Role of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) during meningoencephalitis caused by Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5)

The role of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in meningoencephalitis caused by Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) was evaluated by intracranial infection in C57BL/6 wild-type mice (WT) and SOCS2 deficient mice (SOCS2^−/−). Both infected groups presented weight loss, ruffled fur and hunched posture. Additionally, infected SOCS2^−/− mice showed swollen chamfer and progressive depression. Infected WT animals developed mild meningitis, characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells. Moreover, viral DNA was detected in liver and lung from infected WT group. This group also showed elevated brain levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, CXCL1 and CCL5, when compared with non-infected WT animals. Brain inflammation was exacerbated in infected SOCS2^−/− mice with widespread distribution of the virus and increased brain levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12, CXCL1 and CCL5, when compared with WT infected mice. Moreover, infected SOCS2 deficient mice exhibited reduced brain mRNA expression of IFNα and IFNβ and increased expression of mRNA of SOCS1, compared with infected WT mice. Taken together, our study provides an insight into the role of SOCS2 in modulating the immune response to BoHV-5 infection.     

口蹄疫病毒前导蛋白酶抑制宿主先天性免疫应答的机制

口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV)引起的一种急性、热性、高度接触传染性动物疫病.口蹄疫病毒有多种机制对抗宿主的先天性免疫应答,在这个过程中病毒的前导蛋白酶(L^pro)发挥了关键作用.L^pro可切断宿主细胞帽子依赖性的蛋白翻译,抑制干扰素蛋白的合成;L^pro通过破坏核转录因子-κB (NF-κB)的完整性或减少干扰素调节因子3/7(IRF3/7)的表达,从而抑制IFN mRNA的产生;L^pro还会参与维甲酸诱导基因Ⅰ(RIG-Ⅰ)、TANK结合激酶1(TBK1)、TNF受体相关因子3(TRAF3)和TRAF6的去泛素化,从而影响Ⅰ型干扰素信号通路的活化.     

An aerosolized Brucella spp. challenge model for laboratory animals

To characterize the optimal aerosol dosage of Brucella abortus strain 2308 (S2308) and B. melitensis (S16M) in a laboratory animal model of brucellosis, dosages of 10(3)-10(10) colony forming units (CFU) were nebulized to mice. Although tissue weights were minimally influenced, total CFU per tissues increased beginning at 10(6)-10(7) CFU dosages, with 10(9) CFU appearing to be an optimal dosage for S16M or S2308 aerosol delivery. At 12 weeks after vaccination with 10(7) CFU of B. abortus strain RB51 (SRB51) or saline (control), mice were challenged intraperitoneally (i.p.) (6.4 x 10(4) CFU) or via aerosol (1.76 x 10(9) CFU) with S2308. Mice vaccinated with SRB51 had reduced (P < 0.05) splenic, liver and lung colonization (total CFU and CFU/g) after i.p. challenge with S2308 as compared with control mice after i.p. S2308 challenge. Control and SRB51-vaccinated mice did not differ (P > 0.05) in splenic, liver or lung colonization after aerosol S2308 challenge. Failure to demonstrate vaccine protection was not because of a high aerosol challenge dosage as colonization of spleen and liver tissues was lower (P < 0.05) after aerosol challenge when compared with control mice after i.p. S2308 challenge.     

柞蚕NPV转移载体组建及外源基因在Sf9细胞、柞蚕卵巢原代细胞和蛹体中的表达

根据对载有ApNPV核多角体蛋白基因的片段的酶谱和核苷酸序列分析结果,采用人工合成寡核苷酸引物引导的点突变方法,去掉了该基因的起始密码子(ATG突变为ATT),经系列克隆组建了pApM740转移载体,其外源基因插入位点为nt+141(BamHI)。系用多聚酶链反应(Polymerase Chain Rea-ction简称PCR)技术,分别将nt+2～+140,nt+9～+140、和nt+37～+140切掉,组建了pApM740、741、748和736转移载体,其外源基因克隆位点分别为nt+1、+8和+36(均为BamHI切点)。将IL-4、DE基因分别克隆到pApM740、741、748和736载体中,并进行了转染表达实验:(1)将载有DE基因的上述四种载体质粒DNA分别与AcNPV_(WT)DNA共转染Sf9细胞、经免疫抗体荧光检测,供试4个载体所载DE基因均得到表达;(2)将pApM741-IL_4和pApM748-IL_4重组载体质粒DNA分别与ApNPV_(WT)DNA共转染柞蚕卵巢原代细胞,待多角体出现后,用PCR法检测病毒基因,证实IL-4基因已整合到ApNPV DNA基因组中;(3)将pApM748-DE重组载体质粒DNA与ApNPV _(WT)DNA共转染柞蚕蛹获得成功。对病蛹病毒DNA进行PCR检测,证实DE基因已整合到病毒基因组中;取病蛹体液,用免疫沉淀及Western blotting方法检测DE蛋白,证实DE蛋白确已被表达。从而初步建立了柞蚕NPV载体—昆虫细胞宿主和柞蚕NPV载体—柞蚕蛹活     

