乌鲁木齐市部分宠物犬犬新孢子虫病的流行病学调查

为了调查乌鲁木齐市部分宠物犬犬新孢子虫病的感染情况,应用新孢子虫间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测新农大动物医院、自治区畜科院动物医院、乌鲁木齐市宠美康动物医院等3家动物医院的共29份犬血清,结果显示5份犬血清呈临床阳性,感染率为17%,说明在乌鲁木齐市的家养宠物犬中存在新孢子虫病感染。因本区以畜牧业为主,该病对畜牧业的危害较严重,并且犬新孢子虫是否感染人类,目前尚无定论,但国外曾有人感染犬新孢子虫病的报道[1],所以更加重视犬新孢子虫的检疫工作。     

桂林市犬猫弓形虫感染情况调查

本实验旨在了解弓形虫病在桂林犬猫体内的感染情况,2015年6月—2016年7月,在广西桂林市的4个动物医院以及2市场屠宰犬猫的屠宰点随机抽取犬猫血清223份,进行弓形虫病的流行病学调查。结果:223份犬猫血清中阳性8份,感染率为3.59%。其中猫血清111份,阳性5份,感染率为4.50%;犬血清112份,阳性3份,感染率为2.68%。宠物医院中调查的犬猫数量分别为65和87,阳性样本分别为1份和3份,感染率为1.54%和3.45%;市场调查的犬猫数量分别为47和24,阳性样本均为2份感染率为4.26%和8.33%。本调查结果表明,桂林部分犬猫中被弓形虫感染,土种犬猫的感染率高于宠物犬猫。     

新疆部分城市宠物犬肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解新疆城市宠物犬肠道寄生虫感染情况,笔者采用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对新疆5个城市的477份宠物犬粪便样本进行了检查。结果显示,113份样品呈肠道寄生虫虫卵/卵囊阳性,总感染率为23.7%。共检出7种(类)寄生虫虫卵或卵囊,以球虫为优势感染虫种,感染率为13.8%;蛔虫感染率次之,为9.2%;隐孢子虫,圆线虫,钩虫,鞭虫及带科绦虫感染率分别为0.6%、2.7%、0.4%、0.2%和0.2%。在宠物店内饲养犬的肠道寄生虫感染率较高,为33.2%;宠物医院及犬舍内宠物犬的肠道寄生虫感染率分别为14.7%和8.5%。雄犬感染率(26.0%)高于雌犬感染率(21.7%);6月龄以下,7～12月龄,1岁以上宠物犬的感染率分别为30.9%、20.5%和3.8%,随年龄增长呈递减趋势。调查结果表明,应进一步加强宠物犬肠道寄生虫的驱除工作和公共卫生知识宣传。     

温泉县部分奶牛的新孢子虫病和布氏杆菌病血清学调查

为了探究温泉县奶牛流产病因,对采自温泉县4个不同地区的81份血清样品分别进行新孢子虫病和布氏杆菌病检测,其中新孢子虫病应用rELISA方法检测,布氏杆菌病的检测参照国标,被检的81份血清样品中8份血清呈新孢子虫抗体阳性,阳性率为9.88%。其中安格里格乡感染率为18.75%,哈日布呼镇感染率为7.14%,蒙进感染率为0%,塔秀乡感染率为13.04%。没有检出布氏杆菌阳性血样和新孢子虫和布氏杆菌病二者混合感染的流产奶牛血样。检测结果表明:新孢子虫是导致该地区奶牛流产的重要原因之一。     

