不同寄主植物对黄曲条跳甲的适合度及自然种群增长的影响

在田问对4种寄主植物上黄曲条跳甲的取食、产卵以及种群动态进行了系统调查。应用选择系数和嗜食性指数定量测定了4种寄主植物对黄曲条跳甲的适合度,以种群趋势指数综合评价了4种寄主植物对黄曲条跳甲自然种群增长的影响。结果表明,成虫趋向在芥菜、白菜和菜心上取食和产卵,且幼虫和蛹的存活率高,嗜食性指数和种群趋势指数均较大,是黄曲条跳甲的适宜寄主。在芥蓝上,黄曲条跳甲不仅产卵量少,而且幼虫的存活率很低,其嗜食性指数和种群趋势指数仅为1．937和0．78,是黄曲条跳甲的次适宜寄主。     

黄曲条跳甲对十字花科蔬菜的选择性

本文首次从产卵选择性和取食选择性两方面研究黄曲条跳甲对芥菜、萝卜、大白菜、山西白和芥蓝等5种十字花科蔬菜的寄主选择性.结果表明,黄曲条跳甲的产卵选择性与取食选择性基本一致,芥菜为其最嗜寄主,芥蓝为最不嗜寄主,两者差异显著(P<0.05).利用黄曲条跳甲在供试植株上的落虫量和取食面积来分析其取食选择性时,所得结果一致,且两者呈显著性正相关(r=0.9597,P<0.05).但该跳甲对不同寄主的子叶取食选择性与真叶取食选择性两者间表现不同.     

寄主植物对黄曲条跳甲抗性盯关酶生活费活性及其频率的影响

取食7种十字花科蔬菜的黄曲条跳甲成虫的酯酶(ESTs)、羧酸酯酶(CarE)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活性及其频率分布存在不同程度的差异.取食大白菜的黄曲条跳甲成虫的酯酶平均活性最高,其次为取食菜心和上海青的,取食萝卜的最低.取食大白菜的黄曲条跳甲成虫的羧酸酯酶平均活性最高,其次为取食萝卜和菜心的,最低的是取食甘蓝的.取食不同寄主的黄曲条跳甲成虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶平均活性高低顺序按寄主排列为:萝卜＞大白菜＞甘蓝＞上海青＞山西白＞黄花芥兰＞菜心.     

寄主植物对黄曲条跳甲抗性相关酶系活性及其频率的影响

取食7种十字花科蔬菜的黄曲条跳甲成虫的酯酶(ESTs)、羧酸酯酶(CarE)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活性及其频率分布存在不同程度的差异.取食大白菜的黄曲条跳甲成虫的酯酶平均活性最高,其次为取食菜心和上海青的,取食萝卜的最低.取食大白菜的黄曲条跳甲成虫的羧酸酯酶平均活性最高,其次为取食萝卜和菜心的,最低的是取食甘蓝的.取食不同寄主的黄曲条跳甲成虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶平均活性高低顺序按寄主排列为:萝卜>大白菜>甘蓝>上海青>山西白>黄花芥兰>菜心.     

不同防治方法对黄曲条跳甲的防效研究简

闽侯县黄曲条跳甲发生频繁,危害严重,已成为当地蔬菜生产的最主要虫害之一。研究评价3种不同的防治方法（黄板诱集、防虫网（40目）防护和土壤处理）对黄曲条跳甲的防治效果,以期为更好治理黄曲条跳甲提供依据。试验结果显示：3种方法对黄曲条跳甲均有一定的防治效果,黄板诱集法适合在黄曲条跳甲发生初期种群数量少时使用;而防虫网防护在黄曲条跳甲发生的各个时期防治效果均较好,但后期使用防治效果最好,达到91．73％;土壤处理的3种药剂中,4％杀螟丹颗粒剂30kg/hm^2处理防治效果最好,药后7d防效达到90.39％。     

寄主植物对黄曲条跳甲实验种群增长的影响

用５种寄主植物（萝卜、芥菜、白菜、菜心、芥蓝）饲养黄曲条跳甲（Ｐｈｙｌｌｏｔｒｅｔａ ｓｔｒｉｏｌａｔａ Ｆ．）,其幼虫、蛹的存活率以及成虫寿命和繁殖力因寄主植物不同表现出明显的差异,求出了一系列反映黄曲条跳甲实验种群增长的重要参数,应用种群控制指数（ⅡＰＣ）分析了５种寄主植物对黄曲条跳甲实验种群增长的影响。     