mTOR对信号通路调控的研究进展

哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路是最近新出现的细胞内重要信号途径,该途径在进化上高度保守,主要通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路磷酸化激活来调控细胞分裂、促进转录、信号翻译等,从而控制蛋白合成来调节细胞生长。mTOR作为一种重要的调节基因通过调节细胞周期、蛋白质合成、细胞能量代谢等多种途径发挥重要的生理功能,在细胞增殖、生长、分化过程中起着中心调控点的作用。     

铜绿假单胞菌对TLR4缺失鼠的致病性研究

本研究旨在了解TLR4信号转导在铜绿假单胞菌感染所致急性肺损伤的发病机理中的作用.通过使用Tlr4基因突变致正常TLR4信号转导缺失的C3H/HeJ小鼠,评估TLR4信号转导在调节铜绿假单胞菌引起的急性肺损伤中的作用.选用6～8周龄、雄性、TLR4缺陷型(C3H/HeJ)和SPF级野生型(C3H/HeN)的小鼠各21只...     

Synergistic effect of ERK inhibition on tetrandrine-induced apoptosis in A549 human lung carcinoma cells

Tetrandrine (TET), a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid from the root of Stephania tetrandra, is known to have anti-tumor activity in various malignant neoplasms. However, the precise mechanism by which TET inhibits tumor cell growth remains to be elucidated. The present studies were performed to characterize the potential effects of TET on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways since these signaling pathways are known to be responsible for cell growth and survival. TET suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. TET treatment resulted in a down-regulation of Akt and ERK phosphorylation in both time-/concentration-dependent manners. The inhibition of ERK using PD98059 synergistically enhanced the TET-induced apoptosis of A549 cells whereas the inhibition of Akt using {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"LY294002","term_id":"1257998346","term_text":"LY294002"}}LY294002 had a less significant effect. Taken together, our results suggest that TET: i) selectively inhibits the proliferation of lung cancer cells by blocking Akt activation and ii) increases apoptosis by inhibiting ERK. The treatment of lung cancers with TET may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy and increase the apoptotic potential of lung cancer cells.     

Ankyrin repeat and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) box-containing protein (ASB) 15 alters differentiation of mouse C2C12 myoblasts and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt

Ankyrin repeat and suppressor of cytokine signaling box-containing protein (ASB) 15 is a novel ASB gene family member predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle. We have previously reported that overexpression of ASB15 delays differentiation and alters protein turnover in mouse C(2)C(12) myoblasts. However, the extent of ASB15 regulation of differentiation and molecular pathways underlying this activity are unknown. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-Akt (PI3K/Akt; Akt is also known as protein kinase B) signaling pathways have a role in skeletal muscle growth. Activation (phosphorylation) of the Erk1/2 signaling pathway promotes proliferation, whereas activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway promotes myoblast differentiation. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that ASB15 controls myoblast differentiation through its regulation of these kinases. Stably transfected myoblasts overexpressing ASB15 (ASB15+) demonstrated decreased differentiation, whereas attenuation of ASB15 expression (ASB15-) increased differentiation. However, ASB15+ cells had less abundance of the phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (active) form, despite decreased differentiation relative to control myoblasts (ASB15Con). The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor, U0126, effectively decreased mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and stimulated differentiation in ASB15- and ASB15Con cells. However, inhibition of the Erk1/2 pathway was unable to overcome the inhibitory effect of overexpressing ASB15 on differentiation (ASB15+), suggesting that the Erk1/2 pathway is likely not the predominant mediator of ASB15 activity on differentiation. Expression of ASB15 also altered phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, as ASB15+ and ASB15- cells had decreased and increased Akt phosphorylation, respectively. These data were consistent with observed differences in differentiation. Administration of IGF-I, a PI3K/Akt activator, in ASB15+ was able to partially override the previously observed phenotype of delayed differentiation, whereas administration of the PI3K/ Akt inhibitor, LY294002, decreased phosphorylation of Akt and differentiation of all cell lines similar to the untreated ASB15+ myoblasts. These results provide initial evidence that ASB15 has a role in early myoblast differentiation and that its effects may be mediated in part by the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway.     

