NAA和几种细胞分裂素对怀山药离体快繁的影响

主要探讨了三种嘌呤型细胞分裂素：呋喃氨基嘌呤（KT）、苄氨基嘌呤（BAP）和异戊烯基腺嘌呤（2ip）,对怀山药的两个品种：淮山药和凤山药离体培养的影响。结果表明：两品种在MS+KT2mg/L（单位下同）或2ip培养基上生长情况均较好,当附加NAA0.2时,一般可促进生根;但在培养基上,两品种差异明显,淮山药表现腋芽生长受抑制,而凤山药则易形成丛生芽,而当此培养基附加NAA0.2时,NAA与BAP可协同作用促进淮山药的腋芽生长,增加芽苗数,但对凤山药的生长则基本无影响。通过不同培养基对凤山药快繁效果的比较,筛选出MS+KT1+NAA0.2+0.1%活性碳为凤山药快繁较适宜的培养基。     

鸡冠花离体快繁及多倍体诱导

以鸡冠花顶芽为外植体,研究其离体快繁程序并在无菌体繁殖条件下探索了秋水仙素溶液不同浓度和时间处理对鸡冠花的诱变效应.快繁研究结果显示:最适初代培养基为MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.2 mg/L;以芽和茎段为培养对象诱导产生不定芽的最适培养基分别是MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.1 mg/L,MS 6-BA1.0 mg/L NAA 0.02 mg/L,最佳生根培养基是1/2 MS IBA 0.4 mg/L.采用浸泡法将鸡冠花营养芽在0.05%、0.1%、0.15%和0.2%不同秋水仙溶液浓度下分别处理12 h、24 h、36 h和48 h,并对诱导处理后获得的再生植株进行鉴定,得出以0.15%秋水仙素溶液浸泡36 h为诱导多倍体的最佳处理组合,诱导率达23.3%.     

赤桉优选株系离体培养和快繁技术优化的研究

对赤桉优选株系离体快繁技术进行了研究。结果表明:最适诱导培养基为MS BA0.5mg/L(以下单位同) NAA0.2 Vc3;增殖培养基为MS BA0.5 NAA0.1 IBA0.2;壮苗培养基为MS NAA0.1 IBA0.2;生根培养基为1/2MS NAA0.1 IBA0.5;太阳闪射光和壮苗培养有利于赤桉生根;最适pH为5.8—6.0;组培苗移栽基质以30%泥炭土 70%黄心土成苗最好。     

辣椒茎段离体扦插快繁技术研究

利用五彩椒茎尖培养进行快速繁殖周期短（40~50d）,且不存在基因型的差异,但增殖系数较低（每周期扩大1倍）。为了进一步扩大繁殖系数,克服其他外植体培养过程中基因型的影响,利用牛角椒的无菌种苗进行了辣椒茎段培养,筛选出了适宜的诱导茎段萌芽培养基和生根培养基。这两种培养基应用在不同来源的彩色辣椒无菌苗茎段,结果同牛角椒培养结果相似。最终试验结果表明适宜辣椒茎段离体扩繁的培养基为MS无机盐+改良MS有机物+NAA 0.1mg/L+IAA 0.2mg/L+CH 400g/L+AgNO3 3.5mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂7g/L和MS无机盐+改良MS有机物+IAA 0.5mg/L+GA3 0.25mg/L+CH 400g/L+AgNO3 3.5mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂7g/L;生根培养基为MS无机盐+B5有机物+NAA 0.1mg/L+IAA 0.2mg/L+AC0.2%+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂7g/L。利用茎段培养不仅大大缩短培养周期,而且可以克服基因型的影响,扩大繁殖系数,提高种苗生产的效率。     

结球甘蓝的离体快繁技术研究

以结球甘蓝无菌苗的胚轴和子叶为材料，几乎不生长愈伤组织，分化出不定芽。不定芽在添加6-BA的MS培养基上增殖很快，适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.5mg/L+ NAA0.1mg/L。通过增加培养基中糖和琼脂粉的用量，提高培养时的光照强度等有效控制了玻璃苗的产生。     

华佳8号葡萄的离体繁殖技术

葡萄(Vitis vinifera)是一种容易扦插成活的果树，常规扦插繁殖是经济有效的，组织培养技术难以与之竞争。但是长期的扦插繁殖，葡萄品种退化严重，尤其在多雨地区易受病虫感染，严重影响葡萄生产。但组织培养技术可用于新品种的快速繁殖，降低繁殖成本，在葡萄品种的更新上有很大意义。国内外已有利用茎段、叶片、茎尖和花药等组织和器官为材料进行离体培养获得愈伤组织和芽苗的成功经验，但不同品种之间存在着很大的差异。     

