毛竹叶片灰分含量及热值月动态变化规律研究

在福建省永春县,对毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)叶片的灰分含量、干重热值、去灰分热值月动态变化规律进行研究。结果表明:①毛竹成熟叶、老叶的灰分含量月变化趋势相似,毛竹成熟叶、老叶的灰分含量在秋季的10月至翌年春季的3月灰分含量较高,而春夏季相对较低;毛竹成熟叶的灰分含量在7.56%～15.91%之间,老叶的灰分含量在7.46%～16.67%,老叶的灰分含量显著高于成熟叶(P=0.0199)。②毛竹成熟叶、老叶的干重热值月变化趋势相似;成熟叶的干重热值在18.166～20.923 kJ.g-1之间,老叶的干重热值在18.581～20.249 kJ.g-1,老叶的干重热值与成熟叶接近;成熟叶的干重热值与灰分含量相关性不显著,老叶的干重热值与灰分含量具有显著的线性负相关。③毛竹成熟叶、老叶的去灰分热值月变化趋势相似;成熟叶的去灰分热值在20.061～22.962 kJ.g-1之间,平均为(21.670±0.720)kJ.g-1;老叶的去灰分热值在20.793～23.053 kJ.g-1之间,平均为(21.779±0.584)kJ.g-1;成熟叶的去灰分热值与老叶接近。     

毛竹和林下植被芒箕凋落物分解特征研究

[目的]探讨竹林与其林下植被凋落物叶之间相互影响的潜在机制,为合理经营管理毛竹林林下植被提供理论参考。[方法]采用原位分解袋法研究了四川长宁毛竹与林下植被芒箕凋落物叶分解和养分释放过程。[结果](1)芒箕凋落物叶初始C、N、P含量和羟基碳高于毛竹(P 0. 05),而C∶N、C∶P、烷基碳、氧烷基碳和芳香碳低于毛竹(P 0. 05)。(2)凋落物叶分解和养分释放速率芒箕整体高于毛竹,芒箕和毛竹分解常数(k)分别为0. 58±0. 03和0. 73±0. 02,C、N、P养分释放均表现为净释放。(3)凋落物叶混合对分解速率没有显著影响,但抑制了N、P元素整个分解周期和C元素中后期的释放。(4)凋落物叶分解过程中元素含量变化格局表现为C含量和C∶N比整体呈下降趋势,N含量和N∶P比有小幅上升,P含量有微弱的下降趋势,C∶P比呈波动性变化。(5)凋落物叶分解速率与土壤温度、初始凋落物叶N和P含量呈显著正相关(P 0. 01),与初始凋落物叶的C∶N和C∶P呈极显著负相关(P 0. 01),与土壤含水量相关不显著。[结论]单独分解过程中,毛竹凋落物叶分解速率低于林下植被芒箕,养分释放特征均表现为直接释放;混合分解过程中,毛竹和芒箕凋落物叶分解速率无显著混和效应,但养分释放的混合效应表现出一定负效应和不同阶段性。     