上海地区有机蔬菜上黄曲条跳甲的生物学特性及综合防治技术

黄曲条跳甲是上海地区有机蔬菜生产中的主要虫害之一,对十字花科绿叶蔬菜、甘蓝和根茎类蔬菜的危害呈逐年加重的趋势,对有机蔬菜的商品性造成较大影响。现在介绍黄曲条跳甲生物学特性的基础上,从物理防治、农业防治、生物防治等方面,总结了有机蔬菜上黄曲条跳甲的综合防治技术,以期有效控制黄曲条跳甲的危害。     

黄曲条跳甲田间药效试验初报

从化学防治黄曲条跳甲成虫的角度,选择20%啶虫.哒螨灵SP（可溶性粉剂）、10%阿维.哒螨灵EC（乳油）配方制剂在为害最为典型的菜心上进行黄曲条跳甲田间药效筛选试验。结果表明：药后5 d,3种药剂处理防治黄曲条跳甲均达到了极显著性差异（P〈0.01）,20%啶虫.哒螨灵SP（可溶性粉剂）处理和10%阿维.哒螨灵EC（乳...     

蔬菜害虫黄曲条跳甲综合防治研究进展

黄曲条跳甲是十字花科蔬菜的重要害虫.近年来,黄曲条跳甲在广东省危害发生较为严重.阐述了黄曲条跳甲的生物学、生态学特征,综述了近年来黄曲条跳甲的危害特点、预测预报模型及综合防治研究进展,并探讨了黄曲条跳甲防治新策略及今后研究的内容和重点.     

黄曲条跳甲发生与综合防治措施

黄曲条跳甲属鞘翅目、叶甲科害虫,简称跳甲,以危害十字花科蔬菜为主,也危害茄果类、瓜类、豆类蔬菜。黄曲条跳甲每年有春夏和秋冬季 两个为害高峰期,常由于秋冬季蔬菜较多,特别是十字花科菜较多,食料丰富．而且温湿度非常适宜。因而为害猖獗。近年来,我区黄曲条跳甲发生频率高,发生面积不断扩大。危害程度及其所造成的损失逐年加重,     

氮营养对褐飞虱在IR64稻株上取食和产卵行为的影响

研究了褐飞虱对不同含氮量的IR64稻株的取食和产卵选择性、寄主含氮量对褐飞虱种群选择性的影响以及在不同含氮量稻株上取食和产卵的空间分布.结果表明,无论褐飞虱饲养在高氮和低氮稻株上其雌成虫均显著偏爱在含氮量高的稻株上取食和产卵,而若虫对不同含氮量稻株的取食选择性无显著差异.随着稻株含氮量的下降褐飞虱取食和产卵的位置从叶鞘底部逐渐向上部转移,直至叶片中脉.在低氮稻株上若虫和成虫均偏向于较高的位置取食和产卵,而且不同的种群有明显差异.饲养在低氮稻株上的褐飞虱种群在低氮稻株上的取食频次最高,褐飞虱种群的取食频率与其前期饲养的寄主有关.     

黄曲条跳甲成虫空间分布型及抽样技术

对黄曲条跳甲成虫的空间分布型进行测定 ,结果表明 :黄曲条跳甲成虫在菜心上的空间分布格局为聚集分布 ,符合负二项分布和核心分布 ;聚集原因主要由环境因素 (食料等 )造成 ,也与自身特性有关 .文中还根据聚集度均数 (λ)的测定结果 ,组建了序贯抽样模型和最适理论抽样数模型     

不同寄主对光肩星天牛成虫消化酶的影响

为了解释光肩星天牛(A noplophora glabripennis Motschulsky)成虫寄主选择的生理生化机制,制定科学的综合管理措施,测定了取食复叶槭(Acer negundo)、漳河柳(Salix matsudana)、新疆杨(Populus alba)、白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis)的光肩星天牛消化道淀粉酶、果胶酶、胃蛋白酶和类胰蛋白酶活性.结果表明,取食复叶槭的光肩星天牛消化道的淀粉酶活性最高,取食白蜡的淀粉酶活性最低,取食复叶槭、漳河柳的淀粉酶活性显著高于取食新疆杨、白蜡的(P＜0.05).果胶酶和胃蛋白酶检测也得到了相同的结果.说明寄主对光肩星天牛成虫的淀粉酶、果胶酶和胃蛋白酶活性有明显影响.取食4种寄主的类胰蛋白酶活性差异不显著(P＞0.05),说明寄主植物对光肩星天牛类胰蛋白酶活性影响不大.     

