黄连素稀释链霉素治疗仔猪白痢

仔猪白痢，是兽医临床上常见多发疾病。危害仔猪比较严重。通过多年来临床试用盐酸黄连素稀释盐酸链霉素鼻孔滴入疗法，对患仔猪白痢的仔猪进行治疗均获得了良好效果，现将治疗方法及用量介绍如下： 用１０ｍｌ含量１０ｍｇ的盐酸黄连素１支，稀释含量１ｇ的盐酸链霉素１支，叫助手抓住患病仔猪的两耳，向上提起，同时用两条腿夹住猪的前驱，仔猪两鼻孔向上，将稀释好的药液对准鼻孔缓慢滴入；每日一次，每次１０ｍｌ，只要缓慢滴入，药液不会呛入气管和肺内。通过实践证明，从鼻孔滴入，比从口腔滴服安全可靠，疗效显著。黄连素稀释链霉素…     

盐酸麻黄硷止泻效果

盐酸麻黄硷，在兽医临床上常用于治疗因支气管痉挛引起的呼吸困难。笔者多次应用盐酸麻黄硷治疗猪腹泻，效果显著。     

盐酸林可霉素的体外抑菌及临床疗效研究

本试验研究了盐酸林可霉素的体外抑菌作用及临床治疗效果，结果表明：该制剂对金葡萄、链球菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌均有显著的抑制作用。盐酸林可霉素对G^ 抑菌作用强于盐酸土霉素（P＞0．01），对G的抑菌作用与盐酸土霉素相当，（P＞0．05）。临床疗效研究表显示：盐酸林可霉素注射液对G^ 引起的支气管炎疗效显著，治愈率为87％，有效率为96．4％，高于盐酸土霉素的治愈率和有效率。     

猪痢疾并发附红细胞体病的诊治

猪痢疾、猪附红细胞体病单独发病时治疗不难,一旦混合感染后,会给诊断和治疗带来很大困难,并且高死亡率和高淘汰率会给养猪业带来严重的损失。经过笔者临床验证,用强力附红消（盐酸多西环素）、佥克林配合痢菌净,以及全群投喂盐酸土霉素、痢菌净等药物治疗,收到了满意效果。     

动物园草食兽附红细胞体病的诊断及治疗

广东某动物园饲养的角马、梅花鹿、麋鹿出现高热稽留、食欲下降、下痢、贫血为主要症状的疾病。经流行病学调查,临床症状观察,实验室检查,诊断为附红细胞体病。在治疗中分别采用盐酸多西环素、贝尼尔、四环素联用或单独使用,对发病动物进行治疗,发现盐酸多西环素单独作用或者四环素与贝尼尔联用有较好的治疗作用,但四环素与贝尼尔联用有较大的副作用。     

盐酸洛美沙星对肉用仔鸡抗禽霍乱巴氏杆菌的效果

用低剂量的盐酸洛美沙星饮水，并与恩诺沙星的效果进行比较，研究其对肉鸡抗禽霍乱巴氏杆菌病的临床效果及使用剂量。结果表明：25×10-6～35×10-6盐酸洛美沙星饮水时，其对肉鸡的保护率分别为97％和98％；15×10-6盐酸洛美沙星，30×10-6恩诺沙星饮水时，其保护率分别为84％和86％；空白对照组成活率仅为63％，盐酸洛美沙星对禽霍乱的治疗效果约为恩诺沙星的2倍。临床使用盐酸洛美沙星的预防剂量为20×10-6～25×10-6，治疗剂量可加倍。     

猪、牛左旋咪唑过敏反应

猪、牛左旋咪唑过敏反应左旋咪唑是一种高效低毒的广谱驱虫药，临床治疗广泛使用，驱虫效果令人满意。但盐酸左旋咪唑注射液也会发生过敏反应。盐酸左旋咪唑注射液，淮安兽药厂生产，批号９３０６１４，有效期两年，每支５ｍｌ含盐酸左旋咪唑０．２５ｇ。按规定剂量，猪每...     

