湖南省蔬菜根结线虫发生及种类鉴定

对湖南省蔬菜主产区的根结线虫病发生与危害程度进行了系统调查,结果显示蔬菜根结线虫病发生普遍,大棚蔬菜发病率高达80%,露地蔬菜发病率也在10%左右。对采自湖南省内10种蔬菜作物上的23个根结线虫种群进行了种类鉴定。采用2龄幼虫测量值、会阴花纹形态特征、PCR法及序列测定相结合的方法进行了鉴定,结果表明南方根结线虫是湖南省蔬菜根结线虫病的优势病原种群,占87%。     

番茄抗性品种与黄瓜轮作对根结线虫的防治作用

通过室内盆栽试验探讨对根结线虫具有不同抗性的番茄品种与黄瓜轮作减轻根结线虫病危害的可行性。试验结果表明:抗性品种多菲亚能极大降低土壤中根结线虫2龄幼虫和卵的密度,减轻黄瓜根结线虫病的危害;抗性砧木Beaufort也能显著地降低土中根结线虫和卵的密度,但下茬黄瓜根结线虫的危害与对照相比没有显著差异。表明抗性品种与感病品种轮作能有效地防止根结线虫的发生。     

大棚蔬菜根结线虫的发生与防治

<正>近年来大棚根结线虫的发生普遍且呈不断上升趋势,其为害已超过细菌性和病毒性病害,已经成为制约大棚蔬菜可持续发展的技术瓶颈。据山东寿光蔬菜产区调查,发生根结线虫的大棚占到80%以上,尤以葫芦科、茄科等作物发病重     

5%克线丹颗粒剂防治黄瓜根结线虫田间药效试验

近年来,由于蔬菜逐年连作线虫病发生越来越严重。由线虫特别是根结线虫危害引起的根结线虫病,不仅缩短蔬菜采收期,降低产量,而且影响蔬菜的品质,降低其经济价值,严重时甚至绝收。黄瓜等瓜类作物是根结线虫病为害最为严重的作物。为了明确5%克线丹颗粒剂对黄瓜根结线虫的防治效果,我们开展了田间试验,现将结果报告如下。     

棚室黄瓜根结线虫病的防治

近年来,随着棚室蔬菜栽培面积的扩大,黄瓜根结线虫病的发生逐年加重,甚至造成棚室毁种。黄瓜根结线虫寄主范围广,除危害黄瓜外,还可危害番茄、青椒、芹菜、大白菜等３０多种蔬菜。一、症状识别黄瓜根结线虫病主要危害黄瓜根部,表现为侧根和须根较正常增多,并在幼嫩的须根上形成     

溴甲烷土壤熏蒸防治春季大棚黄瓜土传病害

溴甲烷土壤熏蒸防治春季大棚黄瓜土传病害袁会珠齐淑华（中国农业科学院植物保护研究所北京１０００９４）近年来，塑料大棚蔬菜发展很快，极大地丰富了我国人民的菜篮子。但由于大棚温室的连年种植，土传病虫害发生越来越重，在一些地区黄瓜枯萎病、黄瓜根结线虫病等病害...     

大棚蔬菜主要根病及防治对策

随着大棚蔬菜连作年限的延长,蔬菜根部病害发生为害日趋严重,如蔬菜根结线虫病、黄瓜根腐病、黄瓜疫病、茄黄萎病等,都是较难防治的根部病害。种植4年以上的大棚,根部病害发病率高达80％以上,产量损失一般在30％以上。     

4种药剂处理土壤防治设施黄瓜根结线虫的效果

为探索北京通州设施黄瓜根结线虫药剂防治技术,选择了4种药剂分别进行土壤处理,调查并比较各处理对大棚内黄瓜根结线虫病及根结线虫的防治效果。发现供试药剂处理土壤后对根结线虫均具抑制作用。其中,99%二甲基二硫醚土壤熏蒸剂26.68 kg/667m^2处理和40.02 kg/667m^2处理对根结线虫病的病指防效达80%以上,较空白对照增产超过100%;20%异硫氰酸烯丙酯可溶液剂3 kg/667m^2处理和5 kg/667m^2处理的病指防效在70%左右,较对照增产60%以上。     

新疆设施蔬菜根结线虫病发生调查及病原鉴定

对新疆蔬菜根结线虫病的发生情况进行了调查,发现蔬菜根结线虫在和田、阿克苏、库尔勒、吐鲁番、伊犁等南北疆设施蔬菜上均有分布和发生危害,露地蔬菜尚未见发生。从各发生地温室中采集14份蔬菜根结线虫样本,寄主主要是番茄,另外还有豇豆、黄瓜、生菜、香芹、苦瓜。采用形态学以及根结线虫特异性引物PCR相结合的方法进行鉴定,结果表明新疆设施蔬菜上有南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)和北方根结线虫(M.hapla)两种,优势种群为南方根结线虫。     

