肉鸡日粮中使用血球蛋白替代鱼粉的研究

喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉 (以下简称血球蛋白 )以其高消化率 ,高蛋白质含量 ,在水产动物及仔猪、母猪饲料中得到广泛应用 ,但目前在国内尚少用于禽料生产。本试验主要探讨不同水平血球蛋白替代鱼粉对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。1　材料与方法1 1　试验动物和分组　选 1日龄AA雏鸡 30 0只 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组 1 0 0只。1 2　日粮处理　各组两阶段基础日粮水平相同 ,对照组日粮加 4 %鱼粉 ,试验 1组加 2 %鱼粉 +1 2 5 %血球蛋白 ,试验 2组加 2 5 %血球蛋白 ,鱼粉选用进口优质红鱼粉 ,含粗蛋白质 62 % ;血球蛋白 (NP - 90 )由武汉恩彼生物科技有…     

Guar meal in diets for broiler chickens

1. In two experiments each involving 2 000 Ross 1 broiler chickens in floor pens from 0 to 56 d of age, the effects of including guar meal at 50, 100 or 150 g/kg of the diet were investigated.

2. During the 0 to 28‐d period diets containing 50 or 100 g guar meal/kg supported only 85 and 69%, respectively, of the growth supported by the control diet, whereas during 28 to 56 d, birds fed on diets containing 100 or 150 g guar meal/kg gained 90 and 86% of the weight gained by control birds.

3. Neither toasting the meal, steam pelleting diets containing the meal nor supplementing these diets with 5 g methionine/kg had any appreciable effect on performance.

4. Addition of either of two enzyme preparations, MKC hemicellulase or betaganase M, improved growth; birds receiving 100 or 150 g guar meal/kg gaining 96 and 89%, respectively, of the weight gained by control birds from 28 to 56 d of age.     

Protein supply in organic broiler diets

Abstract

Organic feed legislation, long-rearing periods and high requirements of sulphur-rich amino acids (AAs) complicate the composition of a well-balanced organic diet for broilers. To evaluate the effect of protein and AA composition, three different diets were fed to 180 Ross broilers, divided over 45 pens. The diets comprised a low crude protein (CP) and AA diet, a high CP diet aiming at AA levels used in conventional production and a low protein diet supplemented with lysine, methionine and threonine up to levels of the high protein diet. Chickens were immunologically challenged with an inactivated infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine; antibody titres, heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratios, lymphoid organ weights and digestibility coefficients were recorded. In general, bird performance improved with increasing dietary CP and AA levels. Dietary treatments did not significantly affect any of the measured immune or stress-related parameters.     

The use of blood meal in tropical broiler diets

Summary Sixteen hundred commercial broiler chicks (Cobbs) were used to investigate the food value of blood meal in broiler production under Sudanese conditions. Seven experimental diets, containing various levels of blood meal, were fed to groups of chicks from 0 to 9 weeks of age and the performance was compared with those on a control diet containing 15 per cent meat meal. The results indicated that 6 per cent blood meal can be used in broiler diets without growth rate being adversely affected.

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Sumario Mil seicientos pollos parrilleros de origen comercial (Cobbs) fueron usadospara investigar el valor alimenticio de la harina de sangre en la producción de pollos parrilleros bajo condiciones propias del Sudan. Siete dietas experimentales conteniendo varios niveles de harina de sangre fueron alimentadas a grupos de pollos de 0–9 semanas de edad y el rendimiento fue comparado con aquellos bajo una dieta control conteniendo 15 por ciento de harina de carne. Los resultados indicaron que la harina de sangre puede ser usada economicamente a niveles no mayores de 6 por ciento en la dieta de los pollos parrilleros.

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Résumé Seize cent poulets de chair (Cobbs) étaient utilisés pour étudier la valeur alimentaire de la farine de sang pour la production de poulets dans les conditions du Soudan. Sept régimes expérimentaux, contenant des taux différents de farine de sang, étaient distribués à des groupes de poulets agés de 0 à 9 semaines et les performances étaient comparées avec celles d'un régime témoin contenant 15 p. 100 de farine de viande. Les résultats montrent que la farine de sang peut être employée économiquement jusqu'à 6 p. 100 dans la ration des poulets de chair.