农户散养草鸡住白细胞虫病的诊治

近年来，盱眙地区农户散养草鸡频发一种以逐渐消瘦，严重贫血为特征的疾病。多见于青年鸡与成年鸡，病程较长，死亡率高。曾用盐酸左旋米唑、抗蠕敏、复方敌菌净等药物治疗，并补饲各类营养添加剂，不见好转。根据发病情况及临床症状诊断为鸡住白细胞虫病，现报告如下。     

盐酸左旋咪唑治疗犊牛新蛔虫病的临床分析

总结分析盐酸左旋咪唑治疗犊牛新蛔虫病的临床效果。随机选取作者在2012年2月至2013年5月治疗的100头犊牛新蛔虫病例,按照体质强弱划分为两种盐酸左旋咪唑不同的给药途径予以治疗。通过有效的治疗,100头犊牛均排出蛔虫,健康成长。因此,盐酸左旋咪唑能够有效治疗犊牛新蛔虫病,具有较好的临床效果,值得临床推广运用。     

盐酸左旋咪唑治疗犊牛新蛔虫病的临床观察

盐酸左旋咪唑是兽医临床常用的驱虫药物，几年来，犊牛新蛔虫病的发生日益增多，严重影响着犊牛的生长发育。自1994年至1996年底，我站在兽医临床上选用盐酸左旋咪叹不同的给药途经，对犊牛新蛔虫病的驱虫效果进行了临床观察，现报告于后。一、材料与方法l、采用药物门）盐酸左旅咪哩片，安徽全椒制药厂生产，批号940403。（2）盐酸左旅咪哩注射液，湖北省松滋县兽药厂生产，为5％溶液，每支10毫升，批号940用已2‘治疗对象临床患犊或怀疑有新蛔虫的读牛。病牛均精神不振，食欲减少，异嗜，机体瘦弱，被毛粗乱脱落。持续性拉稀，呈白色或黑…     

A study of skin diseases in dogs and cats. III. III. Microflora of the skin of dogs with chronic eczema

The microflora of the skin was studied in 10 dogs with chronic eczema without clinical signs of secondary infection (Table I). The skin surface was swabbed at 7 different sites, making a total of 70 swabs, 25 of which were taken from visibly inflamed areas and 45 from apparently unaffected skin (Table II). Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis, micrococci, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, and Acinetobacter spp. were found consistently. Ten different Gram-negative bacteria, 3 different Gram-positive bacteria, and 2 yeasts were found to occur sporadically (Table III). Compared to a group of 10 healthy dogs a more prolific growth of aerobic microorganisms, a greater number of sites carrying Staph. aureus, and a higher recovery of Gram-negative transients were found in dogs with eczema (Table IV--VII). Within the group of dogs with eczema the growth of Staph. aureus was significantly heavier from eczematous skin areas than from clinically normal skin (Table VIII). In dogs with non-infective dermatitides the colonization of the skin by potentially pathogenic microorganisms may have to be considered in the clinical handling of these diseases.     

Mange caused by Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae) in wild raccoon dogs, Nyctereutes procyonoides, in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan

Parasitological and histopathological examinations were performed in 25 raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) obtained in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, all of which were found to be heavily infected with Sarcoptes scabiei. The mites detected on these raccoon dogs were morphologically indistinguishable from the human species, and no Demodex mites were detected. Histopathological examinations showed prominent hyperkeratosis and acanthosis with eczema, and numerous burrows containing mites were observed in the epidermis. The enzootic dermatitis of wild raccoon dogs in recent years was clearly demonstrated to be caused by S. scabiei in the present study.     

Phytotherapy of chronic dermatitis and pruritus of dogs with a topical preparation containing tea tree oil (Bogaskin)

Localised dermatitis, for example unspecific eczema or skinfold pyoderma, is a very common diagnosis in dogs. Typical and impressive complaints are pruritus, erythema, erosion and oozing surface. With respect to the underlying disease dermatological treatment is indicated, usually based on antimicrobial and antipruriginous active substances, it can include transient glucocorticoids. An effective and safe alternative might be a phytotherapeutic topical preparation containing tea tree oil. Tea tree oil exerts both antimicrobial and antipruriginous effects. In an open multicenter study efficacy and safety of a standardized 10% tea tree oil cream applied thinly and twice daily for 4 weeks was tested in 53 dogs with chronic dermatitis, particularly non-specific eczema, allergic dermatitis, interdigital pyoderma, acral lick dermatitis and skinfold pyoderma. Analysis of efficacy assessed by investigating veterinarians showed a good or very good response to treatment for 82% of the dogs, significant at a 5% level (p = 0.05). At the end of the study a strong and significant reduction (p = 0.001) as well as disappearance of major symptoms were observed. Only two adverse events (local reactions) possibly related to tea tree oil occurred during therapy. Consequently the tested study medication (Bogaskin) can be considered an alternative for uncomplicated and localised dermatitis in dogs. Bogaskin might allow reduction of other pharmaceutical products, perhaps even replace standard therapy.     

