J亚群禽白血病多发性肿瘤的病理改变与POR检测

两个规模化商品蛋鸡场发病鸡群临床解剖显示：脚部和翅膀有血管瘤、肌肉组织内出现纤维肉瘤,肿大的肝、脾出现髓细胞瘤;经组织病理学观察符合J亚群禽白血病（ALV-J）的病理学特征。针对ALV—J保守序列P27基因设计特异引物,建立PCR方法,从出现病理改变的各组织脏器、各多发性肿瘤中以及血液中均检测到ALV-J,证实该病为以髓细胞瘤,血管瘤和纤维肉瘤为主的多发性肿瘤传染病。对扩增产物序列进行测定后,与原型株序列进行比较,核苷酸同源性为98．27％,从分子水平上证明为J亚群禽白血病,用PCR检测进一步验证J亚群禽白血病毒的感染机制和引起鸡群的病理改变。     

J亚群禽白血病多发性肿瘤的病理改变与PCR检测

两个规模化商品蛋鸡场发病鸡群临床解剖显示:脚部和翅膀有血管瘤、肌肉组织内出现纤维肉瘤,肿大的肝、脾出现髓细胞瘤;经组织病理学观察符合J亚群禽白血病(ALV-J)的病理学特征。针对ALV-J保守序列P27基因设计特异引物,建立PCR方法,从出现病理改变的各组织脏器、各多发性肿瘤中以及血液中均检测到ALV-J,证实该病为以髓细胞瘤、血管瘤和纤维肉瘤为主的多发性肿瘤传染病。对扩增产物序列进行测定后,与原型株序列进行比较,核苷酸同源性为98.27%,从分子水平上证明为J亚群禽白血病,用PCR检测进一步验证J亚群禽白血病毒的感染机制和引起鸡群的病理改变。     

J亚群禽白血病病毒引发蛋鸡多种肿瘤类型的病理分析

本试验对J亚群禽白血病病毒引发商品蛋鸡发生多种肿瘤进行了详细的病理学观察。尸检10只病死鸡,其中髓细胞性白血病占8/10,表现肝脾明显肿大,被膜下可见弥散的灰白色结节,组织学观察发现几乎所有组织均见典型髓细胞样瘤细胞增生。其中5/10病例表现有其他类型肿瘤,包括血管瘤、纤维瘤、脂肪肉瘤。用ALV-J特异性引物H5/H7进行PCR确诊该鸡群感染了ALV-J。     

致蛋鸡髓细胞瘤型ALV-A病毒株的分离与鉴定

正禽白血病是由禽白血病病毒引起的严重危害我国养鸡业的重要肿瘤性疾病。不同亚群的禽白血病病毒可以引起鸡淋巴细胞瘤、髓细胞瘤、血管瘤、成红细胞瘤等多种类型肿瘤发生,A、B亚群主要引起鸡经典的淋巴细胞瘤,J亚群禽白血病病毒主要引起髓细胞瘤、血管瘤为主的肿瘤~([1])。过去十几年给我国养鸡业造成了巨大威胁,而其他亚群的禽白血病病毒引起病例报道较少。近年来,随着各种外在条件的变化,禽白血病病毒不同毒株和不同亚群之间交叉重组时有发生,     

鸡白血病及其综合防控措施

近两年来,全国各地蛋鸡场在开产后发生白血病/血管瘤的病例报告普遍显著上升,且在互联网上广泛流传。病毒分离鉴定表明,这二年在蛋鸡开产后发生的白血病/血管瘤主要是由J亚群禽白血病毒引起。实际上,J亚群禽白血病毒引发髓样细胞瘤早在上世纪90年代就随引种传入我国,先是给我国白羽肉鸡带来了很大的损失,又进一步传入我国地方品系三黄鸡和蛋用型鸡。     