氮沉降和降水增加对榆树幼苗不同器官碳氮磷分配格局的影响

【目的】研究榆树幼苗C、N、P分配格局对氮沉降和降水增加的响应特征,为明确榆树对水氮环境变化的适应策略、培育高质量苗木提供参考。【方法】2015年4月末,将榆树幼苗(株高37.76 cm,茎粗0.44 cm)盆栽于风沙土(全C、N、P含量分别为4.52、0.31和0.11 g·kg~(-1))中。采用两因素(氮素和水分)随机区组设计,设置4个施氮处理梯度(施不施氮及添加5、10和15 g N·m~(-2)a~(-1))以及3个水分处理水平(自然降水、自然降水增加50%和增加100%),分析不同水氮处理下榆树幼苗叶、枝、茎、粗根和细根的C、N、P含量及计量比变化特征,探讨C、N、P元素含量的稳定性及其异速生长关系。【结果】施氮和增加降水对榆树幼苗不同器官N、P含量及比值均具有显著交互作用。随着施氮量增加,叶和细根C含量增加,枝、茎和粗根C含量保持稳定;各器官N含量及N∶P升高,C∶N降低;叶和茎P含量降低,叶、茎和细根C∶P增加。随着降水增加,叶和细根C含量下降,枝、茎和粗根C含量保持稳定;枝和茎P含量下降,C∶P和N∶P上升。而在不同氮沉降水平下,降水增加对各元素分配影响不同。当不施氮时,随着降水增加,叶N含量及N∶P增加,C∶N下降;叶、粗根和细根P含量先增加后减少,C∶P先降低后升高;细根N∶P先增加后降低。当施氮量为15 g N·m~(-2)a~(-1)时,随着降水增加,叶N含量下降,C∶N增加,N∶P无显著变化;叶、粗根和细根P含量下降,C∶P增加;细根N∶P逐渐增加。水氮添加处理下,幼苗C含量顺序为茎、枝和粗根叶和细根,N和P含量顺序为叶细根枝、茎和粗根。各器官元素含量及比值的变异系数不同,C含量变异系数为叶和细根枝、茎和粗根;N含量变异系数在叶和粗根中最大,在细根中最小;P含量变异系数在茎中最大,在叶中最小;C∶N变异系数为粗根叶、枝和茎细根,C∶P和N∶P变异系数为茎粗根和细根叶和枝;且各器官N∶P变异系数均高于N、P含量变异系数。幼苗叶、枝、粗根和细根中C与N含量具有显著异速生长关系,C与P含量在叶和粗根中呈显著负相关。各器官N与P含量间均呈显著负相关,异速生长指数在-0.534～-1.224之间。【结论】氮沉降可提高榆树幼苗叶和细根C含量、各器官N含量及N∶P、叶、茎和细根C∶P,降低叶和茎P含量、各器官C∶N。降水增加可提高枝和茎C∶P和N∶P,降低叶和细根C含量、枝和茎P含量,同时N利用效率降低,P利用效率提高。N含量稳定性在细根中最强,P含量和N∶P稳定性在叶中最强,N和P含量稳定性在各器官中均高于N∶P。     

毛竹向杉木林扩展过程中叶功能性状的适应策略

【目的】揭示毛竹和杉木叶功能性状变化规律,探索毛竹林扩展过程中毛竹和杉木叶片的适应特性和生存对策,为毛竹林合理调控与生态经营提供依据。【方法】沿毛竹向杉木林扩展方向设置3个10 m×50 m调查样带,每一样带平均划分为10个5 m×10 m样方,在每个样方内选取不同年龄的标准毛竹和杉木,选取叶片测定比叶面积(SLA)、叶干物质含量(LDMC)及叶片中碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量,并计算其比值。【结果】1)毛竹与杉木比叶面积(除Ⅰ度竹)与毛竹比例呈负相关关系,干物质含量与毛竹比例呈正相关关系。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ度平均比面积分别为291、215、207、213 m~2·kg~(-1),平均干物质含量分别为0.38、0.40、0.42、0.42 g·g~(-1),均显著高于杉木(115 m2·kg~(-1)与0.34 g·g~(-1),P0.05)。2)Ⅰ度竹和Ⅳ度竹叶片N、P含量随着毛竹比例增加呈增加的趋势,Ⅱ、Ⅲ度竹和杉木叶片N、P含量呈降低的趋势。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ度竹平均叶碳含量分别为46.5%、46.1%、45.5%和46.0%,氮含量分别为27.6、22.3、21.7和20.8 g·kg~(-1),磷含量分别为1.6、1.4、1.2和1.2 g·kg~(-1)。其中,毛竹叶氮、磷含量显著高于杉木(分别为13.6和1.0 g·kg~(-1))。3)毛竹SLA,LDMC与叶C、N、P含量,C∶N,N∶P等性状之间存在显著或极显著相关关系。【结论】毛竹叶片具有比杉木叶片更高的SLA和叶N、P含量,且其向杉木扩展过程中,不同年龄毛竹的SLA,LDMC与叶C、N、P含量及C∶N,N∶P等叶功能性状采取的适应策略不同,具有互补效应,能够比杉木更有效地利用资源。     