Low dietary inorganic phosphate affects the lung growth of developing mice

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) plays a critical role in diverse cellular functions, and regulating the Pi balance is accomplished by sodium-dependent Pi co-transporter (NPT). Pulmonary NPT has recently been identified in mammalian lungs. However, to date, many of the studies that have involved Pi have mainly focused on its effect on bone and kidney. Therefore, current study was performed to discover the potential effects of low Pi on the lung of developing transgenic mice expressing the renilla/firefly luciferase dual reporter gene. Two-weeks old male mice divided into 2 groups and these groups were fed either a low PI diet or a normal control diet (normal: 0.5% Pi, low: 0.1% Pi) for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of the diet, all the mice were sacrificed. Their lungs were harvested and analyzed by performing luciferase assay, Western blotting, kinase assay and immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrate that low Pi affects the lungs of developing mice by disturbing protein translation, the cell cycle and the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2. These results suggest that optimally regulating Pi consumption may be important to maintain health.     

猪瘟病毒非结构蛋白NS5A与Beclin1相互作用并促进病毒增殖

为探究宿主蛋白Beclin1在猪瘟病毒(classical swine fever virus, CSFV)非结构蛋白NS5A激活细胞自噬反应过程中的作用及具体分子机制,本研究在感染CSFV及表达NS5A蛋白的ST细胞中,利用qRT-PCR方法检测Beclin1、PI3K/Akt通路相关因子表达变化情况;利用激光共聚焦、Co-IP及GST-pulldown等方法研究Beclin1与NS5A相互作用关系;通过在ST细胞中过表达或敲低Beclin1,研究其对CSFV复制的影响。结果表明,ST细胞感染猪瘟病毒或外源表达NS5A蛋白,Beclin1转录和蛋白表达水平均显著升高,且PI3K/Akt通路相关因子表达水平与之呈正相关。此外,CSFV NS5A蛋白与Beclin1蛋白在细胞中存在共定位且具有相互作用。最后,作者发现在细胞中过表达Beclin1,对CSFV复制起到明显促进作用;反之,利用siRNA敲低Beclin1后,抑制PI3K/Akt通路活化,CSFV增殖表现出明显抑制效应。以上结果表明,Beclin1蛋白对CSFV复制具有促进作用,其机制是通过与NS5A的相互作用调控PI3K/Ak...     

Refinement of an orthotopic lung cancer model in the nude rat

Over 85% of people with lung cancer eventually succumb to this disease, largely because current chemotherapies are ineffective. The testing and validation of promising new approaches generally rely on achieving responses with cell lines in vitro or in tumor xenografts in nude mice. However, quite often the results seen with these models are not recapitulated in the clinic, thus necessitating the need for better animal models of lung cancer for preclinical testing of new therapies. One promising model is that of orthotopic lung cancer, where xenografts of human lung cancer are established in lungs of immunodeficient rodents. The problems associated with this model include poor rates of engraftment, limited tumor multiplicity, and a heightened risk for surgical trauma. The purpose of our study was to develop an efficient approach to engraftment of orthotopic tumors throughout the lungs of the Rowett nude rat. Initially, we augmented immunosuppression in the rats with whole-body X-irradiation and then used orotracheal cannulas to intratracheally instill human cancer cells from the Calu-6 cell line. This protocol produced a low rate of engraftment and low tumor multiplicity. The hypothesis that slight disruption of the pulmonary epithelium or the surfactant layer would allow better tumor engraftment was tested by coadministration of either pancreatic elastase or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) along with the cell instillations. Lung tumor engraftment was evaluated 8 weeks after instillation. The inclusion of elastase or EDTA with the Calu-6 cells resulted in an 80-100% engraftment rate, respectively. Coadministration of EDTA resulted in significantly larger and greater numbers of tumors/lung than those in elastase-treated animals. Temporal studies demonstrated that small nodules were scattered throughout the lung parenchyma 5 weeks after instilling Calu-6 cells and EDTA. These nodules grew to coalesce and form large masses that effaced >75% of the parenchyma at 9 weeks postinstillation. The refinements made through our studies have led to the development of an orthotopic lung cancer model that should facilitate the evaluation of novel therapies designed to treat or impede lung cancer development.     