     

Grass meal as an ingredient in diets for broiler chickens

1. Six diets of equal energy and nitrogen contents containing between 0 (control) and 125 g grass meal/kg were each fed to 4 groups of 42 male and 4 groups of 42 female broiler chicks, in floor pens, from 0 to 56 d of age.

2. Increments of 25 g grass meal/kg and 7.3 g maize oil/kg replaced a mixture of soyabean, wheat and barley meals in the control diet.

3. Gain: food ratio (y) of the birds decreased linearly as dietary grass meal content (x) increased such that y = 0.4295 ? 0.0032x.

4. Carcass analyses indicated that the decrease in gain : food ratio was caused by less deposition of body fat.

5. Skin colour became significantly yellower as the dietary grass meal content increased.     

杂粕型饲粮添加杂粕酶对肉鸡生产性能和经济效益的影响

本试验选择21日龄AA肉鸡360羽,研究在玉米-杂粕型饲粮中添加杂粕酶对其生产性能和经济效益的影响.试验采用单因子完全随机分组设计,共设3个处理,分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型饲粮(正对照)、玉米-杂粕型饲粮(负对照)和玉米杂粕加杂柏酶饲粮(试验组),每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复40只.试验结果表明:饲粮中添加酶组比杂粕饲粮组日增重提高8.07%(P＜0.05),料肉比降低12.02%(P＜0.05),增重饲料成本降低了22.63%(P＜0.01);与豆粕型饲粮组相比,日增重、日采食量和料肉比差异不显著(P＞0.05),增重饲料成本显著降低(P＜0.05).说明在肉鸡玉米-杂粕型饲粮中添加杂粕酶可以保持生产性能不变,降低生产成本,提高经济效益.     

Sunflower seed meal as a substitute for soybean meal in commercial broiler chicken diets

1. An experiment was conducted to study the possibility of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with sunflower seed meal (SFM) in broiler chick diets. The SBM in broiler starter (317.9 g/kg) and finisher (275.4 g/kg) diets was replaced with SFM at 33, 67 and 100% on an iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous basis using sunflower oil to balance the energy content of the diets. The metabolisable energy levels used in the diet were considerably less than the recommended levels for broilers. Each experimental diet was fed ad libitum from 2 to 42 d of age to 8 replicates of 5 birds. Parameters studied included amino acid and apparent metabolisable energy contents in food ingredients, body weight, food intake, food efficiency, leg abnormality score, dry matter digestibility, carcase traits, relative weight and length of intestine, fat and protein content in liver and serum biochemical profile. 2. SFM had higher concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, methionine and cystine and lower energy content than SBM. 3. Replacement of SBM with SFM up to 67% in starter and 100% in finisher diets did not affect weight gain. Total and 67% replacement of SBM with SFM depressed food efficiency at 21 and 42 d of age, respectively. Food intake was significantly higher in SFM-based diets than in the SBM reference diet at 21 and 42 d of age, except in groups given SFM100 at 21 d of age. In the latter group, the food intake was similar to that on the SBM reference diet. The digestibility of dry matter decreased with increased levels of SFM in the diet. 4. The relative weights of giblet, liver and abdominal fat, length of intestine, activity of alkaline phosphatase, concentrations of calcium and inorganic phosphorus in serum were not influenced by incorporation of SFM in the broiler diet. 5. The ready to cook yield and liver fat content decreased, while the relative weights of gizzard and intestine and protein content in liver increased, with increasing levels of SFM in the diet. 6. The concentration of HDL cholesterol increased while the concentration of LDL cholesterol decreased with increasing content of SFM (> or =67% of SBM) in diet. The serum protein concentration decreased progressively with increase in dietary SFM. The concentrations of protein and triglycerides in serum were lowest in groups receiving SFM100. 7. Body weight gain was not affected by total replacement of SBM with SFM at 42 d of age. However, considering food efficiency, carcase yields, serum lipid profile and level of supplemental fat in diet, it is concluded that SFM can replace up to two-thirds of soybean, corresponding to inclusion of 345 and 296 g SFM per kg for starter and finisher phases, respectively.     

