斑蝥黄质在"脱温鸡"上的着色效果研究

随着生活水平的提高,人们对禽产品色泽的要求不断提高。目前我国市场上对禽产品的着色,除了要求肉禽皮肤和蛋禽蛋黄有良好的色泽外,对“脱温鸡”脚胫的色泽也提出了要求。“脱温鸡”是指将孵化出来的0日龄肉小鸡饲养到10~15日龄出售的雏鸡。在我国广东、广西和四川市场上对“脱     

角黄素对肉种鸡生产性能和繁殖性能的影响

本文主要研究添加角黄素对肉用种鸡生产性能和繁殖性能的影响。试验选用360只小母鸡和36只公鸡,饲养于12个面积为7m 2的圈中。以体重相近和均匀性为原则,于42周时将母鸡和公鸡平均分配到两个试验组中。在第46至66周龄时,给予试验组1每公斤饲粮6m g角黄素的添加量,试验组2不添加角黄素（对照组）。每4周称量一次体重,记录每周产蛋率,于试验结束时计算死亡率。孵化期为21天,计算孵化率和繁殖率。为了评价不同存储时间和孵化过程中角黄素的抗氧化作用,对所有处理组蛋品进行硫代巴比妥酸法分析。饲粮中添加角黄素对体重,死亡率和产蛋率没有影响,但孵化率（P≤0.0001）和受精率（P≤0.0003）却极显著增加。角黄素还能改善母鸡繁殖力,降低孵化前48小时和孵化结束前1周胚胎死亡率。两组间母鸡体重和小鸡品质没有显著性差异。试验组1蛋黄TBAR S值降低,在储存4 d和孵化7 d的蛋黄中也能观察到这种现象。在肉种鸡饲粮中添加角黄素能改善孵化率、繁殖率,降低蛋黄中TBAR S的产生。     

Evaluation of the efficacy of maduramacin ammonium in combination with roxarsone and avoparcin in caged broiler chickens

1. The anticoccidial activity of maduramicin ammonium (5 mg/kg food) administered alone or with roxarsone (50 mg/kg food) and/or avoparcin (10 mg/kg food) was evaluated in battery-reared broilers artificially challenged with recent field culture mixtures containing Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella or E. mivati, E. necatrix and E. brunetti. 2. Maduramicin ammonium exhibited a high degree of anticoccidial activity and the addition of roxarsone and/or avoparcin in food at recommended concentrations did not adversely affect the activity.     

The supplementary effect of adding canthaxanthin to a diet containing natural sources of pigmenting compounds on the pigmentation of broilers

Two experiments have been carried out involving 4200 broiler‐type chicks maintained on litter with six basal diets in the first study and six in the second. From the data of these studies, it can be concluded that canthaxanthin can be used effectively to augment or supplement naturally occurring xanthophylls found in yellow corn or alfalfa for the pigmentation of broilers. From the data, it would appear that it would be possible to produce any level of pigmentation desired by combining canthaxanthin with yellow corn or alfalfa or a combination of these two ingredients.     

Effect of coccidiosis on pigmentation in broilers

Broiler chicks were fed on a high energy, commercial‐type ration with 20 g oxycarotenoids/ton¹ for 5 weeks. They were then transferred to two finisher rations: one with 20 g oxycarotenoids from the ingredients plus 3 g canthaxanthin/ton; the other containing 26 g oxycarotenoids/ton derived solely from the ingredients. Three replicated groups fed on each finisher ration were inoculated daily for 5 d with either 6000 sporulated oocysts of E. maxima, 30,000 sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina or no coccidial oocysts. The resultant mild infections caused reduced growth and impaired food conversion irrespective of the ration fed. Pigmentation, based on shank visual scores, plasma and toe‐web total carotenoid concentrations, was adversely affected in all infected groups. Groups fed canthaxanthin had higher visual scores than comparable groups not so supplemented; however, the presence of coccidiosis depressed flesh pigmentation proportionately in both groups judged by several pigmentation parameters. E. acervulina infection was as deleterious to the broiler as E. maxima, based on these criteria.     

不同加工处理的大豆对肉仔鸡影响的研究

采用单因子试验设计方法 ,研究了采用豆粕 +油脂、膨化大豆、豆粕 +鱼粉、生大豆配制的4种等能量、等氮、等赖氨酸、等蛋氨酸 +胱氨酸水平饲粮对商品代艾维茵肉仔鸡的生产性能、血液生理指标、酶活性的影响 ,并对膨化全脂大豆在肉仔鸡饲粮中的应用进行了经济分析。试验结果表明 ,生大豆组饲粮能显著影响肉仔鸡的发育和一些参与蛋白质代谢的酶的活性 ,进而影响肉仔鸡的生产性能表现     