1株诱发血管瘤的ALV-J的分离鉴定及其囊膜基因的进化分析

【目的】了解湖北某黑羽蛋鸡场J亚群禽白血病(J-avian leukosis)的来源及其囊膜基因进化趋势,为湖北地区禽白血病流行病学调查提供资料。【方法】运用病理学、ELISA和Multi-PCR方法对疑似血管瘤型J亚群禽白血病病毒(J-Avian leucosis virus, ALV-J)病例进行实验室诊断,制备病毒液接种DF-1细胞进行病毒分离及间接免疫荧光试验(indirect immunofluorescence assay, IFA)检测,并通过DNAStar等软件分析该毒株囊膜蛋白编码基因。【结果】病例呈现典型血管瘤病变,p27抗原检测呈阳性,Multi-PCR出现ALV-J特异性条带,IFA结果显示特异性荧光,表明分离到1株ALV-J,命名为HB2021017。分离株HB2021017囊膜蛋白ENV、膜表面糖蛋白SU、跨膜蛋白TM与所引用的ALV-J毒株中的髓细胞瘤型毒株、髓细胞瘤和血管瘤混合型毒株、血管瘤型的ALV-J毒株的氨基酸序列相似性逐步升高。系统进化树分析显示,分离株HB2021017的env基因与中国地方品种鸡群中分离的诱发血管瘤的ALV-J毒株亲缘关系最近...     

蛋鸡髓细胞瘤型白血病的诊断

贵州省开阳县某蛋鸡场进入育成阶段后,鸡群整体消瘦、贫血和发育不良,59 d后开始出现不正常死亡,至71 d时死亡率达1.3%.经流行病学和血清学调查、病理学观察和分子生物学鉴定,确诊鸡群感染J亚群禽白血病病毒并发生髓细胞瘤型禽白血病.调查发现,感染鸡群死淘率显著增加,生产性能严重下降.     

IMC10200株ALV-J实验诱发禽骨髓性白血病的研究

对分离自肉种鸡群亚临床感染的J亚群禽白血病病毒IMC1o200株进行了实验感染诱发禽骨髓性白血病的病理学研究.IMC10200株J亚群禽白血病病毒尿囊腔接种11日龄肉鸡胚和SPF蛋鸡胚,孵出后跟踪观察.9周龄时随机抽检感染鸡,感染肉鸡特异引物PCR检测全部为阳性;组织病理学观察感染鸡无明显病变.至21周龄时感染肉鸡出现第一例典型骨髓性白血病病例;感染SPF蛋鸡未见明显J亚群禽白血病相关病变.     

三黄鸡临床多发性肿瘤相关的J亚群禽白血病病毒的分离鉴定及其病理学观察

为研究蛋鸡多发性肿瘤的病因,本实验对病鸡肿瘤组织进行病毒分离、培养及PCR检测,均扩增出针对J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)gp85基因序列的阳性条带;组织病理学观察显示发病鸡呈现髓细胞瘤、血管瘤以及纤维肉瘤等多发性肿瘤的病理变化;肿瘤细胞通过血液转移、浸润,在肝和脾组织形成局灶性或弥漫性肿瘤病灶。免疫组化染色显示肿瘤组织内,部分肿瘤细胞呈现阳性反应,表明只有部分肿瘤细胞存在ALV-J感染,而大部分肿瘤细胞检测结果呈阴性。这些病毒检测为阴性的肿瘤细胞可能是正常细胞转化为肿瘤细胞大量克隆化增殖的结果。     

禽白血病病毒J亚群自然感染商品蛋鸡致瘤性新特征

2009年8月,山东省邹城市某海兰褐蛋鸡群,160日龄发病,死亡率为7％.患鸡经大体剖检、病理组织学、PCR和免疫组织化学等检测,确诊为禽白血病病毒J亚群(ALV-J)感染.病理组织学检测发现,病鸡单独患血管瘤,或髓细胞瘤和纤维肉瘤多发性出现,由ALV-J自然感染引起同一鸡体出现髓细胞瘤和纤维肉瘤尚属国内外首次报道.肝脏研磨接种DF-1细胞培养7d后传3代,细胞无病变,ELISA检测感染细胞上清ALV p27抗原阳性,进一步确诊此鸡群为ALV感染.对病变严重的鸡进行病毒分离及ALV-J gp85基因同源性比较显示与原型株HPRS-103的同源性最高,达94.1％.本研究丰富了ALV-J感染的临床诊断依据,并为ALV-J在我国蛋鸡群中多潜能致瘤机制的研究提供了科学基础.     

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.