共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Tim Lang 《Agriculture and Human Values》1999,16(2):169-185
This article proposes a number of arguments about the contemporary food system. Using the UK as a case study, it argues that the food system is marked by tensions and conflicts. The paper explores different strands of public policy as applied to the food system over the last two centuries. It differentiates between various uses of the term globalization and proposes that the real features and dynamics of the new world food order are complex and neither as benign nor as homogeneous as some of its proponents allow. Opposition to the new era of globalization is emerging in the food system. This is already having some impact, questioning not just the products of the food system but the nature of its production and distribution. 相似文献
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Climate change adaptation,greenhouse gas mitigation and economic profitability of conservation agriculture: Some examples from cereal systems of Indo-Gangetic Plains 下载免费PDF全文
Achieving sustainability of the cereal system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains(IGP)of India under progressive climate change and variability necessitates adoption of practices and technologies that increase food production,adaptation and mitigation in a sustainable way.This paper examines conservation agriculture(CA)from the perspective of:(i)increased yield and farm income,(ii)adaptation to heat and water stresses,and(iii)reduction in greenhouse gas(GHGs)emissions.The analyses and conclusions are based on the literature and evidences from a large number of on-station as well as farmers’field trials on CA in the cereal systems of IGP.Our analyses show that CA-based system substantially reduces the production cost(up to 23%)but produces equal or even higher than conventional system;thereby increasing economic profitability of production system.CA-based production systems also moderated the effect of high temperature(reduced canopy temperature by 1–4°C)and increased irrigation water productivity by 66–100%compared to traditional production systems thus well adapting to water and heat stress situations of IGP.Our continuous monitoring of soil flux of CO2,N2O and CH4 revealed that CA-based rice-wheat systems emit 10–15%less GHGs than conventional systems.This is the first time that CA and its components are synthesized and analyzed from food security-climate change nexus.From this holistic analysis,we suggest that wide-scale promotion of suitable CA practices by integrating into national agriculture development strategy is a way forward to address food security,climate change adaptation and mitigation challenges faced by present agriculture. 相似文献
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Karl S. Zimmerer 《Agriculture and Human Values》2003,20(2):107-123