植物甾醇对肉鸡生产性能的影响

日粮中分别添加0、5、10、20、40和80 mg/kg植物甾醇,研究其对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明,20、40 mg/kg植物甾醇添加组能提高前期(0~21 d)日增重,其中40 mg/kg组达显著水平(P<0.05);5、10、40和80 mg/kg组均能提高后期(22~42 d)和全期(0~42 d)日增重(P>0.05)。20、40 mg/kg组能提高前期平均重,其中40 mg/kg组达极显著水平(P<0.01);5、10、40和80 mg/kg添加组均能提高后期平均重(P>0.05)。40 mg/kg植物甾醇添加组有提高前期、后期及全期饲料转化效率的趋势(P>0.05)。各组间死淘率差异均不显著(P>0.05)。从增重和饲料转化效率来看,肉仔鸡饲料中添加40 mg/kg的植物甾醇效果最好。     

Effect of sulfur dioxide on broiler performance and health

Investigations were conducted, with the view to establishing short-time effects of SO2 alone and in combination with power station fly-ash as well as long-time effects of SO2 on broiler. The experimental concentrations up to 16 X 330 ppm did not reveal any deterimental impact upon live weight or feed consumption. Histological, haematological, and clinico-chemical tests indicated that damage was caused only by highly repetitive short-time exposure to very high SO2 concentrations (330 ppm), such damage being reflected in slight increase of erythrocyte count, lowered colour index, rise in SGPT activity, and histologically, inflammatory changes in the lungs and degeneration in the liver. Broiler fattening units, therefore, can be established with good economy also in areas with high SO2 emission.     

Effect of ibuprofen on coccidiosis in broiler chickens

Ibuprofen (IBU)-a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-inhibits the biosynthesis of prostaglandins with pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties and is therefore proposed as a candidate molecule for the treatment of coccidiosis in broiler chickens. In all experiments, IBU was administered via drinking water. In a first experiment, chickens were infected at 10 or 21 days of age with oocysts of Eimeria acervulina (5 X 10(4)), Eimeria maxima (3 X 10(4)), and Eimeria tenella (7.5 X 10(3)) and medicated with IBU at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight (BW). In a second experiment, chickens were infected at 6 days of age with 10(4) oocysts of E. acervulina and medicated with IBU at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW. In the third experiment, an inoculum consisting of 5 x 10(4) or 10(5) E. acervulina oocysts was administered at 6 days of age to chickens medicated with IBU at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW. In a fourth experiment, the effect of IBU on sporulation and infectivity of E. acervulina oocysts was studied. Coccidial lesion scores (CLSs), oocyst shedding, and weight gain were used as evaluation parameters in all experiments except the fourth, where weight gain was not taken into account. In addition, the sporulation percentage was determined in the last experiment. No influence of IBU on the indicated parameters was observed after providing the drug at a dose of 15 mg/kg BW, whereas CLSs and oocyst shedding were reduced when IBU was provided at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW. However, IBU did not significantly show any effect on the degree of sporulation and infectivity of E. acervulina oocysts at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW.     

Effect of quantitative feed restriction on broiler performance

The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of quantitative feed restriction on the performance of broilers. A total of 270 unsexed broilers were randomly allocated to three treatments: with no feed restriction (T1), one week (T2) and two (T3) weeks of feed restriction from 22 days of age and then fed ad libitum until the age of 42 days. Treatments were replicated three times with 30 birds per replicate. Birds were fed with starter, grower and finisher diets. The feed consumed and body weights were recorded every week from the third to the sixth week. The average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were computed for each week. At Week 6, body weights of T3 birds were similar (P > 0.05) to those of T1 and T2 birds. There were also no treatment effects on the ADG at Week 6. In addition, no treatment effects (P > 0.05) were observed on ADFI at each stage of growth. Since ADFI and FCR were similar among the three groups, it was concluded that feed restriction by limiting the time to eat was not successful. There was also no evidence of compensatory growth in the restricted groups.     

Effect of roxarsone inclusion in the diet on the performance and hepatic lipid metabolism of laying Tsaiya duck

1. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) inclusion in the diet on the performance, liver function and lipid metabolism in the liver of laying Brown Tsaiya ducks. 2. Sixty 36-week-old laying ducks were selected and allocated at random into 4 dietary treatments with 3 replications for each treatment. Feeding was for 7 weeks with 3 weeks of experimental diets followed by a 4 week withdrawal period. The experimental diets were supplemented with 0, 50, 100 and 300 mg/kg roxarsone, respectively 3. Dietary inclusion of 50 or 100 mg/kg roxarsone did not significantly promote performance. Inclusion of 300 mg/kg significantly depressed (P<0.05) performance, liver weight and content, serum triacylglycerol (TG), serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and increased (P<0.05) cholesterol, creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the serum at the end of 3 weeks on the experimental diet. 4. Laying characteristics returned to normal 4 weeks after withdrawal of roxarsone. The liver weight, fat and TG in the liver and serum concentrations of TG, NEFA, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and AST increased significantly (P<0.05), while the level of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) decreased (P<0.05) at the end of the withdrawal period. More prominent vacuolised hepatic fatty cells were observed in laying ducks treated with 300 mg/kg of roxarsone.     