会同成熟杉木器官C∶N∶P生态化学计量的动态特征

【目的】植物不同器官的C、N、P含量及生态化学计量学的动态特征能反映其营养利用效率及生长环境相对的养分限制。本文针对30年生杉木林叶、枝、根C、N、P生态化学计量的季节动态进行研究,旨在剖析成熟杉木林各器官在不同季节养分元素的变化情况及器官之间的内在关联性,揭示成熟杉木林生态过程中养分元素的变化规律及其环境平衡关系,为杉木成熟人工林培育大径材培育提供理论支撑。【方法】以湖南会同生态站Ⅲ号集水区30年生杉木人工林为研究对象,测定不同季节杉木叶、枝、根的C、N、P含量及计量比,分析不同器官C、N、P含量及其生态化学计量比间的差异性,用CCA约束性排序对根、枝、叶之间的相关关系及不同季节下环境因子的影响进行分析。【结果】杉木相同器官的C、N、P含量及其生态化学计量比呈显著性季节变化(P 0.05),不同器官的生态化学计量比在相同季节间差异显著(P 0.05);叶、枝、根的C含量具有一致的变化规律,4月份最高,7月份最低,器官之间表现为根枝叶;叶、枝、根的N、P含量也均表现为10月份最高,7月份最低,器官之间表现为叶枝根;CCA分析表明植物器官的生态化学计量特征受季节变化影响较大;Ⅲ号集水区杉木叶、枝、根的C、N、P含量及生态化学计量之间均呈正相关关系;杉木生态系统整体的N素含量偏低,其生长主要受到N的限制,杉木林凋落物量相对较少,其凋落物的分解提供N素少,影响植物器官中N、P等营养元素的含量。【结论】30年生成熟杉木不同器官养分元素含量及环境因子对植物器官的生态化学计量特征均有影响,这一结果与普遍认为成熟期杉木的生长基本停滞的观点不同,证明了杉木到成熟期N、P作为植物生长过程中主要影响元素,其养分循环效率仍然很高,生长缓慢是由于N素限制。本研究为杉木林大径材培育和提高杉木林经济效益提供了数据支撑。     

中国亚热带4种林分类型凋落叶分解过程中~(13)C NMR波谱特征

【目的】旨在揭示不同结构碳组分在凋落叶分解过程中的作用机制。【方法】以浙江省临安玲珑山毛竹人工林、马尾松天然次生林、杉木人工林和青冈天然次生林凋落叶为研究材料,采用常规化学分析方法与固态13C核磁共振技术探讨其分解过程中的全C和全N含量及不同形态C化合物相对含量的变化。【结果】经12个月的分解,4种林分凋落叶的质量损失率表现为青冈天然次生林(53.80%)马尾松天然次生林(52.69%)杉木人工林(48.31%)毛竹人工林(41.17%);在分解过程中,凋落叶中的N含量逐渐升高,C含量和C/N比逐渐降低,烷氧碳的相对含量显著减少(9.34%~15.48%,P0.05),而芳香碳和羰基碳分别增加25.14%~37.37%和0.75~2.08倍(P0.05);凋落叶中的C含量与凋落叶质量残存率之间,C/N比与凋落叶质量残存率之间均极显著正相关(r=0.901 0~0.984 0,P0.01),而N含量与凋落叶质量残存率极显著负相关(r=-0.921 1~-0.983 1,P0.01),凋落叶中的烷氧碳相对含量与凋落叶质量残存率呈极显著正相关(r=0.808 2~0.962 2,P0.01),芳香碳相对含量与凋落叶质量残存率间、羰基碳相对含量与凋落叶质量残存率间均极显著负相关(r=-0.779 9~-0.936 6,P0.01),除马尾松人工林外,其他林分凋落叶的烷基碳相对含量与凋落叶质量残存率均无显著相关性。【结论】4种林分凋落叶中,青冈天然次生林凋落叶降解最快;在有机碳中,烷氧碳、芳香碳和羰基碳在凋落叶降解过程中起着决定性的作用;13C NMR波谱技术更利于监测凋落叶分解过程中不同结构碳组分的变化,从而更深刻认识凋落叶的分解机制。     