A role for Toll-like receptor 4 in the host response to the lung infection of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in mice

Although a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Yptb) lung infection model has been developed to study Y. pestis pathogenesis, it is still necessary to establish a new animal model to mimic the pathophysiological features induced by Y. pestis infection. Here, we provide a new lung infection model using the Yptb strain, IP2777, which displayed rapid spread of bacteria to the liver, spleen, and blood. In addition, we examined whether TLR4 is involved in Yptb-induced pathogenesis in the lung infection model of mice we generated. Following lung infection of WT and TLR4-deficient mice with the Yptb strain IP2777, the survival rate, bacterial colonization, histopathology, and level of cytokines and chemokines in the lung, spleen, liver, and blood were analyzed. TLR4-deficient mice had a lower survival rate than WT mice in response to Yptb lung infection. Although the bacterial colonization and pathology of the lung were comparable between WT and TLR4-deficient mice, those of the spleen and liver were more severe in TLR4-deficient mice. In addition, the levels of TNF-α and CXCL2 in the liver and IL-6 and CXCL2 in the blood were higher in TLR4-deficient mice than in WT mice. Our results demonstrate that TLR4 is necessary for optimal host protection against Yptb lung infection and TLR4-deficient mice may serve as a better genetic model of Yptb infection for mimicking Y. pestis infection.     

Comparative efficacy of inhaled albuterol between two hand-held delivery devices in horses with recurrent airway obstruction

Reasons for performing study: Studies investigating the clinical efficacy of albuterol administered with the same propellant and commercially available delivery devices in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) are not currently available. Objectives: To determine the efficacy of aerosolised albuterol administered to horses with RAO by means of 2 commercially available, hand‐held delivery devices. Methods: Ten horses with RAO were kept in a dusty environment and fed mouldy hay to induce airway obstruction. Lung mechanics were measured before and after the procedure. ΔP_max was measured 5 min after administration of 180 µg of albuterol from a pressurised metered dose inhaler, using an aerosol delivery device chosen randomly. This process was repeated every 5 min until maximal bronchodilation was achieved. After a 24 h washout period, lung mechanics data were again collected using the other aerosol delivery device. Results: Aerosolised albuterol induced a significant and rapid bronchodilation in the horses using both aerosol delivery devices. No statistically significant difference in pulmonary function was observed in response to albuterol therapy between the 2 devices. The dose required to achieve 50% of maximal bronchodilation was not statistically different between the 2 devices (173.35 ± 78.35 µg with Device 1 and 228.49 ± 144.99 µg with Device 2, P = 0.26). The decrease in lung resistance tended to be more pronounced after albuterol administration with Device 1 (P = 0.066). Conclusions: Aerosolised albuterol is an effective bronchodilator in horses with recurrent airway obstruction. There is no statistically significant difference between the 2 commercially available aerosol delivery devices in terms of efficacy. Potential relevance: Aerosolised albuterol is effectively delivered using currently available devices leading to maximal bronchodilation in horses with RAO at an average dose of 540 µg.     

APAP急性肝损伤小鼠肝脏组织转录组RNA-seq及相关信号通路分析

[目的]筛选与对乙酰氨基酚（acetaminophen,APAP）诱导的急性肝损伤发生发展相关的基因和关键信号通路。[方法]建立C57BL/6J小鼠APAP急性肝损伤模型。构建正常小鼠肝脏组织样本和APAP急性肝损伤小鼠损伤后第2天肝脏组织样本的2个cDNA文库,进行转录组测序。对获得的转录组测序数据进行组装及功能注释。使用DESeq R包（1.10.0）分析具有生物学重复的差异基因的表达,利用KOBAS软件确定KEGG信号通路中差异表达基因的静态富集。[结果]APAP急性肝损伤小鼠损伤后第2天与正常小鼠肝脏组织转录组相比,共有7 270个DEGs,包括3 707个显著（P<0.05）上调表达基因和3 563个显著（P<0.05）下调表达基因。在所有显著上调表达基因中,表达量变化幅度较大的是Col1a1、Gsta1、S100a6基因;在所有显著下调表达基因中,差异表达量位于前3位的基因是Slc1a2、Glul、Acaa1b。共有2 515个DEGs在316个不同的KEGG通路中富集,显著上调表达基因富集的信号通路主要是趋化因子信号通路、B细胞受体信号通路、NOD样受体信号通路、ECM受体相互作用信号通路等免疫和炎症相关信号通路,显著下调表达基因富集的信号通路主要是氧化磷酸化、脂肪酸降解、脂肪酸代谢、碳代谢等合成代谢信号通路。[结论]在APAP急性肝损伤过程中涉及多个信号通路的参与,趋化因子信号通路和ECM受体交互作用信号通路可能是急性损伤期中发挥主要作用的信号通路。     