Dermatitis associated with Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens microfilariae in dogs from central Italy

Pruritic dermatitis associated with Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens microfilariae in the blood was diagnosed in 22 dogs from Fermo (Central Italy). According to the history, previous unsuccessful treatments with corticosteroids, antibiotics, restricted diet, flea control, levamisole and ivermectin were recorded in 17 dogs (77.3%). The combined filtration tests and antigen tests, performed during the study, were negative for Dirofilaria immitis and Acanthocheilonema reconditum in each case. Dermatological lesions included erythema, papules, single or multifocal alopecia, eczema, lichenification, crusting and nodules. All dogs had pruritus. Concurrent babesiosis was diagnosed in the blood smears of each case (100%), and 60% of the dogs were found to be carriers of canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis (CGE). Three dogs (13.6%) were positive for leishmaniosis. Eradication of the concurrent infections followed by specific macro- and microfilaricide treatment led to complete recovery from the dermatological syndrome. The main conclusion of the study is that D. repens infection can be more pathogenic than is currently considered, and it is apparently an opportunistic disease with serious dermatological consequences.     

An epidemiological study of summer eczema in Icelandic horses in Norway

A survey of summer eczema was conducted on 391 Icelandic horses in Norway. The study showed a prevalence of summer eczema of 17.6 per cent in the horses investigated. Icelandic horses born in Norway where shown to be less affected with summer eczema than imported horses, 8.2 per cent and 26.9 per cent respectively (P less than 0.001). There was no difference in the prevalence of summer eczema relative to gender or colour of the horse. The number of horses affected with summer eczema rose with increasing age and the number of years which had elapsed since importation. On average, Icelandic horses born in Norway developed summer eczema at the age of 5.3 years. The onset of disease for imported horses was, on average, 4.1 years after importation. The study also revealed that a significantly greater number of horses imported from Iceland to Norway during the period October to April, which has a minimal or low activity of insects (32.3 per cent), had developed summer eczema, compared with horses imported during the period May to September, when insects are more active (16.7 per cent), (P = 0.044). Horses with summer eczema were shown to be significantly more affected by respiratory disease than non-affected horses (P = 0.0086). The most common sites and clinical signs of summer eczema are also described.     

Characteristics of equine summer eczema with emphasis on differences between Finnhorses and Icelandic horses in a 11-year study

Summer eczema, allergic dermatitis of the horse, was studied on 275 affected horses in Finland in 1997–2007. Features of the horses, clinical signs of the disease and owners'' opinions of aggravating factors were recorded. Differences, especially, between two of the native Scandinavian horse breeds, the Finnhorse and the Icelandic horse, were evaluated. The study was based on clinical examination and information from the owners. Of the horses, 50% were Finnhorses, 26% Icelandic horses and 24% consisted of different breeds of ponies and other horses. Of the Finnhorses, 76% had summer eczema by the age of 5 years, but in the Icelandic horses born in Finland the average age at onset was 7 years. The vast majority of the horses, 75%, had moderate clinical signs, while 16% showed severe and 9% mild. The severity of clinical signs did not depend on the duration of the disease nor was it related to the age at onset. The only linkage to severity was the breed of the horse or import from Iceland; New Forest ponies and imported Icelandic horses showed severe clinical signs significantly more often than Finnhorses. Of the owners, 38% regarded insects as the only aggravating factor, 24% mentioned several simultaneous factors, including grass fodder and sunlight, while 22% could not specify any. In Finland, a typical horse breed suffering from summer eczema is the Finnhorse and the characteristics of the disease are mainly uniform with the other breeds affected. Equine summer eczema seems to be aggravated by various combinations of environmental factors.     

