甘薯小象甲的发生和检疫对策探讨

甘薯小象甲的发生和检疫对策探讨钟鹏飞（浙江省舟山市植物检疫站３１０００９）１甘薯小象甲的发生情况甘薯小象甲是为害甘薯、严重影响产量与品质的浙江省补充的植物检疫对象。１９６５年传入舟山市后，随着甘薯藤苗和薯块的调运而迅速传播蔓延。１９８１年普查：全市发...     

江西甘薯小象甲的发生与防治

甘薯小象甲在江西仅发生于石城及以南地区,一年4～5代,以成虫、幼虫、蛹在薯地遗株、枯叶、杂草、土缝、砖瓦碎片下以及窖藏薯块内越冬。越冬代成虫于3月底4月初开始活动,越冬代幼虫和蛹,于4月中、下旬陆续羽化。防治甘薯小象甲,主     

甘薯小象甲的发育、繁殖率及寿命

甘薯小象甲,Cylas formicariuselegantulus(Summers),系由西印度群岛传入美国的。它最先发现于路易斯安那州的新奥尔良市,后来传遍美国南部,无论在田间还是在贮藏室都是甘薯的头号害虫。1947年以来,在培育抗虫甘薯方面曾取得某些成就,但是关于此虫的基础生物学还所知甚少。本项研究旨在确定温度对小象甲的发育及寿命有哪些影响。同时也确定了交配和     

用性诱剂诱捕法大面积防治甘薯小象甲

用性诱剂诱捕法大面积防治甘薯小象甲多年来，甘薯小象甲一直是甘薯生产与储藏时期的重要害虫。它分布于山东、江苏、浙江、江西、湖南、福建、台湾、广东、广西、贵州、四川、云南等省，特别在东南沿海薯区危害尤为严重。许多地区几乎全年都有甘薯在田间生长，已成为小象...     

PTD-Cry3Aa原核融合表达产物对甘薯小象甲的活性研究

为探讨TAT PTD对苏云金杆菌鞘翅目特效基因CryAa是否具有协同作用,本试验在实现了融合基因TAT PTD-Cry3Aa大肠杆菌原核表达的基础上,以甘薯小象甲为生测对象测定了原核表达产物PTD-Cry3Aa与Cry3Aa的毒力。结果表明,用大肠杆菌表达的Cry3A和PTD-Cry3Aa包涵体初提物均对甘薯小象甲成虫和幼虫有杀虫活性,且表现出一定毒力增效作用,对成虫的增效倍数为2.01倍,对幼虫的增效作用更加明显,达到3.19倍。这一研究结果对于甘薯小象甲的生物防治研究以及转基因抗虫甘薯的研究具有重要的指导作用。     

γ射线对甘薯小象甲的不育研究

本文报导了用γ射线处理甘薯小象甲取得的研究结果.抑制卵和幼虫发育为50戈瑞.处理羽化前2～3天蛹,50戈瑞基本使其不育.70戈瑞以上则完全不育.成虫比蛹需要量更大.完全不育的成虫寿命是未处理的一半.50～70戈瑞不影响成虫交尾能力,100戈瑞对雄虫产生生殖机能障碍.     

防治甘薯小象甲田间药效初探

6种杀虫剂防治甘薯小象甲的田间药效,结果表明:0.042%溴氰·八角油微粒剂对甘薯小象甲防治效果最好,10%毒死蜱颗粒剂和3%辛硫磷颗粒剂防效次之,3种药剂处理后,甘薯收获时健康植株率分别为90%、83.33%、83.33%;薯块虫害指数分别为11.02%、13.01%、12. 72%,防效分别达69. 30%、63.76%、64. 64%;薯块在仓库存放41d后调查,薯块平均虫眼数分别为0. 15、0.80、0.55个,相对防效分别达98.55%、92.27%、94.69%;存放58d后调查,成虫基本已孵出,统计每个处理的成虫数量,相对防效分别达98. 14%、97.44%、97.67%。     

甘薯对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫趋化性的影响

由马铃薯腐烂茎线虫侵染造成的甘薯茎线虫病是一种严重影响甘薯产量和品质的病害。线虫向寄主根部移动及取食危害可能是受寄主释放的化感信息物质控制。为最终明确甘薯中对线虫具有高效引诱能力的物质,本研究利用水琼脂平板法测试了甘薯不同品种与不同组织对线虫的引诱作用。结果表明不同品种甘薯薯块和薯茎对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫引诱能力具有一定差异,感线虫品种栗子香的薯块对线虫的引诱率要高于其他测试品种。随着薯块/薯茎在水琼脂平板上放置时间延长,其吸引线虫的效果增加,96 h后引诱率达到20%。同一品种甘薯茎的引诱能力显著高于薯块、薯叶。甘薯中所含对线虫具引诱作用的活性物质对热稳定,80℃加热8 h后薯茎对线虫引诱率与新鲜茎相比无显著差异,为4.5%。甘薯茎经过不同有机溶剂分别萃取后,乙醇萃取物对线虫的引诱率为6.7%,显著高于其他萃取物。本文初步明确了甘薯中所含线虫趋化物的性质,为其开发应用奠定了基础。     