葛根素对Akt通路调控3T3-L1脂肪细胞分化的影响

为了研究葛根素（puerarin）对3T3-L1前体脂肪细胞分化的影响,探索其在成脂分化过程中的潜在作用机制,试验在脂肪形成过程中将0、10、50 μmol/L葛根素加入到诱导分化培养基中诱导分化,分别通过油红O染色法及甘油三酯酶法检测葛根素对3T3-L1脂肪细胞的脂滴积累、甘油三酯的影响;采用实时荧光定量PCR检测脂肪细胞中CCAAT-增强子结合蛋白α（C/EBPα）和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）的mRNA表达量,Western blotting检测脂肪形成相关转录因子及Akt信号通路的蛋白水平的表达量。结果表明,10 μmol/L葛根素极显著增加了成熟脂肪细胞中脂滴和甘油三酯（TG）的积聚,极显著促进了脂肪形成相关转录因子C/EBPα和PPARγ的mRNA和蛋白水平的表达量（P<0.01）。进一步研究发现,与对照组相比,葛根素的刺激可增强Akt信号通路Ser473蛋白的磷酸化表达水平,表明葛根素对成脂分化过程的促进作用很大程度上是通过Akt信号通路的磷酸化来实现的。综上所述,葛根素能够促进3T3-L1前体脂肪细胞的分化,改善胰岛素敏感性,其作用机制与激活Akt信号通路Ser473位点的磷酸化水平有关。本试验结果可为研究胰岛素的效应机制提供新见解,为胰岛素抵抗相关疾病的治疗提供新思路。     

Gene expression and mutation assessment provide clues of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in liver tumors of oxazepam-exposed mice

Liver tumors from a previous National Toxicology Program study were examined using global gene expression and mutation analysis to define the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in mice exposed to oxazepam. Five hepatocellular adenomas and 5 hepatocellular carcinomas from male B6C3F1 mice exposed to 5000 ppm oxazepam and 6 histologically normal liver samples from control animals were examined. One of the major findings in the study was upregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Genes that activate β-catenin, such as Sox4, were upregulated, whereas genes that inhibit Wnt signaling, such as APC and Crebbp, were downregulated. In addition, liver tumors from oxazepam-exposed mice displayed β-catenin mutations and increased protein expression of glutamine synthetase, a downstream target in the Wnt signaling pathway. Another important finding in this study was the altered expression of oxidative stress-related genes, specifically increased expression of cytochrome p450 genes, including Cyp1a2 and Cyp2b10, and decreased expression of genes that protect against oxidative stress, such as Sod2 and Cat. Increased oxidative stress was confirmed by measuring isoprostane expression using mass spectrometry. Furthermore, global gene expression identified altered expression of genes that are associated with epigenetic mechanisms of cancer. There was decreased expression of genes that are hypermethylated in human liver cancer, including tumor suppressors APC and Pten. Oxazepam-induced tumors also exhibited decreased expression of genes involved in DNA methylation (Crebbp, Dnmt3b) and histone modification (Sirt1). These data suggest that formation of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in oxazepam-exposed mice involves alteration of the Wnt signaling pathway, oxidative stress, and potential epigenetic alterations.     

3-Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1/Akt signalling and inhibition in a canine prostate carcinoma cell line

Deregulation of the 3‐phosphoinositide‐dependent protein kinase‐1 (PDK‐1)/Akt signalling pathway is associated with prostate cancer development and progression. Inhibition of PDK‐1/Akt signalling can be achieved using structurally optimized celecoxib derivatives such as OSU‐03012. In this study, we treated the novel canine prostate cancer cell line, Ace‐1, with OSU‐03012 or dimethyl sulphoxide in vitro. We found that Akt was constitutively phosphorylated in the canine prostate cancer cell line Ace‐1 and that there was a dose‐dependent decrease in cell viability, and Akt and glycogen synthase kinase‐3β phosphorylation, in response to OSU‐03012 treatment. This was accompanied by a dose‐dependent increase in apoptosis. These data suggest that Akt signalling pathway inhibition is a potential strategy for the treatment of dogs with prostate cancer and that canine prostate cancer is a relevant large animal model for evaluating Akt pathway inhibitors such as OSU‐03012 for use in people.     