油松新生叶与老叶光合功能的比较

对油松当年生幼叶、当年生成熟叶、1年生老叶和2年生老叶的生理参数与光合效率进行测定的结果显示,不同叶龄的油松针叶叶绿素含量差异较大,其中1年生针叶的叶绿素含量最高,当年生幼叶叶绿素含量最低;随着叶龄的增大,叶绿素a/b逐渐下降。针叶蛋白质含量变化规律与叶绿素类似,但变化幅度较小。用叶绿素荧光技术探测了不同叶龄针叶的光合能力发现,当年生成熟叶的光合效率最高,1年生老叶光能捕获效率(TRo/CSo)、电子传递效率(ETo/CSo)以及功能指数(PI)略低于当年生成熟叶;2年生老叶的光合效率虽然急剧下降,但仍高于幼叶,说明幼叶还未发育成熟,光合功能还不完善。2年生老叶光合功能下降的原因主要是由于叶片质体醌库(Sm)和反应中心密度(RCs/CSo)减小,同时叶绿素含量和蛋白质含量下降所引起。这说明对油松生长贡献最大的是当年生成熟叶和1年生针叶,其次是2年生老叶,幼叶贡献最小,油松针叶的光合功能可维持3年。     

连作对欧美杨I-107叶片主要养分元素化学计量特征的影响

【目的】以期为合理经营连作欧美杨I-107人工林提供理论依据。【方法】以大汶河流域欧美杨I-107人工林为研究对象,分析一代、二代、三代连作欧美杨I-107人工林成熟叶和凋落叶主要养分元素含量计量特征。【结果】三代(连作2代)林成熟叶片的P和K含量显著低于一代林和二代林(连作1代)(P0.05),但一代林和二代林之间差异不显著,且连作对N素含量影响较小;连作增加了凋落叶中N,P,K含量,特别是三代林,进而导致三代林叶片N,P,K的回收率显著低于一代林和二代林(P0.05);此外,K的回收率显著大于N和P回收率;凋落叶中的C/N、C/P、N/P化学计量比普遍高于成熟叶;三代林成熟叶片的N/P和C/P显著高于其他2种林分,但3种林分成熟叶片中C/N差异不显著;随着连作代数增加,凋落叶片中的C,N,P化学计量比没有一致的变化规律,一代林凋落叶中N/P和C/P显著高于其他2种林分(P0.05),而二代林凋落叶中的C/N显著高于其他2种林分。【结论】总体而言,连作会降低成熟叶片P和K含量,增加凋落物中N,P,K含量,同时降低欧美杨I-107养分回收率,影响养分内循环。此外,连作能通过降低凋落叶中N/P和C/P,降低欧美杨I-107凋落物的分解速率,影响土壤C,N,P含量的变化。     

卧龙巴郎山川滇高山栎叶片营养元素的海拔梯度变化特征

本文通过对卧龙自然保护区不同海拔分布梯度上的川滇高山栎不同年龄叶片营养元素含量的研究表明:(1)当年生叶营养元素含量大小排序为NKCaPMg,分别为1.45%、0.75%、0.49%、0.17%和0.13%;N、P含量随海拔呈现先下降后升高的趋势,即在海拔2 400 m和2 800 m较低;K含量随海拔升高而升高;Ca、Mg含量随海拔升高而降低。(2)老叶营养元素含量大小排序为NCaKPMg,分别为1.08%、0.79%、0.40%、0.16%和0.11%;N含量随海拔升高而升高;P、K、Ca、Mg含量呈现先升高后下降的趋势,即在海拔2 400 m和2 800 m较高。(3)N、K、Mg含量呈现当年生叶比老叶高的趋势;P含量除2 600 m以外,老叶的含量比1年生叶低;Ca含量在海拔2 400 m以上出现老叶比1年生叶高,海拔2 000 m为1年生叶比老叶高;(4)N/P比值,当年生叶范围在7.83～9.50,随着海拔的升高而降低;老叶范围在5.25～9.00,具有随着海拔的升高先下降后升高的趋趋势。C/N比值,当年生叶范围在31.91～40.18,老叶范围在44.34～56.04,总趋势为随着海拔的升高而降低。P/K比值,当年生叶范围在0.20～0.28,老叶范围在0.31～0.48;当年生叶随着海拔升高呈现先降低后升高的趋势;老叶随着海拔升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势。K/Ca比值,当年生叶范围在0.83～3.91,老叶范围在0.39～0.65;当年生叶随着海拔的升高而增大,老叶随着海拔升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势。K/Mg比值,当年生叶范围在3.56～10.75,老叶范围在2.50～6.00,总趋势为随着海拔的升高而增大。     