洛克沙胂在鲫鱼体内的残留及消除动力学研究

本文对洛克沙胂在鲫鱼体内的砷残留及消除动力学进行了研究，鲫鱼在室内水池洛克沙胂溶液10mg／L(以As计)中连续暴露15天进行富集残留试验后转入清水中进行消除试验。采用微波消解处理和氢化物一原子荧光光度法测定鱼鳃、肌肉、血清和内脏中总砷含量。结果表明，砷在鱼体内的表现为吸收和分布较快，肌肉和血清中总砷水平仅为0．3～0．4mg／kg，内脏中残留最高达30．25mg／kg。洛克沙胂在鲫鱼组织中消除符合一级速率动力学过程，消除半衰期(t1／2)为2．5～2．8h，鱼鳃中砷浓度在初始2h内下降快，此后消除较慢，t1／2为9．45h。     

棕榈仁粕对肉鸡生长性能及健康的影响

随着棕榈仁粕产量的增加以及大家对常规饲料原料可持续利用的担忧．世界部分地区对棕榈仁粕在肉鸡日粮中的最大添加水平进行了一些研究．结果表明棕榈仁粕不含抗营养成分,只要日粮的氨基酸和代谢能平衡．棕榈仁粕的安全添加水平至少可高达40％。虽然棕榈仁粕的添加导致日粮纤维较高和饲料消化率降低．但是却提高了采食量．最终摄入的总可消化营养成分也相应提高。β-甘露聚糖是棕榈仁粕中非淀粉多糖的主要成分,有报道认为,甘露糖和甘露低聚糖都能起到益生素的作用．日粮中添加棕榈仁粕增强禽类免疫系统功能．减少肠道致病菌数。凭借以上两个优点,我们强烈推荐棕榈仁粕添加到肉鸡日粮中．尤其是在棕榈仁粕生产国．这不仅有利于提高肉鸡生产性能．还能促进鸡群健康。有选择性地添加一些酶制剂到到饲料中．可增加饲料转化率和消化率．同时也降低排泄物的水分含量。     

实验性腹水综合征对肉仔鸡生产性能及血液参数的影响

肉鸡腹水综合征（ASC）又称肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征（PHS），是肉鸡疾病、死亡和胴体淘汰的最主要因素，导致巨大的经济损失。据调查报道，全球每年因肉鸡ASC所造成的经济损失大约为10亿美元，因ASC死亡而造成的经济损失约为5亿美元Ⅲ。目前，从遗传育种和兽医病理学角度研究肉鸡ASC的文献资料很多，然而，从营养的角度来研究肉鸡ASC的资料较少，尤其缺乏机制性的研究。     

日粮蛋氨酸与苏氨酸水平对感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

球虫病是危害养禽业最为严重的一种疾病 ,我国为了预防和治疗此疾病每年投入数亿元。然而 ,随着抗球虫药的广泛使用 ,鸡球虫的耐药性和药物残留等问题日趋严重 ,因此人们一直在寻求控制球虫病的新途径。日粮的营养成分可以影响鸡球虫的发育及致病性 ,Harms等 ( 1 967)报道提高日粮中的养分浓度可以缓解球虫病造成的生长不良影响。Tsiagbe等 ( 1 987)报道 ,饲喂蛋氨酸不足的日粮 ,会降低雏鸡对绵羊红细胞的反应 ,并延缓对植物凝血素的过敏反应 ,最佳免疫反应所需的日粮蛋氨酸水平远高于最大生产性能时所需的蛋氨酸水平。美国左治亚州立大学 …     

Effect of stocking density on performance of broiler chicks

In two experiments space allowances of 0.143, 0.122, 0.105 and 0.093 m²/bird and 0.093, 0.078, 0.064 and 0.047 m²/bird were used and their effects on live‐weight, food consumption and food conversion of Cobb broilers up to 10 weeks old were measured.

When the space allowance was greater than 0.093 m²/bird there was no effect on any of the characters studied.

At 10 weeks old a decrease in space allowance from 0.093 to 0.047 m²/bird was accompanied by reduced final live‐weight and food consumption and increased efficiency of food conversion; the effect on live‐weight was smaller at 9 weeks and was not significant at 8 or 7 weeks.

It was concluded that in broiler experiments ending at 8 weeks a space allowance of 0.078 m²/bird (0.8 ft²/bird) is more than adequate.     

抗生素对肉鸡小肠肠壁组织结构的影响

畜禽饲料中加入亚治疗量的抗生素,具有节约营养物质,保持健康,提高动物生产性能等作用。对于这种作用的机理,有许多报道。有的学者认为抗生素使动物的肠壁变薄,增强细胞膜的通透性,从而有利于营养成分的吸收（余伯良,1997;邱楚武,1998）;而有些学者认为肠壁变薄并不是影响营养成分吸收的决定因素。本试验旨在验证添加抗生素后肉仔鸡肠壁结构是否发生变化。