北京地区犬猫弓形虫和新孢子虫感染的检测与分析

了解犬、猫弓形虫和新孢子虫感染情况,应用SPA-ELISA和ICT对2008-2011年间收集的北京地区137份流浪猫、186份宠物猫和763份宠物犬及其他部分省市的57份乡村犬进行血清抗体检测;同时,提取猫及部分犬的血样DNA,分别扩增弓形虫和新孢子虫特异性基因片段。结果显示,流浪猫和宠物猫弓形虫抗体阳性率分别为24.1%(33/137)和13.4%(25/186),宠物犬和乡村犬分别为14.5%(111/763)和24.6%(14/57),不同来源的犬或猫抗体阳性率差异显著(P0.05);流浪猫和宠物猫的新孢子虫抗体阳性率分别为7.30%(10/137)和6.45%(12/186),宠物犬和乡村犬分别为6.06%(8/132)和10.5%(6/57),差异均不显著(P0.05)。宠物猫和流浪猫基因检测的阳性率分别为3.65%和2.15%,差异不显著(χ2=0.22,P0.05);132份宠物犬和29份乡村犬基因检测阳性率分别为18.2%和6.90%,差异显著(P0.05)。血液中虫体特异性基因检出率低于血清抗体检出率。宠物犬和宠物猫弓形虫和新孢子虫感染随着年龄增加呈上升趋势,但各年龄段差异不显著(P0.05)。     

青海省乌兰县牧羊犬犬新孢子虫病的血清学调查

用犬新孢子虫的重组蛋白GST-NcSAG1t作为ELISA诊断抗原,对青海省乌兰县的部分牧羊犬进行了犬新孢子虫病的血清学调查。经过对所收集的80份牧羊犬血清的检测,共检出犬新孢子虫病阳性血清25份,阳性率为31.25%。结果表明青海省乌兰地区的牧羊犬中存在犬新孢子虫感染。     

洛阳地区宠物犬隐孢子虫病分子流行病学调查

为了解河南省洛阳市宠物犬感染隐孢子虫情况,试验采集宠物医院、宠物养殖场和宠物店的犬只粪便样品362份,其中<3月龄犬只粪便样品93份,4～6月龄犬只粪便样品103份,6月龄～1岁犬只粪便样品71份,>1岁犬只粪便样品95份。对采集的粪便样品提取DNA,设计隐孢子虫SSU rRNA基因引物,对DNA样品进行巢氏PCR扩增。PCR扩增得到的阳性产物测序后进行同源性分析及遗传进化分析。结果表明：宠物犬隐孢子虫总感染率为4.42%,其中宠物店犬的感染率最高,为8.16%,宠物医院、宠物犬养殖场和宠物店间隐孢子虫感染率差异不显著(χ²=1.88,P>0.05);<3月龄犬的感染率为9.68%,显著高于其他年龄群(1.05%～3.88%,χ²=9.14,P<0.05);16份样品SSU rRNA序列与国内分离于动物及人体的犬隐孢子虫核苷酸相似性为97.4%～100%,其中与河南省犬源分离株(登录号EU754832)、广东省人源分离株(登录号KC734571)和犬源分离株(登录号MN696800)的核苷酸相似性达100%;16...     

青海省格尔木市乳牛新孢子虫病的血清学调查

用重组蛋白GST-NcSAG1t作为ELISA诊断抗原,对格尔木市乳牛犬新孢子虫病进行了调查.结果,从 35份乳牛血清样品中检出犬新孢子虫抗体阳性血清4份,阳性率为11.42%.检测结果说明,青海省格尔木市饲养的乳牛牛群中存在犬新孢子虫感染.     

青海省海西地区山羊和绵羊犬新孢子虫病的血清学调查

用犬新孢子虫的重组蛋白GST-NcSAG1t作为ELISA诊断抗原,进行了青海省海西地区山羊和绵羊群中犬新孢子虫病的血清学调查。经过对所收集的120份绵羊血清和531份山羊血清抗体的检测,共检出绵羊阳性血清10份,山羊阳性血清36份,其阳性率分别为8.33%和6.78%。说明青海省海西地区的绵羊和山羊群中存在犬新孢子虫的感染。     

209例宠物犬冠状病毒病流行病学调查

为了解河南省郑州地区宠物犬冠状病毒(canine coronavirus,CCoV或CCV)病流行病学情况,对2015年3月—2016年3月在郑州某大型动物医院就诊的209份疑似病例进行调查。结果发现,宠物犬CCoV病的感染率为42.31%;纯种犬感染率高于杂种犬,公犬高于母犬;CCoV病一年四季均可发生,但春季和秋季感染率最高;CCoV病主要感染90日龄以内的幼犬,随着年龄的增长感染率降低。调查结果表明,在郑州地区宠物犬对犬冠状病毒病的感染率较高,应引起足够的重视。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。     