不同生长期山核桃林碳氮磷生态化学计量特征

采用生态化学计量学原理,以人工山核桃林为研究对象,分析了山核桃林地土壤、山核桃细根、和山核桃叶的C、N、P化学计量学季节变化特征。结果表明,土壤有机C和N含量均是在7月表现最高,分别为42.00 g·kg~(-1)和1.75g·kg~(-1),P在6月最高,为1.31 g·kg~(-1);土壤C∶N、C∶P均是在10月叶凋落期最高。绿叶有机C在7月份最高,为497.30 g·kg~(-1),凋落叶中有机C为505.60 g·kg~(-1),明显高于绿叶。绿叶N和P含量最高分别在6月和5月,分别为23.27 g·kg~(-1)和2.28 g·kg~(-1),说明山核桃对N、P吸收的时间差异性。山核桃在不饱和脂肪酸合成关键期(8~9月),受到N限制。山核桃叶片C∶N和C∶P分别为26.41和310.56,高于全球植物平均水平22.5和232,说明山核桃对营养利用效率较高。山核桃N、P重吸收率分别为32.26%和15.48%,N重吸收率显著高于P重吸收率,明显低于全球水平的N、P重吸收率(约50%)。相关分析表明,增加山核桃林地土壤有机质含量,对于提升P含量有促进作用。     

Seasonal changes of nutrient levels and nutrient resorption in Avicennia marina leaves in Yingluo Bay,China

Avicennia marina is a typical mangrove species of subtropical coastlines of China. However, little is known about the retention of nutrients by this species in oligotrophic, coastal environments. In this study, seasonal changes in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, N:P ratio and total phenolic concentration in A. marina leaves during senescence were studied. Avicennia marina leaves had high N and P concentrations but the seasonal pattern of N concentration was different from that of P concentration. The A. marina forest was N-limited as the N:P ratio of mature leaves was less than 14. Nitrogen resorption efficiency was higher than P resorption efficiency, and the concentrations of N and P in senescent leaves indicated that N resorption was mostly complete whereas P resorption was incomplete. Avicennia marina leaves contained low tannin concentrations, particularly condensed tannins, as the leaf extracts did not react with acid butanol. Total phenolic concentrations were not correlated with N concentrations in mature and senescent leaves of A. marina. These findings suggest that the high N resorption efficiency and low nutrient losses play an important role in nutrient conservation strategies for A. marina forests, whereas low tannin concentations have limited effects on nutrient cycling.     

桉树不同成熟度叶片营养元素内循环特征

揭示桉树人工林不同成熟度的叶片器官所需营养元素变化以及土壤肥力对其影响,对于桉树营林和科学施肥具有重要的生产指导意义。选取广西隆安县小林镇和田东县思林镇的桉树2代萌芽林作为研究对象,测定两个人工林嫩叶、成熟叶、黄叶的C、N、P、K、B、Ca、Mg以及土壤C、N、P、K、Ca、Mg元素含量,并进行相关分析。结果表明,植物叶片的N、P、K、Mg营养元素转移规律是黄叶向成熟叶和嫩叶转移,但C、Ca、B营养元素则是随着叶片的生长发育逐渐积累,黄叶中含量最高,说明施肥时应关注Ca、B元素的持续和有效供给。两片人工林都表现出类似的规律,说明土壤肥力的差异不影响桉树人工林叶片营养元素的内循环规律。桉树嫩叶营养元素含量及其生态化学计量比学特征具有与成熟叶和黄叶不同的表征,在营养物质研究中应予以足够重视。     