豆粕和发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹摄食生长的影响

以初始平均体重为(112.21±0.73)g的卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus Linnaeus)为研究对象,进行为期70d的摄食生长试验,研究不同添加水平的发酵豆粕和不发酵豆粕对卵形鲳鲹摄食生长的影响。试验共配制8种等氮等能的饲料,其中以全鱼粉饲料为对照组(饲料1);豆粕取代饲料主要以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源,其中,发酵豆粕分别替代17.6%、31.4%、45.1%和60.8%的鱼粉蛋白(饲料2～5),普通豆粕蛋白分别替代17.6%、31.4%和45.1%的鱼粉蛋白(饲料6～8)。结果表明,饲料中不同水平的豆粕替代量对卵形鲳鲹的成活率和摄食无显著影响(P0.05),但当豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白达到45.1%时,会显著降低卵形鲳鲹的特定生长率、饲料转化率和蛋白质效率(P0.05)。饲料中用发酵豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白达到60.8%时,也显著降低卵形鲳鲹的增重率、饲料利用率(P0.05)。但是与豆粕替代组相比,在45.1%的鱼粉蛋白替代水平下,发酵豆粕组的增重率和饲料利用率显著高于普通豆粕替代组(P0.05)。     

金鲳鱼饲料中发酵豆粕替代鱼粉的研究

试验采用单因子试验设计,选用初始体重为(60±4)g的金鲳鱼(Trachinotus ovatus),随机分成5个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼,饲养在浮式海水网箱中,进行为期65 d的试验。在对照组配方中鱼粉用量为51%的基础上,分别用13%、24%、34%和44%的发酵豆粕代替配方中9%、16%、23%和31%的鱼粉用量,研究发酵豆粕代替鱼粉对金鲳鱼生长性能的影响。试验结果表明:在金鲳鱼饲料中用发酵豆粕代替23%的进口鱼粉,金鲳鱼的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,发酵豆粕代替25%的鱼粉用量对金鲳鱼的生产性能不会产生不良影响。     

Effect of select menhaden fish meal in starter diets for pigs

Two trials were conducted to evaluate a select menhaden fish meal (SMFM) as a protein source in starter diets for 390, 3-wk-old weaned pigs. Initial weights averaged 4.8 and 5.5 kg in Trials 1 and 2, and trials were conducted for 5 and 4 wk, respectively. Diets in Trial 1 were formulated by substituting levels of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20% SMFM for soybean meal plus corn on a protein basis. The 20% fish meal diet contained no soybean meal; all diets contained between 19.8 and 20.2% CP, between 1.34 and 1.40% lysine and 25% dried whey. Replacement of soy protein with fish meal elicited a quadratic improvement (P = .01) in cumulative ADG and average daily feed intake (ADFI) by the end of wk 5. The diet containing 8% SMFM resulted in the maximum observed ADG; however, the maximum ADFI occurred in pigs fed the diet containing 12% SMFM. Breakpoint analysis indicated that 4.5 and 9.3% SMFM maximized ADG and ADFI, respectively. Addition of SMFM did not affect efficiency of feed utilization (F/G). In Trial 2, a 2 X 3 factorial with two levels of dried whey (10 or 20%) and three levels of SMFM (0, 4 or 8%), a SMFM X dried whey interaction (P less than .05) was observed for cumulative ADG and F/G by the of wk 4 with greater benefit from SMFM with 10% than with 20% dried whey.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Utilisation of sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed meal in broiler chicken diets

1. Soybean meal (SBM) was replaced with sesame seed meal (SSM) at proportions of 0.00, 0.33, 0.67 and 1.00 on a protein basis in broiler diets (2 to 42 d of age). Each diet was fed to 8 replicates of 5 birds each. 2. Body weight gain, food efficiency, ready-to-cook (RTC) yield, relative weights of giblet, liver and abdominal fat were not affected by including SSM up to 0.67 proportion of SBM in starter and finisher diets (360 and 310 g/kg, respectively). The relation between level of SSM and growth performance variable (weight gain, food efficiency and RTC yield) was non-linear. 3. Weight, breaking strength and ash content of tibia decreased non-linearly with the proportion of SSM in diet. 4. The activity of alkaline phosphatase and protein concentration in serum decreased linearly with the amount of SSM in the diet.     

