4种植物生长状况和对Pb,Zn,Cu,Cr,Cd累积的影响,以期为合理利用污泥有机肥改良、修复尾矿库提供理论依据。[方法]采用盆栽试验的方法。[结果]20g/kg处理水平下,4种植物株高、根长、地上鲜重、根鲜重均达到最大。施肥处理下,供试的4种植物叶绿素a+b含量均比对照高。随着改良剂含量的增加,黑麦草、白三叶丙二醛含量呈下降趋势。黑麦草、白三叶、草木樨体内Pb,Zn,Cd含量在10g/kg处理水平下达到最大,在20g/kg水平下降低。[结论]随着有机肥添加量的增加,重金属量向植物体内转移减少,有利于缓解重金属的毒害作用。