寄主种类和阿维菌素对小菜蛾产卵选择行为的影响

通过田间笼罩试验,研究了小菜蛾对7种十字花科蔬菜的产卵选择性,以及喷施阿维菌素对小菜蛾产卵选择行为的影响．结果发现,其选择顺序为小白菜〉油菜〉芥菜〉萝卜〉菜心〉甘蓝〉花椰菜;喷施阿维菌素之后,小菜蛾对寄主的产卵选择性发生了变化,其在尽可能的躲避杀虫剂后才选择喜好的寄主植物．可见,寄主种类和阿维菌素共同影响小菜蛾的产卵选择行为．     

间种对黄曲条跳甲种群数量的影响

调查了作物之间的间种对黄曲条跳甲种群数量的影响。结果表明:白菜Brassicachinensis与葱Alliumfistulosum、菜心B.parachinesis与茄子Solanummelongena间作,能显著地减轻黄曲条跳甲对白菜、菜心的为害,间作田上的黄曲条跳甲成虫的发生数量与单种田相比减少明显。在白菜地上间作上芥菜B.juncea,白菜上成虫数量逐渐减少,芥菜上的虫量逐渐增加;在芥兰B.alboglabra地上间作萝卜Raphanussativus后,黄曲条跳甲成虫大都转移到萝卜为害,萝卜上的跳甲成虫数量高出芥兰的十倍甚至十几倍,使间作田上芥兰的黄曲条跳甲种群数量明显少于芥兰单种田,所设置的4种间作相隔距离(2m、4m、8m、15m)之间差异不显著,说明每隔约15m间种一行萝卜就能起到很好的诱集跳甲成虫效果。     

Performance of Three Adelphocoris spp.（Hemiptera： Miridae） on Flowering and Non-flowering Cotton and Alfalfa

The genus Adelphocoris（Hemiptera： Miridae） is a group of key insect pests in cotton fields in China that includes three dominant species： A. suturalis（Jakovlev）, A. lineolatus（Goeze） and A. fasciaticollis（Reuter）. Previous field surveys have found that adults of these Adelphocoris species usually move onto specific host plants when the plants enter the flowering stage. To determine the potential trade-offs for this host-plant preference behavior, the performance of these three Adelphocoris spp. on flowering and non-flowering cotton and alfalfa were compared in the laboratory. The results showed that Adelphocoris spp. had significantly higher nymphal developmental and survival rates, along with increased adult longevity and fecundity on flowering cotton and alfalfa than on non-flowering plants of either species. In addition, compared with cotton plants, alfalfa generally promoted better performance of these three Adelphocoris species, especially for A. lineolatus. Simple correlation analysis indicated that female adult longevity was positively correlated to male adult longevity and female fecundity, and female fecundity was positively correlated to nymphal development and survival rates. This study demonstrated a positive correlation between adult preference and offspring/adult performance for all three Adelphocoris species, with no evidence of any trade-offs for this preference for flowering host plants. These findings support the hypothesis that hemimetabolous insects such as mirid bugs have positive adult preference-adult/nymphal performance relationships, which is likely due to the similar feeding habits and nutritional requirements of adults and nymphs.     

3种粘虫幼虫对4种寄主植物的取食选择

[目的]探讨3种粘虫各龄幼虫对4种寄主植物的取食选择行为,为粘虫的预测预报及防治提供理论依据.[方法]采用叶碟改进法分别测试3种粘虫(东方粘虫、劳氏粘虫和淡脉粘虫)在4种寄主植物(玉米、水稻、甘蔗和稗草)上的取食选择性,分别于接虫后6和24 h记录幼虫对各植物的选择数量.[结果]3种粘虫各龄幼虫在接虫后6和24 h时对4种寄主植物的取食选择率均有变化.在24 h时,东方粘虫各龄幼虫对玉米的选择率均显著高于其他3种寄主植物(P<0.05,下同),其中1龄和2龄幼虫对玉米的选择率分别高达82%和89%;劳氏粘虫1~6龄幼虫偏好取食玉米,其中1龄、2龄和3龄幼虫对玉米的选择率均超过50%,分别为78%、70%和55%,显著高于对其他3种寄主植物的选择率;淡脉粘虫1~6龄幼虫均偏好取食水稻,其中2~4龄幼虫对玉米和水稻的选择率差异不显著(P>0.05).[结论]3种粘虫各龄幼虫对4种寄主植物的取食选择存在差异,3种粘虫对玉米和水稻的取食选择性强,对甘蔗和稗草的取食选择性较弱;东方粘虫和劳氏粘虫低龄幼虫喜食玉米,淡脉粘虫低龄幼虫嗜食水稻和玉米,高龄幼虫的取食选择性不如低龄幼虫明显.     