Farmers of the Peruvian Andesmake use of seed-size variation as a source offlexibility in the production of ``nativecommercial' farmer varieties of Andeanpotatoes and ulluco. In a case study of easternCuzco, the use of varied sizes of seed tubers isfound to underpin versatile farm strategiessuited to partial commercialization (combinedwith on-farm consumption and the next season'sseed). Use of seed-size variation also providesadaptation to diverse soil-moistureenvironments. The importance and widespread useof seed-size variation among farmers isdemonstrated in the emphasis and consistency oflinguistic expressions about this trait. Smalland small-medium seed is typically sown in thecommunity's ``Hill' unit of sub-humid,upper-elevation agriculture. Seed tubers ofmedium-size and larger are needed fordrought-stressed locales in lower-elevationlandscape units. Farm-level preferences for theseed-size of tubers also suggest potentialrelations to resource endowments of farmhouseholds and gender-related management,although these tendencies were notstatistically significant in the study. Anintra-varietal, landscape-environmentalperspective on seed-size management, whichincludes an emphasis on within-fieldversatility, helps to strengthen the researchsupport of local seed production in policiesand programs aiming for in situagrobiodiversity conservation, marketingcapacity, and food security. 相似文献
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《河北农业大学学报(农林教育版)》在传播、交流农林教育教学理论研究及实践成果方面起到了积极的推动作用。但随着高等农林教育的改革与发展以及期刊界日趋激烈的竞争,《河北农业大学学报(农林教育版)》还需运用科学发展观不断开拓创新,为农林教育版栏目确定新的方向:即深刻把握农林教育的内涵,《河北农业大学学报(农林教育版)》不仅要为高校的农林教育教学服务,还应服务于国家经济社会发展大局,为农村经济发展发挥重要作用;要用以人为本,全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观进行栏目策划,全面提升刊物质量,实现刊物的可持续发展。 相似文献
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Effects of land use/cover change (LUCC) on the spatiotemporal variability of precipitation and temperature in the Songnen Plain,China 下载免费PDF全文
Understanding the effects of land use/cover change(LUCC) on regional climate is critical for achieving land use system sustainability and global climate change mitigation. However, the quantitative analysis of the contribution of LUCC to the changes of climatic factors, such as precipitation & temperature(P&T), is lacking. In this study, we combined statistical methods and the gravity center model simulation to quantify the effects of long-term LUCC on P&T in the Songnen Plain(SNP) o... 相似文献
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平谷大桃是平谷区特色标志性农产品,具有较强的地域产业市场发展潜力。运用pest-swot矩阵模型分析疫情后平谷区桃产业发展现状以及影响桃产业产业链增加和高质量发展的瓶颈问题,为突破平谷区大桃产业振兴在新形势下出现产业集群“短板”提供重要参考依据。为推进平谷大桃产业高质量发展,提升大桃产业核心竞争力,提出三点对策建议:第一,引进人才梯次队伍,打造数字化桃农队伍;第二,协同共建拉长产业链,拓宽新业态新模式;第三,打造实施“三品一标”,提升美誉度品牌价值。 相似文献
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麦蒲螨(Pyemotes tritici)是油蒿根部钻蛀性害虫沙蒿尖翅吉丁(Sphenoptera sp.)和沙蒿大粒象(Adosopius sp.)重要的寄生性天敌。为解决其人工繁殖、贮存和运输问题,对麦蒲螨在不同寄主上的发育情况、低温条件下贮存的可行性以及在不同时间被剥离寄主后的产出情况进行研究。结果表明:麦蒲螨膨腹体显示出前期快速膨大,后期基本不变的增长规律;确定双条杉天牛(Semanotus bifasciatus)幼虫和黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)幼虫经-20 ℃冷冻24 h后,适宜作为麦蒲螨繁殖的替代寄主;初步明确在(26±1) ℃、RH为40%条件下,麦蒲螨发育5 d后的膨腹体在经过10 ℃低温长时间贮存和被剥离寄主后都能产生大量后代。 相似文献
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马鹿(Cervus elaphus)是国家二级保护动物,是重要的经济动物.我国马鹿资源丰富,分布在新疆的有塔里木亚种(C.e. yarkandensis)、阿勒泰亚种(C.e.sibiricus) 和天山亚种(C.e.songaricus)三个.近年来随着当地人口数量的增加,使马鹿栖息地的破碎化程度不断加剧、面积不断缩减、环境质量不断下降,严重影响了该地区的马鹿生存条件、种群结构、营养状况乃至遗传组成等,使之在生理、行为和遗传等方面发生了一系列的适应特征.根据文献资料系统的总结有关新疆马鹿各个方面的研究,提出未来的各种研究问题,为了有效的保护和利用新疆马鹿资源提供科学依据. 相似文献
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《Agriculture and Human Values》2005,22(1):123-123
Announcement
Announcing the Joint 2005 Annual Meetings of the Agriculture, Food, and Human Values Society (Afhvs) and the Association for The Study of Food And Society (Asfs) Theme: Visualizing Food and Farm 相似文献11.