浙南地区甘薯小象甲药剂防治技术探讨

甘薯小象甲(Cyias formicarius Fab)是我国南方甘薯的重要检疫性害虫。七十年代初,采取冬净、春诱、夏治、秋管的综防措施,对压低危害、挽回损失起了一定作用。为进一步提高防治水平,作者总结提出如下发生特点与药剂防治措施:     

广西3种甘薯薯块真菌性病害的病原鉴定

从广西玉林、崇左、南宁等市田间及农贸市场采集表现不同症状的甘薯薯块,通过对病原菌的形态特征观察、柯赫氏法则验证及rDNA ITS基因的序列分析,发现采集的甘薯薯块病害样品中有甘薯软腐病、甘薯根腐病和甘薯干腐病,鉴定结果为进一步开展甘薯薯块病害的防治提供依据。     

Characteristics of infestation of sweet potato by sweet potato weevil Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Apionidae)

Studies were conducted to examine the characteristics of infestation of vines of sweet potato plants by the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (F.). The use of terminal tender vine cuttings, taken even from heavily weevil‐infested sweet potato, to grow a new crop and planting such a crop in plots surrounded by barriers to reduce weevil migration from the outside to the newly planted area, produced a practically weevil‐free crop. On the contrary, crop planted to old vine cuttings in an open field was severely damaged by the weevil. Consequently, crop planted using tender vine cuttings produced significantly more root yield than the one planted to old vine cuttings, irrespective of whether the planting was done in an open field or in an insect‐protected field. Sweet potato weevil infestation of 1‐ to 8‐week‐old plants increased significantly with plant age. The insect preferred sweet potato roots over sweet potato vines when both plant parts were available for infestation. Dipping the vine cuttings for 30 min in carbofuran solution prior to planting protected the newly planted sweet potato crop for up to 6 weeks after planting.     

Field trial on the effects of the herbicide MCPA on ixodid ticks

Abstract

Studies were conducted to develop a pheromone‐trap monitoring system for the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius), in sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., fields in four states: Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Texas. The present studies examined the attractiveness of sex pheromone synthesized by two sources (USDA and AgriSense) and pheromone of different purities (75–99%) to weevils in the field. In all but one trial, weevil counts did not differ between traps baited with pheromone from the two sources for each of two doses (10 and 100 μg). Percentages of weevils caught per replicate per sample date were not consistently positively correlated with purity (significant in four of 10 trials); however, slope estimates were steeper in regions with lower trap counts (North Carolina and Louisiana) than in those with higher trap counts (Florida). Because the pheromone will be used to monitor weevils In both weevil‐free and weevil‐infested regions, the use of pheromone with a purity level >99% is most appropriate. The importance of these data in pheromone‐trap monitoring programmes for this weevil worldwide is discussed.     

Insecticidal properties of benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid derivatives

A series of amides and esters of substituted benzo[b]furan-2-carboxylic acids have been synthesised, and their activity against adult sweet potato weevils, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summer) studied. The topical insecticidal potency of these compounds was compared in acetone solution and in a mixture of piperonyl butoxide (PB) and acetone (0·05+99·95 by volume). The compounds were much more active when administered in the acetone/PB mixture, and exhibited 48-h LD₅₀ values ranging from 1·7 to 26·6 μg per insect. The most active compound, 2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-ylcarbonyl)-6-methoxy-3-methylbenzofuran, was equiactive with technical grade dimethoate (in acetone/PB) on a weight basis. © 1998 SCI     

昆虫病原线虫对甘薯蚁象的致病力测定

昆虫病原线虫是隐蔽性害虫的有效生物防治因子,对8种斯氏线虫和3种异小杆线虫进行筛选证实夜蛾斯氏线虫Steinernema feltiae对甘薯蚁象Cylas formicarius的致病力最强;在此基础上进一步研究了11个不同地理来源的S.feltiae品系对甘薯蚁象末龄幼虫的致病力,获得强致病力的品系S.feltiae JY-17并测定了不同因素对该线虫品系致病力的影响。研究结果表明：在25℃条件下,甘薯蚁象不同发育阶段对S.feltiae JY-17的敏感性依次为末龄幼虫〉低龄幼虫〉蛹〉预蛹期〉成虫;在不同测试温度条件下,sfeltiae JY-17致病力由高到低顺序为25℃〉20℃〉30℃〉15℃〉10℃〉35℃;在25℃条件下,当寄主密度为196．6头·m^-2时,线虫对蚁象末龄幼虫的LD50=5．532条·头^-1,LD90=28．049条·头^-1;当线虫与寄主比例为5：1时,LT50=44．306h。本研究为利用昆虫病原线虫防治甘薯蚁象提供了理论依据。     