蔬菜根结线虫对黄瓜枯萎病发生的影响研究

在蔬菜根结线虫病发生严重的蔬菜区，黄瓜，西红柿、茄子等作物的枯萎病发生也较重，据调查病林率轻的为20％，重的达50％以上，甚至成片枯死。为了探明蔬菜根结线虫（在江西主要是南方根结线虫Meloidogyneincognita，其次是爪哇根结线虫M．javanica和花生根结线虫M．arenaria）与蔬菜枯萎病之间的关系，自1993年4月至6月，用茄苗根结和黄瓜枯萎病菌对黄瓜进行了接种试验，现将试验结果报道如下：一、材料与方法1．供试土壤取林间坡地疏松土壤，经121～126℃灭菌1h备用。2．供武商条黄瓜种子经1000倍60％防霉宝浸1h后捞起，播种。3，供试…     

内蒙古赤峰市保护地蔬菜根结线虫种类鉴定

正根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp.)广泛分布于世界各地,是影响我国农业生产最大的一类植物病原线虫,寄主植物有3 000多种,可侵染几乎所有的蔬菜作物,其中,茄科(Solanaceae)、葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)和十字花科(Brassicaceae)等蔬菜受害最重~([1])。常见的根结线虫种类有南方根结线虫     

AM真菌和根结线虫互作对黄瓜生长及生理特征的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了丛枝菌根真菌Arbuscularmycorrhiza（AM）和南方根结线虫Meloidogyneincognita互作对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理特征的影响。结果表明,预先接种地表球囊霉Glomusversi—forme再接种线虫处理的鲜、干重较只接种线虫的处理显著增加;预先接种AM真菌再接种线虫处理的根结线虫病情指数、AM真菌侵染率较只接种线虫的处理明显降低;接种线虫使黄瓜植株的过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）及苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、总酚含量有不同程度提高,其中预先接种根内球囊霉G．intraradices对黄瓜植株起到了较好的保护作用;与对照相比,只接种线虫处理的叶片磷含量降低了25．26％,预先接种AM真菌再接种线虫处理的叶片磷含量较只接种根结线虫的含量高。     

真菌Sr18代谢产物对根结线虫胁迫下黄瓜叶片保护酶的影响

为探究根结线虫胁迫下丝状真菌Sr18代谢产物对黄瓜的作用机理,采用温室盆栽及人工接种试验,研究了不同浓度的Sr18代谢产物对南方根结线虫胁迫下黄瓜叶片保护酶的影响。结果表明,线虫侵染黄瓜根部以后,黄瓜叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性减弱,PPO和PAL浓度降低。施加不同浓度的Sr18代谢产物,能够使线虫胁迫下的黄瓜叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性增强,使PPO和PAL的含量增加,说明Sr18代谢产物能够提高黄瓜的保护酶活性与含量,增强黄瓜对南方根结线虫的抗性。     

酸黄瓜南方根结线虫病抗性的解剖学及其细胞学研究

为探明酸黄瓜南方根结线虫病抗性的内在机理,以抗病材料酸黄瓜与感病材料北京截头为试材,对南方根结线虫侵入与幼虫发育、根的解剖学及线虫侵入诱导形成的取食位点的细胞学结构进行了比较研究。结果表明,抗病材料酸黄瓜根系中线虫侵入率极显著低于感病材料北京截头(P0.01),酸黄瓜能够有效抵抗南方根结线虫的侵入;抗、感材料根系中雌雄虫个体比例分别为1∶12和1∶5(P0.01),抗性反应能够抑制线虫取食和幼虫发育;酸黄瓜根的解剖结构与普通栽培黄瓜相似,酸黄瓜的根不具有结构抗性;抗病反应中细胞发生过敏性坏死,感病反应中无此类现象发生。抗侵入、抑制取食和坏死反应是抗病材料酸黄瓜抗性反应的主要特征。     