杉木观光木混交林凋落物热值及灰分含量的季节动态分析

通过对福建三明 2 7年生杉木观光木混交林和杉木纯林凋落物的热值、灰分含量及其季节动态的分析表明 ,混交林中杉木凋落物各组分的干重热值介于 2 0 6 37～ 2 1 96 0kJ·g-1之间 ,观光木凋落物各组分干重热值介于 19 6 35～ 2 0 0 5 8kJ·g-1之间 ,杉木纯林凋落物各组分的干重热值介于 2 0 70 5～ 2 1 90 8kJ·g-1之间 ,各树种凋落物均以叶、花的热值较高 ,而果、枝的热值较低。观光木凋落物各组分的灰分含量高于杉木。杉木落叶灰分含量季节间变化均较小 ;而观光木落叶灰分含量的变化模式为 :夏季 >秋季 >春季 >冬季。杉木落叶干重热值和去灰分热值季节变化模式均为 :冬季 >秋季 >春季 >夏季 ,而观光木落叶则均为 :冬季 >夏季 >秋季 >春季     

Indicators of nitrogen conservation in Austrocedrus chilensis forests along a moisture gradient in Argentina

Plant nitrogen conservation which may affect, for instance, rates of litter decomposition, soil N mineralization and N availability is thought to vary along gradients of soil fertility. Since Austrocedrus chilensis is adapted to a wide moisture gradient, we hypothesed that different intensities of N conservation would be found depending on site characteristics. We studied four sites along a moisture gradient in the Andean–Patagonian Region of Argentina, representative of the three A. chilensis forest-types (marginal, compact and mixed forests), and measured the following indicators of N conservation: (i) carbon, nitrogen and C/N ratio in young, mature and senescent leaves, total soil litter and soil; (ii) lignin concentration and lignin/N ratio in senescent leaves and total litter, and (iii) potential soil N mineralization during a 16-week incubation. A. chilensis showed a strong capacity to conserve N: (i) low N concentration in both young and mature leaves (10 and 6.5 g kg⁻¹, respectively); (ii) high N resorption proficiency (5.1 g N kg⁻¹ in senescent leaves) and N use efficiency (200), and (iii) high values of C/N, lignin and lignin/N in senescent leaves (107, 250 g kg⁻¹ and 50, respectively), and total litter (36, 420 g kg⁻¹ and 33, respectively). Some indicators (resorption proficiency, C/N in senescent leaves and lignin/N in total litter) were independent of site characteristics, while others (N and C/N in green leaves and lignin in litter) showed significant differences, suggesting a higher capacity to conserve N in the intermediate sites of the gradient (compact forests). Contrary to expectations, the marginal forest (drier, less fertile soils) showed the lowest values of lignin in litter, the highest N concentrations in green leaves and the highest rates of potential N mineralization.     

Seasonal Changes in the Nutrient Concentrations of Leaves and Leaf Litter in a Young Cryptomeria japonica Stand

The leaves and leaf litter of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don was collected from April 1994 to March 1995 to describe the seasonal changes in nutrient concentrations in leaves and leaf litter. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations were in the order new leaves > old leaves > leaf litter, whereas calcium (Ca) concentration was in the order leaf litter > old leaves > new leaves during the whole year. N, P and K concentrations were at their highest during the new leaf growth phase, and then decreased as a result of the diluting effect and translocation, whereas Ca increased with time. Magnesium did not show any clear seasonal trend compared with other nutrients. N resorption efficiency was lower than P resorption efficiency. There were two nutrient resorption peaks, which could be attributed to high nutrient translocation to new leaves in the spring and to translocation from old leaves before senescence in the autumn. A significant correlation between N and P resorption was observed.     