三种侵染百香果的马铃薯Y病毒属病毒外壳蛋白比较

<正>0 Introduction The family Potyviridae accounts for approximately 30%of know n plant viruses, infecting an extensive range of dicots and monocots and causing enormous damage in agriculture^[1]. The genus Potyvirus is the largest genus in this family and all members of the Potyvirus share similar common characteristics and a same genome organization. Virions of potyviruses are non-enveloped,flexuous,     

Acaricidal and insecticidal activities of three synthetic oxazolidinones

The effects of three synthetic 2-oxazolidinones were investigated on two arthropod pests: (1) Boophilus microplus (Canestrinii), the Southern cattle tick; and (2) Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summer), a sweet potato weevil.     

不同寄主植物青枯菌菌株的比较研究

 根据番茄、茄、马铃薯、花生、甘薯、姜、桑、油橄榄、木麻黄九种植物上22个青枯菌的菌株,进行形态、染色、生理生化反应、致病性等方面的比较研究的结果,证明它们都是属于青枯假单胞菌(Pseudomonas solanacearum Smith)。因此,以前报道的甘薯瘟的病原细菌Pseudomonas batatas Tseng and Fan,应改为Pseudomonas solanacearum Sncith,不同寄主青枯菌菌株,它们的有些生理生化反应有明显的差异,但更为明显的是它们的致病性不同。测定的7种寄主上的青枯菌菌株,根据它们对茄的致病力很强,番茄、茄、姜、花生、甘薯、油橄榄和木麻黄菌株可归入小种1;马铃薯菌株对马铃薯的致病力很强,而对茄、番茄和辣椒的致病力中等,归入小种3。属于小种1的7种植物的菌株,致病性也有所不同,它们可作为不同的菌系。桑菌株的致病性较为特殊,很难归入已报道的小种。根据对6种糖和醇的利用以及脱氮作用的能力,番茄、茄、花生、油橄榄菌株属生物型Ⅱ;姜、木麻黄、甘薯菌株属生物型Ⅳ;马铃薯菌株属生物型Ⅱ,桑菌株属生物型Ⅰ。但桑菌株人工接种不侵染茄和马铃薯。烟叶过敏反应的测定表现黄斑而从未表现过敏反应,它的归属尚待进一步研究。青枯假单胞菌划分为小种和生物型,目前意见还不一致,加上我们测定的菌株有限,有关这方面的工作,也待进一步研究。     

马铃薯腐烂茎线虫RPA-LFD可视化快速检测方法的建立

 马铃薯腐烂茎线虫是为害我国甘薯和马铃薯的一种重要植物病原线虫,也是我国重要的检疫性有害生物。为实现对该线虫的准确、快速且可视化的检测,本研究以马铃薯腐烂茎线虫rDNA-ITS序列为靶标构建了重组酶聚合酶结合侧流层析试纸条(RPA-LFD)的可视化快速检测体系。该体系可在39 ℃条件下15 min内特异性地完成对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫的检测,对A型(甘薯种群)和B型(马铃薯种群)单头线虫(J4)的检出底限均为3 125^-1头线虫,可以直接对土壤和甘薯茎中的马铃薯腐烂茎线虫进行检测,灵敏度可达1头(J4)/10 g土壤和1头(J4)/2 g甘薯茎组织。该体系操作简便、成本低廉、结果可视,可为马铃薯腐烂茎线虫的早期预警和口岸检疫提供技术支撑。     

云南花生丛枝植原体16S rRNA和核糖体蛋白基因序列分析

 利用植原体16S rRNA基因及核糖体蛋白基因(ribosomal protein, rp)通用引物对发生在云南元谋的花生丛枝病病株DNA进行PCR扩增,并对扩增片段进行序列测定。扩增获得的云南元谋花生丛枝植原体(PnWB-YNym)16S rDNA、16S-23S rDNA和23S DNA片段总长1 806 bp,rp基因扩增片段长1 171 bp。云南株系与来源于台湾和海南的花生丛枝植原体均有较高同源性。比较16S rDNA片段,发现云南株系在5个位点上与来自台湾或海南的株系存在碱基差异,其中有1个位点的差异是云南元谋株系特异的;再分别比较核糖体蛋白rplV-rpsC 2个基因所编码的氨基酸序列,发现云南株系rpsC编码的第194位氨基酸与台湾和海南的株系存在差异。经16S rDNA片段系统进化及iPhyClassifier在线分析,表明PnWB-YNym在分类上属于16SrII-A亚组成员,与候选种‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australasiae’相关;基于rp基因构建的系统进化树表明,PnWB-YNym与16SrII-A亚组各成员聚为同一亚进化支(iii)。