南京地区棉蚜寄主专化型及其成因研究

 研究了南京地区棉蚜在不同寄主间的适合度。结果表明 ,木槿上的干雌蚜和有翅蚜转接到棉花上能正常存活、繁殖后代和建立种群 ;转接到甜瓜上第一、二代存活率低 ,但能建立种群 ;而转接到黄瓜和西瓜上所产仔蚜仅能存活 1～ 4d ,不能延续后代建立种群。黄瓜和甜瓜上的棉蚜不能在棉花上建立种群 ;反之 ,棉花上的棉蚜也不能在黄瓜和甜瓜上建立种群。不同寄主上棉蚜的口针长度表现为棉花、黄瓜 >甜瓜、木槿 ,棉花和黄瓜上棉蚜不能相互转接不是由于棉蚜口针长度差异所致。木槿上棉蚜在棉花、黄瓜、西瓜和甜瓜上口针取食时的行为表现为 ,黄瓜上棉蚜口针难以达到韧皮部筛管吸取植株养分 ,而在棉花、西瓜和甜瓜上均可 ;在甜瓜上棉蚜吸取养分前可不分泌水溶性唾液直接吸食。研究初步得出南京地区棉蚜出现的黄瓜及棉花两种寄主专化型可能是冬寄主不同所致     

Ovipositional responses of Spodoptera frugiperda on host plants provide a basis for using Bt-transgenic maize as trap crop in China

Spodoptera frugiperda, the pest fall armyworm(FAW), is widespread in more than 100 countries. To date, planting insectresistant transgenic crops is one of the main control methods in its native countries. In this study we evaluated Bt-transgenic maize(Bt maize) and non-transgenic(conventional) maize and six other host plants in greenhouse pot experiments and field trials for oviposition preference by the Chinese populations of FAW. In laboratory trials, female moths preferred to oviposit on maize with no significant preference between conventional and Bt maize. However, after conventional and transgenic maize were exposed to FAW larvae and damaged, oviposition was significantly higher on transgenic maize than on the conventional one. Field trials showed that for plants less damaged at an early stage(seedling stage), oviposition of FAW on transgenic and conventional maize was significantly higher than that on wheat, sorghum, foxtail millet, peanut and soybean while showing no significant difference between transgenic or conventional maize. FAW adults mainly laid eggs on Bt maize, while the larval density and leaf damage rating or percentage of damaged plants were significantly lower than on conventional maize. Larval density and its damage on conventional maize were significantly higher than that on Bt maize and the other five hosts. Thus, maize is a highly preferred and suitable host for S. frugiperda feeding and ovipositing, and Bt maize can be used as trap crop to protect other crops.     

Studies on the Host Biotypes and Its Cause of Cotton Aphid in Nanjing, China

The fitness of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, on different host plants was studied. The results showed that the cotton aphid population in Nanjing formed host preference bio-types on cucumber and cotton. The aphids from cotton and cucumber could not inter-transplant successfully between the two host plants. The apterous and alate offspring of stem mother from hibiscus could not survive, reproduce and form population normally when they were transplanted to cucumber and water melon, but they could form normally when transplanted to cotton and muskmelon. There was no significant difference between the stylet length of cotton aphids from cucumber and cotton, so the stylet length was not the cause of the host preference. When the aphids originated on hibiscus were transplanted to cotton, water melon and muskmelon, the stylet could reach host phloem to absorb host plant‘s nutrients, but it couldn‘t when transplanted to cucumber. Cotton aphid can feed on muskmelon without secretion of water-soluble saliva. It could be concluded that the two host biotypes of cotton aphid came from different winter host plants.