不同氮素对根结线虫及土壤微生物的影响

为筛选根结线虫控制技术,采用传统平板法和Biolog ECO生态板评价了液氨、氨水和碳酸氢铵3种氮素对根结线虫及土壤微生物的影响。结果表明,等氮条件下液氨处理杀线虫效果最好且黄瓜产量最高,氨水次之。液氨用量在375.0 kg/hm~2的条件下,对黄瓜根结线虫的防效达到71%,和10%噻唑膦颗粒剂(GF)45.0 kg/hm~2处理相比效果没有显著差异(79.9%)。种植前,细菌数量、AWCD值、Shannon指数、McIntosh指数和Simpson指数均随着液氨用量的增加而减少,随着氨水和碳酸氢铵用量的增加而增加;但所有处理均显著降低了土壤真菌的数量。黄瓜收获后,土壤细菌数量、真菌数量、AWCD值、Shannon指数、McIntosh指数和Simpson指数均随着氮素用量的增加而提高,且高于空白处理和10%噻唑膦GF 45.0 kg/hm~2处理。以上结果说明,液氨、氨水和碳酸氢铵不但可以作为土壤肥料,也可以作为一种高效、低价和生态化的根结线虫防治剂进行推广应用。     

Control of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in Hungary1

Under Hungarian climatic conditions, root-knot nematodes, and other phytoparasitic nematodes, generally cause damage in certain plant growing areas. These pests are present in glasshouses throughout the country. In the field the nematodes occur in sandy soil in the vegetable-growing areas of southern and central Hungary. The following species of root-knot nematodes have so far been reported to occur in Hungary: Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, M. hapla, M. javanica, M. incognita acrita, M. thamesi and M. naasi. There are 10 specific nematicides registered for nematode control in the country. These chemicals are mainly applied in glasshouses where their use produces most economic return. Nematoderesistant cultivars are only available in the case of tomato. The nematodes cause the heaviest damage on glasshouse cucumber.     

我国蔬菜根结线虫发生、致害和绿色防控研究进展

根结线虫是威胁我国蔬菜生产的最重要病原物类群之一，寄主达3 000多种，每年造成的蔬菜损失价值高达5亿美元，目前缺乏安全高效的防治方法。近年来，随着保护地蔬菜种植面积的增加，根结线虫病对我国蔬菜生产的危害逐年加重，因此必须加强对蔬菜根结线虫病发生、致害和防治的深入研究。该文对近10来年我国根结线虫的发生分布和危害、主要种类、鉴定和快速诊断方法、成灾规律、与植物的互作及机理、绿色防控等方面的研究进展进行综述，并展望我国根结线虫的研究趋势。     

Evaluation of chemical and integrated strategies as alternatives to methyl bromide for the control of root-knot nematodes in Greece

Current environmental awareness has led to a greater demand for alternative nematode control strategies. Three field experiments were established to compare management tactics on cucumber in commercial greenhouses naturally infested with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp). Cucumber rootstocks which have shown resistance to soil-borne diseases were tested to reveal any resistance/tolerance to root-knot nematodes, and integration of these rootstocks with nematicides was investigated. Metham-sodium and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) provided good control of nematode populations when their application was followed by the application of a non-fumigant nematicide such as cadusafos or oxamyl. Neither fumigant could provide season-long control of nematode populations, and a further application of cadusafos was required for satisfactory control. The efficacy of metham-sodium was significantly increased when injected into soil in comparison with its application through the drip irrigation system. The use of rootstocks resistant to soil-borne fungal pathogens used together with chemical means of nematode control provided promising results for their further use in integrated strategies as alternatives to methyl bromide. However, the latter was the superior treatment for the control of root-knot nematodes in soil infested with residues of galled roots. Dazomet, metham-sodium nor the non-fumigant nematicides oxamyl and fenamiphos could reduce nematode population as efficiently as methyl bromide. None of the chemicals tested except methyl bromide could enter galled roots and kill surviving nematodes.     

Efficacy of a formulated product containing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quillaja saponaria</Emphasis> plant extracts for the control of root-knot nematodes

The nematicidal effect of a formulated product containing extract from Quillaja saponaria was evaluated against the root-knot nematodes. The product QL Agri® 35 (QL) was tested to record the effect on second stage juveniles motility, egg hatch and also against field populations in greenhouse experiments contacted in three different locations of Greece. Convulsive movement of second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita was recorded after exposure for 8 days at a series of doses, while the most paralyzed juveniles were counted at the dose of 8 mg l^?1. There was also a gradual decrease in the number of juveniles emerging from egg masses of the same nematode species when the dose of Q. saponaria was increased from 0 to 8 mg l^?1. In greenhouse experiments, the use of Q. saponaria could control root-knot nematodes and prevent nematodes increase in soil. The present study demonstrates that the use of Q. saponaria extract has the ability to control root-knot nematodes. Control given by Q. saponaria in field populations infecting cucumber was similar to that of cadusafos (Rugby®) and oxamyl (Vydate®) under the tested dosages and the specific conditions of the experiments.