Potential role of the CD38/cADPR signaling pathway as an underlying mechanism of the effects of medetomidine on insulin and glucose homeostasis

ObjectiveTo investigate the CD38/cADPR signaling pathway as possible underlying mechanism of the effects of medetomidine on insulin and glucose homeostasis.AnimalsThirty–two C57BL/6 mice of both sexes.MethodsWild–type (WT) and CD38–knockout (CD38^?/?) mice received medetomidine (50 μg kg^?1) or a similar volume of 0.9% NaCl (control) by intraperitoneal (IP) injection (each group n = 8). The mice were euthanized 45 minutes later with sodium pentobarbital IP and blood was sampled via cardiac puncture. Insulin and glucose concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay and by the oxygen rate method, respectively. Data were analyzed with anova and Bonferroni post hoc (5% significance) and are shown as mean ± SD.ResultsPlasma insulin and glucose concentrations were similar between WT and CD38^?/? mice under control conditions. As compared to controls, medetomidine administration produced a statistically significant decrease in plasma insulin concentrations in the WT mice whereas the decrease in the CD38^?/? mice was not statistically significant. Correspondingly, medetomidine caused a significantly greater increase in plasma glucose concentrations in the WT than in the CD38^?/? mice.ConclusionThe CD38/cADPR signaling pathway may be one underlying mechanism of the glucose and insulin effects of the alpha–2 adrenergic receptor agonist medetomidine and likely other drugs of its’ class.     

哺乳期磺胺间甲氧嘧啶暴露对仔鼠骨骼肌蛋白质代谢及mTOR信号通路的影响

为了研究哺乳期磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(SMM)暴露对仔鼠骨骼肌蛋白质代谢及mTOR信号通路的影响,以0、10、50、200 mg/(kg·d)剂量对哺乳期ICR小鼠灌胃给药直至出生后21 d;第22天断乳时剖杀部分仔鼠,采集腓肠肌,BCA法测定其腓肠肌总蛋白含量,氨基酸分析仪测定其游离氨基酸水平,RT-PCR法检测其mTOR信号通路关键基因表达水平;另一部分仔鼠以性别分笼喂养至出生后63 d,并每周称重1次。与对照组比较,结果表明仔鼠体重无统计学差异(P0.05);中剂量组仔鼠腓肠肌谷氨酸(Glu),甘氨酸(Gly),丙氨酸(Ala),瓜氨酸(Cit),蛋氨酸(Met),组氨酸(His)和鹅肌肽(Ans)含量显著升高(P0.05);高剂量组的Cit和Ans含量也显著升高(P0.05),而低剂量组的Cit含量显著降低(P0.01);仔鼠腓肠肌Mtor,Pi3k3ca,Pi3k3cb,Akt1,Eif4ebp1和Rps6kb1等基因表达无统计学差异(P0.05);腓肠肌总蛋白含量无统计学差异(P0.05)。哺乳期SMM暴露对仔鼠骨骼肌氨基酸代谢有一定的改变作用;对mTOR信号通路并未产生显著影响,为临床上探讨生命早期SMM暴露是否引起代谢性疾病问题提供了毒理学风险评估依据。     

马立克氏病病毒CV1988株pp24基因的克隆与表达

根据马立克氏病病毒（MDV）国际参考强毒CA株pp24基因序列，设计和合成了一对引物，其两端分别含SalI和EcoRI的酶切位点，以CV1988株基因组DNA为模板，通过PCR技术，扩增其pp24基因。PCR产物经纯化后，按正确的阅读框架定向克隆到表达性载体pGEX-6P-1中谷胱甘肽转移酶（GST）基因的下游，并用序列测定验证。将重组质粒转化的大肠杆菌BL21，在1.0mMIPTG和37℃条件下诱导，GST-pp24基因获得了表达。诱导菌体的裂解物经12%的SDS聚丙烯凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）和Westemblot试验验证。得到大小为43kD的融合蛋白，与预期大小一致。将该融合蛋白的凝胶带切下研碎后免疫小鼠三次后，其血清与MDV感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）在间接免疫荧光试验中呈阳性反应。