Efficacy of parvaquone in the treatment of naturally occurring theileriosis in cattle in Iraq

Summary Parvaquone was tested in cattle infected withTheileria annulata when they were presented at clinics in the vicinity of Baghdad. Out of over 200 cases presented with suspected theileriosis between July 1984 and July 1985, the drug was used in 45 cases where theileriosis was confirmed by microscopic examination of blood and lymph node biopsy smears. Twenty seven of the cases were considered mild and 18 cases severe. Weights of the cattle were estimated and parvaquone was administered by intramuscular injection at a nominal dose of 20 mg/kg. A single treatment with parvaquone was used in 25 cases and 20 cases were treated twice but there was no correlation between severity of disease and the number of treatments given. Twelve cases (27%) also received antibacterial therapy. All cases were in exotic cattle or cattle born from exotic (imported) cattle and 64% of the cases were in cattle under six months of age. Temperatures dropped immediately after treatment and the majority were normal (below 39.5°C) by two to three days after the first treatment. Of the 45 cases treated 43 recovered. This compares very favourably with a previously reported mortality of 66% in untreated imported cattle in Iraq.

---

Eficacia Del Parvaquone En El Tratamiento De La Theilerosis Natural En Ganado En Iraq

Resumen Se trató ganado infectado conTheileria annulata en forma natural con parvaquone, en clínicas veterinarias localizadas en la vecindad de Baghdad. De 200 casos admitidos con sospecha de theileriosis, entre julio 1984 y julio 1985, la droga se usó en 45 casos confirmados mediante el examen microscópico de frotis de sangre y biopsias de ganglios linfáticos. Veintisiete de los casos se consideraron moderados y 18 casos severos. Se estimaron los pesos de los animales enfermos, suministrandoles parvaquone vía intramuscular en dosis nominales de 20 mg/kg (rango 16–35 mg/kg). Se utilizó un solo tratamiento con parvaquone en 25 casos clínicos, mediante la aplicación de una sola inyección y se aplicaron dos inyecciones en 20 casos (doble tratamiento), sin que se encontrara correlación alguna entre la severidad de la enfermedad, recuperación y número de tratamientos. Doce casos (27%) recibieron también algún tratamiento antibacteriano. Todos los casos de theileriosis se presentaron en ganado exótico o nacido de ganado exótico (importado) y 64% de los casos ocurrieron en ganado bajo los seis meses de edad. La temperatura bajó inmediatamente después del tratamiento, normalizándose dos o tres días después de tratamiento (bajo 39.5°C). De los 45 casos tratados 43 se recuperaron. Se informa una mortalidad previa de 60% en ganado importado no tratado contra theileriosis en Iraq.

---

Efficacite De La Parvaquone Pour Le Traitement De La Theileriose Naturelle Des Bovins En Irak

Résumé La parvaquone a été essayée pour le traitement de bovins infectés parTheileria annulata lorsqu'ils étaient présentés aux cliniques des environs de Bagdad. Sur plus de 200 cas présentés pour suspicion de theilériose entre juillet 1984 et juillet 1985, le médicament a été utilisé dans 45 cas où la theilériose était confirmée par l'examen microscopique du sang et de biopsies de ganglions lymphatiques, 27 cas étaient considérés comme des atteintes modérées et 18 comme des cas graves. Les poids des animaux étaient estimés à l'oeil et la parvaquone administrée par voie intra-musculaire à la dose normale de 20 mg/kg (soit 16 à 35 mg/kg). Un traitement unique à la parvaquone a été pratiqué dans 25 cas et il a du être renouvelé dans 20 cas mais il n'y avait pas corrélation entre la gravité des symptômes et le nombre de traitements requis. Dans 12 cas (27%) une thérapie antibactérienne a également été mise en oeuvre. Tous les malades étaient des animaux importés ou issus d'animaux importés et dans 64% des cas les animaux étaient âgés de moins de 6 mois. Les températures ont chuté immédiatement après le traitement et, pour la plupart, étaient normales (moins de 39°5) deux à trois jours après le traitement—sur 45 animaux traités, 43 ont guéri. Ces résultats apparaissent très favorables par rapport à la mortalité de 66% rapportée antérieurement et affectant les bovins non traités en Irak.