桑叶中的营养物质和生物活性物质

桑叶中丰富的营养物质和许多特有的天然活性物质，为桑叶生产大量安全的动物产品创造了条件。而我国丰富桑叶资源又使现代化的桑叶饲料商品化生产成为可能。1　桑叶的营养价值　　桑叶含有丰富的碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪酸、纤维素、多种维生素和矿物质元素。每100g干桑叶中含有可溶性碳水化合物25 g，植物蛋白15～34 g，氨基酸17.05～22.93 g，纤维素14.4 g，果胶12 g，有机酸3.5 g，阿拉伯聚糖7.4 g，戊聚糖3.8 g，粗脂肪6.15～9.8 g。1.1　桑叶中的氨基酸组成　　干桑叶用6 mol/L 浓度的HCl，充氮密封，于105℃温度下24 h后，用氨基酸…     

肉仔鸡饲喂鲜葱叶的试验效果

葱是一种栽培范围分布很广的重要蔬菜作物，在它的茎叶中含有丰富的多种营养物质。据北京市食品研究所进行化验分析的资料证明，在每１００克鲜葱中，含有维生素A０．０５毫克、维生素C２０．２毫克、蛋白质２．４克、脂肪０．３毫克、总糖８．６克、碳水化合物９．８克、钙４．６毫克、磷３９毫克、铁０．１毫克、各种氨基酸０．０２９８毫克。在食用上，人们主要食用其茎，而收葱后的葱叶，除少量嫩叶被食用外，大部分葱叶被废弃。但从日常养鸡实践中观察到，葱叶是鸡很喜食的一种青绿饲料和适口性好的营养性诱食剂。章丘大葱闻名国内外…     

当用药时再用药

养鸡防病要用一些药物，但用药时要有原则，没病的情况下，最好减少用药次数。现有一套用药方法推荐给大家。１日龄用“口服补液盐”饮水。４日龄饲料中加０．０４％的多酶片连用１５天－２０天。１５日龄饲料中加抗球虫药。３０日龄每百公斤饲料加碱１００克、痢特灵３６克、苄氨嘧啶２０克，连用３－５天。３５－３８日龄饲料中加抗球虫药３天－４天。６４－６８日龄饲料中加阿散酸，同时用广谱抗菌素饮水。９５－９８日龄饲料中加阿散酸，饮水中加广谱抗菌素。１００日龄饲料中加２－３倍量的维生素Ｅ指规定用量。１２５日龄青霉素每只４…     

不同粗纤维含量饲料对豁鹅雏鹅增重的影响

对０－１８周龄雏鹅饲喂不同粗纤维含量饲料，观察其对雏鹅增重，饲料报酬的影响，结果表明，０－４周龄雏鹅日粮中粗纤维含量以３．２４－４．０２％为宜；８－１１周龄时以４．２９％为宜；１５－１８周龄时，粗纤维含量达４．７２％对增重亦无不良影响。     

最佳饮水量可提高饲料转化率

最佳饮水量可提高饲料转化率英国普利茅斯大学畜牧系研究了牲畜饲养中饲料与饮水量的最佳比例关系，从而提高饲料转化率和禽畜增长速度。通过对猪的喂饲表明：如每公斤饲料中含８克钾时，饮水饲料比为２．９～３．３：１，含８～１４克钾时，饮水饲料比为３．４～４．０：...     

银大麻哈鱼饲料中的精氨酸需要量

银大麻哈鱼饲料中的精氨酸需要量对银大麻哈鱼投喂６种试验饲料，饲料中的精氨酸含量分别为３．５％和８．５％。日投饵量约为鱼体重的３．５％，试验鱼平均体重１．６克，养殖水温１５Ｃ，８周试验发现各组鱼的增重、摄食及成活率无显著差异，投喂试验饲料的鱼增重３６０...     

夏季高温季节泌乳奶牛饲喂马铃薯对产乳生产性能的影响

马铃薯是人们生活中的一种常用蔬菜，其营养极为丰富，据测定，每５００克鲜马铃薯蛋白质８．４克、脂肪３．１克、碳水化合物７０克、粗纤维６．２克、钙４８毫克、铁４毫克、胡萝卜素０．０４毫克、硫胺素０．４４毫克、核黄素０．１３毫克、尼克酸１．８毫克。马铃薯既是一种常用蔬菜，而且又是饲喂奶牛的一种极好的优质多汁块茎类饲料。尤其是在夏季高温季节，由于奶牛怕热不怕冷，当外界气温高于２８℃时，就会出现热应激反应，从而导致泌乳奶牛食欲低，采食量少，膘下跌，泌乳量和体质下降等。为减轻高温热应激对奶牛泌乳量的影响，我…     

瘦肉猪专门化父系杜洛克猪生长发育性能测定

对瘦肉猪专门化父系杜洛克猪０－３世代后备公、母猪共３９７头进行了生长发育性能测定。后备公、母猪生长发育良好，后期（４－６月龄）生长更快，三世代后备公母猪６月龄一重分别为８９．８和８５．４千克，体长为１１６和１１２厘米，胸围１０１和９８厘米，全高５８和５７厘米，活体背膘１．８８和１．９６厘米，后备公母猛进－６月龄日增重分别为６２０和５８８克，耗料指数３．１５和３．０１。     

鲜葱叶饲喂蛋鸡的试验效果

鲜葱叶饲喂蛋鸡的试验效果山东省章丘市畜牧局马玉胜葱是一种栽培范围分布极广的重要蔬菜作物之一，它的茎、叶含有丰富的各种营养物质，据北京市食品研究所化验分析，在每１００克大葱中，含有维生素Ａ０．０５毫克、维生素Ｃ２０．２毫克、蛋白质２．４克、脂肪０．３克...     

日粮中添加高剂量铜对肉用仔鸡生长和肝,粪铜浓度的影响

用１６４只１周龄ＡＡ肉用仔鸡进行的两次试验结果显示，在含铜８－１４ｍｇ／ｋｇ的玉米－豆饼日粮中，添加１２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ铜，提高４－７周龄平均增重７．１－１０．８＾，提高１－３周龄平均增重２．１－２．５％或６．２％，降低１－３周龄饲料／增重６．３－１５．３％，添加１２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ铜，对胸肌含水量无影响，明显提高了肝铜含量，但度不太大，由对照组的１３．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ提高到２３．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，而正常鸡肝含铜     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。