胡杨离体快繁技术研究

研究了影响胡杨离体快繁若干因素。选出最适合胡杨离体快繁的外植体为春季解除休眠的冬芽；启动培养基为MS 6-BA0.1mg/L NAA0.05mg/L，萌动率达75.4%；继代增殖培养基为MS 6-BA0.1mg/L KT0.5mg/L NAA0.5mg/L，此配比浓度产生胡杨有效苗最多；而以1/2MS为基本培养基，添加1.5-2.0mg/LIBA有利于胡杨组培苗生根。     

非洲菊组培快繁及雌核离体诱导技术研究进展

介绍了非洲菊组织培养快繁和雌核离体诱导技术的研究进展,着重综述了离体雌核诱导的主要影响因素及取得的研究进展,并对其在品种选育中的应用前景进行了展望。     

Effect of in vitro propagation methods on field performance of two strawberry cultivars

Summary Strawberry cultivars, Redcoat and Veestar, propagated by meristem culture (MC), callus culture (CC) and direct shoot regeneration (DR) from leaf disks were compared for their vegetative and reproductive characters with standard runner (SR) propagated plants under field conditions. In the planting year, in vitro propagated plants of both cultivars had the same number of leaves as SR plants, but in vitro propagated Redcoat produced fewer stolons per plant than SR plants. However, in the following year, in vitro propagated mother plants of both cultivars had more leaves and higher runner production than SR mother plants. Flowering and fruiting behaviour of Veestar was not appreciably influenced by in vitro propagation methods. However, in vitro propagated plants of Redcoat flowered earlier and produced more flowers and fruits than SR plants, but still maintained normal berry weight. Among in vitro propagated plants, DR plants of Redcoat were the earliest to flower, whereas MC plants produced more flowers and fruits. The field performance of the first daughter plants derived from the in vitro propagated plants was consistent with their respective mother plants. Leaf shape of both cultivars was not altered by in vitro propagation. Phenotypic abnormalities were mainly confined to occurrence of yellow leaf variants in MC and CC plants and occasional appearance of plants with irregular flowering and growth habit among CC plants.NRCC No. 38004     

蝴蝶兰花梗腋芽离体快繁控制褐变的研究

摘要：褐变是蝴蝶兰离体培养中的常见现象,本试验尝试探寻蝴蝶兰花梗腋芽离体快繁过程中有效控制其褐变的方法,诱导丛生芽。试验证明：带腋芽花梗节段褐变程度比腋芽要轻;适当的暗培养有利于减轻外植体的褐变;细胞分裂素KT比BA的褐变症状要轻,但丛生芽的诱导率不如BA;适当添加一定剂量的PVP、活性炭、柠檬酸等可减轻褐变,柠檬酸、PVP效果比活性炭显著,为特色花卉的工厂化生产提供参考。     

中原两季作区脱毒马铃薯种薯高倍快繁技术

通过马铃薯茎尖培养获得脱毒苗 ,再试管快繁脱毒植株 ,在防蚜温室育苗盘微繁 ,获得脱毒小型薯 ,并繁殖 3～ 4代 ,即成为生产用脱毒种薯。目前 ,山东省种植的脱毒种薯是利用微型脱毒小薯在高寒地区繁殖几代后运回 ,成本比普通种薯高 ,但推广脱毒种薯一般比未脱毒马铃薯增产 50 %。苍山县种子公司在推广脱毒薯的同时 ,在规定使用年限内研究高倍快繁和防止蚜虫重新传毒等项技术 ,使种薯退化速度减慢 ,保持繁种和推广的高质量 ,高效益。现将研究结果介绍如下 :1　脱毒马铃薯特点以鲁引 1号为例 ,脱毒马铃薯生长势强 ,比未脱毒薯增加株高 2 5%、…     

In vitro propagation of Japanese garden iris,Iris ensata Thunb.