三种氟喹诺酮类药物体外抗家蚕病原菌活性的对比实验

为筛选新的抗生素替代氯霉素防治家蚕细菌病 ,采用试管二倍稀释法研究了盐酸诺氟沙星、盐酸蒽诺沙星、盐酸环丙沙星 3种药物对家蚕黑胸败血病菌、苏云金杆菌的体外抗菌活性。盐酸诺氟沙星对黑胸败血病菌和苏云金杆菌的最低抑菌浓度MIC(mg/L)分别为 0 78和 0 19,最低杀菌浓度MBC分别为 3 12 5和 0 78。盐酸蒽诺沙星对黑胸败血病菌和苏云金杆菌的MIC(mg/L)分别为 0 78和 0 39,MBC为 3 12 5和 12 5。盐酸环丙沙星对黑胸败血病菌和苏云金杆菌的MIC(mg/L)分别为 0 78和 0 39,MBC为 12 5和 6 2 5     

Autoserum preparation in the treatment of equine summer eczema: Findings over 12 years

Equine summer eczema, the most common allergic skin disease of the horse, is notoriously difficult to treat with available methods. In the present study, 343 horses were treated with an autogenous serum preparation made from their highly diluted sera. This work was a continuation of the earlier, randomised and placebo controlled study on the autoserum therapy that showed a significant, positive clinical effect and was carried out on a series of horses in 1997–98. The main aim of the present study was to collect long‐term information from the owners on this therapy. In the period from 1997–2008, 70% of the horses benefited from the treatment and 16% did not, while 14% of owners could give no clear opinion. After a 5 year follow‐up, horses treated with autoserum had significantly milder clinical signs of summer eczema than before this treatment. No harmful side effects were found. An autoserum preparation was shown to be a feasible alternative in the treatment of equine summer eczema.     

Vasopressin, cortisol, and catecholamine concentrations in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of vasopressin and cortisol and urinary excretion of catecholamines in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). ANIMALS: 15 dogs with clinical signs of DCM, 15 dogs with preclinical DCM, and 15 control dogs. PROCEDURE: Physical examinations, thoracic radiography, ECG, and echocardiography were performed on all dogs. Blood and urine samples were collected. RESULTS: Plasma concentration of vasopressin and the urine cortisol-to-urine creatinine ratio were significantly increased in dogs with clinical signs of DCM and dogs with preclinical DCM, compared with control dogs. Plasma vasopressin concentration was significantly higher in dogs with clinical signs of DCM, compared with dogs with preclinical DCM. Urine vasopressin-to-urine creatinine ratio was significantly increased in dogs with clinical signs of DCM, compared with dogs with preclinical DCM and control dogs. Urine epinephrine-to-urine creatinine ratio and urine norepinephrine-to-urine creatinine ratio were significantly increased in dogs with clinical signs of DCM, compared with control dogs. Plasma concentration of cortisol and urine dopamine-to-urine creatinine ratio did not differ significantly among groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: According to this study, the neuroendocrine pattern is changed in dogs with preclinical DCM. These changes are even more pronounced in dogs with clinical signs of DCM. Analysis of concentrations of vasopressin, cortisol, and catecholamines may aid in identification of the clinical stages of DCM. These findings may also provide a basis for additional studies of the possible beneficial effects of vasopressin antagonists and beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists in the treatment of dogs with congestive heart failure and DCM.     

Effects of dilated cardiomyopathy on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, atrial natriuretic peptide activity, and thyroid hormone concentrations in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) on activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the N-terminal fragment of proatrial natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP), and thyroid hormone concentrations in dogs. ANIMALS: 15 dogs with clinical signs of DCM, 15 dogs without clinical signs of DCM, and 15 age-, breed-, and sex-matched control dogs. PROCEDURE: Physical examinations, thoracic radiography, ECG, and echocardiography were performed on all dogs, and blood and urine samples were collected. RESULTS: Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), urine aldosterone-to-creatinine ratio, and NT-proANP concentrations were significantly increased in dogs with clinical signs of DCM, compared with dogs without clinical signs and control dogs. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and total thyroxine concentrations did not differ significantly among groups; however, free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations were significantly decreased in dogs with clinical signs of DCM, compared with control dogs and DCM-dogs without clinical signs. Concentrations of PRA, PAC, FT4, and urine aldosterone-to-creatinine ratio were significantly correlated, whereas plasma concentrations of NT-proANP only correlated with FT4 concentration. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In dogs with clinical signs of DCM, increased concentrations of components of the RAAS were associated with increased concentrations of NT-proANP Analysis of the neurohormonal system may aid in identification of clinical stages of DCM for groups of dogs, but the range is too great and there are too many dogs that have neurohormonal concentrations within reference ranges to assess dogs on an individual basis.