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杉木半穿刺线虫病病原线虫是柑桔线虫Tylenchulus semiPenetrans).在福建一年发生10~12代,以卵囊和二龄幼虫在根部或根际土壤中越冬,二龄雌幼虫侵袭根部,完成一世代时间是3~5周。种群数量自然消长与土温有关,而主要与杉木根萌发期一致。虫口密度一年内出现两个高峰期,阳坡比阴坡高,随林龄增大而递增。线虫在土壤中垂直分布深度达1.2m,而虫口密度最大是分布20~60cm土层。卵囊的活卵率平均为85%,卵的孵化率在杉木浸汁液中是90%,在清水中是70%。在清水中从卵发育至雄成虫需46~55天,雌幼虫在根外不能发育成虫。卵的发育最高温度35℃,致死温度40℃,雌雄虫性比为56:1。 相似文献
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《Agriculture and Human Values》2001,18(3):463-464
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李思忠 《大连水产学院学报》1994,(Z1)
现在鱼类学家公认五须岩鳕属(Ciliata)仅北大西洋有2种。著者研究日本Matsubara(1955)记载曾在长崎发现的Motellapacifica有五须,认为也应归本属;并且发现采自山东半岛海域有一标本也属本属且是一新种,订名为张氏五须岩鳕(CiliatatchangiLi,sp.nov.);故可知五须岩鳕属现有4种,西北太平洋中国及日本海域各有一种。 相似文献
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采用三因子随机区组试验,研究了凤仙花品种、释放胡瓜钝绥螨和添加花粉对西花蓟马为害水平的影响.结果表明,凤仙花品种和释放胡瓜钝绥螨对西花蓟马的为害水平有显著影响,西花蓟马为害水平在品种'Impulse Orange'上明显高于品种'Cajun Carmine',西花蓟马为害水平在释放胡瓜钝绥螨处理下明显低于没有释放胡瓜钝绥螨处理,但高、低比例释放胡瓜钝绥螨对为害水平没有影响.是否添加花粉和添加花粉的时间对西花蓟马的为害水平没有显著影响. 相似文献
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目的 探讨醒斑银弄蝶Carterocephalus alcina Evans, 1939与其近似种的关系。方法 广泛采集醒斑银弄蝶及其近似种样本,基于形态特征、COI条形码及地理分布进行关系分析。结果 黄斑银弄蝶C. alcinoides Lee, 1962应是醒斑银弄蝶C. alcina的个体变异,故为其新异名;产自北京的2个银弄蝶标本与其近似种间的最小平均遗传距离为3.9%,在系统树上独立成支,前翅中室基部和后翅前缘中部有斑且后翅M1-2室斑延伸至外缘,为其独有;醒斑银弄蝶、北京支系、银弄蝶C. palaemon和黄翅银弄蝶C. silvicola呈高度支持的单系支。结论 黄斑银弄蝶是醒斑银弄蝶的新异名;产自北京的近似于醒斑银弄蝶的种群是一个新种,即长斑银弄蝶Carterocephalus longimaculatus Hou, Fan & Li sp. nov.。 相似文献
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福州地区菜缢管蚜抗药性监测及其生化机制 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
与网室相对敏感种群相比,福州市建新和闽侯县上街田间菜缢管蚜种群对甲胺磷、毒死蜱、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和阿维菌素均已产生高抗性,对甲胺磷、毒死蜱和阿维菌素的抗性水平达到36.3-56.5倍,对氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯的抗性水平则高达93-130倍;对吡虫啉的抗性为中等水平(20.0-21.4倍);对丁硫克百威相对较敏感,仅产生7.0-9.0倍的低抗性.总酯酶个体活性分布频率的测定结果显示,田间和网室种群总酯酶个体活性分布频率存在明显差异,建新和上街田间种群个体总酯酶活性显著高于网室种群,分别是网室种群的1.81和2.01倍.网室种群乙酰胆碱酯酶对敌敌畏和甲胺磷的双分子速度常数(K)值分别为建新田间种群的12.1和7.5倍,为上街田间种群的11.1和9.0倍. 相似文献
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纳米技术及其在木材科学中的应用前景(Ⅱ)--纳米复合材料的结构、性能和应用 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:10
综合介绍高分子聚合物纳米复合材料及木质纳米复合材料的结构和性能,通过纳米材料在塑料、建材、涂料等领域应用的分析,提出了纳米材料在木材科学中应用的设想。 相似文献
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纳米科技及其在木材科学中的应用前景(Ⅰ)--纳米材料的概况、制备和应用前景 总被引:5,自引:7,他引:5
综合介绍了近年来纳米粉体材料和纳米复合材料的制备,对木材/无机纳米复合材料研究进展进行了评述。通过纳米材料在木才、塑料、涂料等领域的应用,提出了纳米材料在木材科学与技术中的应用前景和发展趋势。 相似文献