Changes in respiration and chemical content during autumnal senescence of Populus tremuloides and Quercus rubra leaves

Changes in respiration rate, chemical content and chemical concentration were measured in leaves of field-grown Populus tremuloides Michx. and Quercus rubra L. trees throughout the growing season and autumnal senescence. Chlorophyll, soluble sugar, N, P, K and Mg contents and concentrations all declined during leaf senescence, whereas Ca content and concentration increased. Leaf dry mass per area declined 24 and 35% in P. tremuloides and Q. rubra, respectively, during senescence. In leaves of both species, respiration rates peaked during leaf expansion in the spring and then declined, as a result of reduced cytochrome-mediated respiration, to reach relatively constant rates by midsummer. In senescing P. tremuloides leaves, respiration rates remained relatively constant until mid-October and then declined rapidly. In senescing Q. rubra leaves, respiration rates increased in late September, as a result of the appearance of residual respiration that could not be reduced by respiratory inhibitors, and then declined quickly in early November. No changes in alternative pathway respiratory activity were observed in leaves of either species during senescence until late autumn when rates declined. Because respiration rates were correlated with both leaf sugar and nitrogen content during leaf senescence, we conclude that respiration rates were maintained or increased during leaf senescence to supply energy for degradation and mobilization of chemical constituents.     

Transfer of salt and nutrients in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza leaves during development and senescence

The life span of leaves in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, non-secretor of salt, can be divided into a leaf developing stage, a leaf functioning stage and a leaf senescing stage. The concentrations (mg/g) and the contents (mg/leaf) of Na and Cl increased at the leaf developing stage and remained almost constant at the leaf functioning stage. At the leaf senescing stage, the concentrations of Na and Cl increased markedly by 45 and 31% respectively, while their contents only increased by 16 and 4% respectively. The K/Na ratio remained constant at the leaf functioning stage, and decreased at the leaf senescing stage. During leaf senescence, there was a marked decline in leaf mass (20%) and in leaf area (15%). During senescence, 60% of its N, 48% of its P and 46% of its K was transferred out of the senescing leaf.     

Changes in the N and P concentrations,N:P ratios,and tannin content in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Casuarina equisetifolia</Emphasis> branchlets during development and senescence

Changes in the N and P concentrations, N:P ratios, and tannin content in Casuarina equisetifolia branchlets across a coastal gradient were studied at Chishan Forestry Center of Dongshan County, Fujian Province, China. (1) Total phenolics and protein precipitation capacity in young branchlets was significantly higher than in mature and senescent branchlets across a coastal gradient; extractable condensed tannin content was higher in young and mature branchlets than in senescent branchlets. Whereas protein-bound condensed tannins increased with senescence, fiber-bound condensed tannins fluctuated without a consistent pattern; (2) N and P concentrations at various stages of branchlet development across a coastal gradient followed the same order: young branchlets > mature branchlets > senescent branchlets; N:P ratio of young branchlets was the lowest, and increased with maturity and senescence across a coastal gradient; phosphorus resorption efficiency was significantly higher than nitrogen resorption efficiency among corresponding coastal gradients in response to P deficiency (high N:P ratio), but nutrient resorption efficiency was influenced by coastal gradients; (3) significant linear relationships between total phenolics and nutrient contents indicated that polyphenolics had a potential effect on nutrient cycling.     

广西主要树种热值研究

探讨树种不同器官间的植物热值规律,可为这些树种的能量特征和生态效率研究提供基础资料和科学依据。通过对广西12个主要树种不同器官的热值测定,结果表明：各主要树种的加权平均干重热值和去灰分热值分别在18.56～20.41 kJ/g和19.11～20.57 kJ/g;树种各器官热值表现为叶片含量最高,各器官热值含量顺序一般为叶〉枝〉皮〉干,或叶〉皮〉枝〉干;树种各器官的灰分含量在0.18%～14.48%,树种各器官灰分含量一般表现为叶〉皮〉枝〉干。