Summary Explants of young scapes of Iris ensata were cultured on MS medium with 1 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l 6-BA, 30 g/l sucrose and 10 g/l agar, and this species was characterized by high variety specificity for callus, shoot and root induction. Among 23 varieties and one wild form tested, Okichidori, Miyukisudare and Meiji-l exhibited a considerable rate of shoot induction, although these induced poorly rooted shoots. In addition, two types of callus induction such as green and white calli were observed, and the induction of green-type calli was significantly correlated with that of shoots. Surprisingly, the only modification, half-strength MS inorganic salts, for the above medium proved to be very effective for shoot induction in the scape culture. For shoots obtained from the scape culture, effects of sucrose concentrations and activated charcoal on root induction were examined by using 1/2 MS with 1 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l 6-BA, 30 g/l sucrose and 10 g/l agar as the basic medium. The addition of 1% activated charcoal to the media had a marked effect for root induction independent of sucrose concentrations and varieties tested. The in vitro propagation technique of I. ensata is discussed.     

老参地土壤改良的研究进展

老参地问题一直多年来困扰人参栽培及产业发展的瓶颈,为给老参地改良提供理论基础和参考,从有机肥料、生物制剂、轮作等方面对老参地改良进行了综述,提出了增施有机肥料,调节土壤养分,调节微生物群落结构是改良老参地的核心技术,此外,采取人参和西洋参短期的轮作也是改良老参地的有效方法之一。当前研究出安全有效的修复老参地的技术是人参产业发展非常重要的任务。     

植物人工种子的研究概况

种子是种子植物所特有的有性繁殖器官.种子的结构一般由胚、胚乳和种皮三部分组成.从来源上讲,自然界中正常的植物种子分为两类:一类是植物经过受精作用后由胚珠发育形成的;另一类是植物不经过受精作用由不定胚直接发育形成的.人工种子是Murashige于1978年在国际园艺植物学术讨论会上首先提出的,它是指将植物离体培养中产生的体细胞胚或能发育成完整植株的分生组织(芽、愈伤组织、胚状体等)包埋在含有营养物质和具有保护功能的外壳内形成的在适宜条件下能够发芽出苗的颗粒体.完整的人工种子包括体细胞胚、人工胚乳和人工种皮.     

茶树倍性育种研究进展

茶树是中国重要的经济作物,自60年代以来,茶树育种一直是中国茶树研究工作的重点。为了给茶树育种工作提供新的种质资源,取得育种工作的突破性进展,国内外广泛开展了关于其多倍体育种的研究。笔者从多倍体的获得和鉴定方法两方面综述了茶树多倍体育种技术的研究进展,提出要加强多倍体诱导效率和新型诱导剂的研究,指出嵌合体是目前多倍体育种中普遍遇到的问题,茶树离体再生频率及遗传转化体系的构建,对于茶树嵌合体的分离及茶树多倍体离体诱导技术的建立具有重要意义。并分析了茶树多倍体研究的优点和未来发展前景。     

空气微生物的研究进展

空气中广泛分布着细菌、真菌、放线菌和病毒等生物粒子。空气微生物是生态系统重要的生物组成部分,它们与生态平衡直接相关,并在物质循环中起着重要作用。空气微生物不仅具有极其重要的生态功能,还与空气污染,环境质量和人体健康密切相关。本文综述了空气微生物的定义和性质、国内外研究进展、空气微生物的研究方法,并对空气微生物的研究前景进行了展望。     

Genetic diversity associated with in vitro and conventional bud propagation of Saccharum varieties using RAPD analysis

Polymorphisms in the genomic DNA of eight varieties maintained by conventional bud propagation (via rhizomes) and by in vitro shoot tip cultures were detected by RAPD analysis of sugarcane varieties. The study estimated the genetic diversity induced after in vitro multiplication of these varieties. Higher (28.9%) and lower (12%) numbers of polymorphic bands were detected in plants propagated via rhizomes; the genetic similarity estimate varying from 0.63 to 0.80. Plants of SP90‐3723 and SP91‐1049, or RB85‐5113 and SP90‐3723, varieties involving greater genetic distances may be indicated as progenitors in breeding programmes. In vitro multiplication of RB86‐7515, RB85‐5113, RB83‐5054 and SP86‐42 varieties increases genetic variability, while in vitro multiplication of SP91‐1049, SP90‐1638, RB92‐8064 and SP90‐3723 leads to genetic similarity. Results show that the RAPD technique is an effective tool for detecting polymorphism in sugarcane clones and it allows quick collection of the necessary information (more genetically divergent plant varieties) to guide new crossing in sugarcane breeding programmes.     

芋艿脱毒研究进展

芋艿（Colocasia esculenta（L.）Schott）又称芋头,是天南星科芋属的多年生草本植物。原产于中国、印度、马来半岛等热带沼泽地区,在我国已有2000多年的栽培历史。由于营养丰富,产量高,