Replacement of maize with sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) tuber meal in broiler diets

1. The nutrient composition of sweet potato tuber meal (SPM) was similar to that of maize, with the exceptions of crude protein and calcium. The crude protein content was lower (62 v 91 g/kg) and the calcium content was higher (1–9 v 0–1 g/kg) in SPM. The amino acid composition, in general, favoured SPM.

2. Trypsin inhibitor activity, and the contents of oxalate and phytate‐phosphorus in SPM were too low to be of any nutritional concern.

3. The apparent metabolisable energy content of SPM was determined to be similar to that of maize (14–51 v 14–45 MJ/kg).

4. The results of feeding trials showed that SPM can replace up to 400 g/kg maize in broiler diets without adverse effects in performance. The depression in weight gains observed in birds fed on a diet containing 600 g SPM/kg was related largely to lowered food intake arising from the powdery texture of SPM.     

Response of starter pigs to supplementation of corn-soybean meal diets with organic acids

Four growth experiments were conducted to assess the effects of organic acid supplementation on performance of starter and finisher pigs. Three 4-wk starter experiments utilized 392 pigs fed simple corn-soybean meal diets. A fourth experiment employed 135 finisher pigs in a 6-wk study. Each of the starter experiments was initiated immediately after weaning; piglets were 30 +/- 3 d of age. In Exp. 1, weanling pigs fed a 19% crude protein, simple corn-soybean meal diet were compared with pigs fed similar diets supplemented with 2% propionic, fumaric, or citric acid. Addition of each acid improved (P less than .07) efficiency of gain, while propionate depressed (P less than .05) feed intake. Additions of 1, 2, 3 or 4% fumarate were made in Exp. 2, resulting in linear daily gain and feed efficiency improvements (P less than .05). In Exp. 3, a possible protein-sparing effect of fumaric acid was investigated. Increasing protein levels from 16 to 20% improved daily gain (P less than .01) and feed efficiency (P less than .0001); fumarate supplementation (2%) increased (P less than .01) gain:feed. However, there was no protein X fumaric acid interaction. In Exp. 4, no treatment effects were noted with performance of finisher pigs fed a 14% crude protein, corn-soybean meal diet was compared with that of pigs fed similar diets supplemented with 1.5 or 3% fumaric acid.     

The effect of supplementing organic diets with fish meal and premix on the performance of pigs and some meat and blood characteristics

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fish meal and mineral-vitamin premix, supplementing organic diets, on the performance of pigs and some meat and blood characteristics. The experiment was conducted on an organic pig fattening farm. The study involved 120 pigs with an approximate 25 kg body weight. Animals were divided into 3 groups, kept in pens, 10 animals each. Group I (control) animals were fed with plant feedstuffs of organic origin. Diets for group II and III were enriched with fish meal or fish meal and vitamin-mineral premix, respectively. The experiment was carried out till pigs reached a weight of 115 kg. Feed samples were subjected to laboratory analyses. Body weight (3 times) and feed intake were recorded. Blood samples were collected (2 times) to determine hematological and biochemical indices. Some parameters in meat samples were also determined. The fish meal addition improved (P < or = 0.05) the average daily gains as well as feed conversion ratio during fattening period and mineral-vitamin premix significantly (P < or = 0.05) fortified fish meal influence. Fish meal supplement improved (P < or = 0.05) also some carcass characteristics. Supplementation of the diet with premix additionally decreased (P < or = 0.05) backfat thickness and increased share of meat in carcass. Fish meal improved (P < or = 0.05) some meat characteristics and elevated content of some polyunsaturated fatty acids. An increase in hemoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell and cholesterol level in blood of animals from both experimental groups were also found. The results obtained proved the usefulness of fish meal and mineral-vitamin premix in the fatteners nutrition based on organic diets.     

蚯蚓粉替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中不同比例蚯蚓粉替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾生长性能的影响.试验采用单因子设计,选取200尾罗氏沼虾幼虾,随机分为5组,即Ⅰ组(0%蚯蚓粉+100%鱼粉)、Ⅱ组(10%蚯蚓粉+90%鱼粉)、Ⅲ组(20蚯蚓粉+80%鱼粉)、Ⅳ组(30%蚯蚓粉+70%鱼粉)、Ⅴ组(40%蚯蚓粉+60%鱼粉),每组4个重复,每个重复...