RAPD分析技术在家蚕品种鉴定实践中的应用

对重庆市一生产夏芳X秋白普种的蚕种场所生产的蚕种,按表型分为四类.利用RAPD技术,分别对每个品种基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,得到其指纹图谱,与标准夏芳、秋白、夏芳X秋白进行比较,取得与形态观察一致的结果.说明了RAPD技术在DNA水平上鉴别家蚕种质是可行的.     

家蚕幼虫氟中毒和质型多角体病毒感染后血淋巴中几种维生素含量的变化

运用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术测定了家蚕五龄幼虫氟中毒和质型多角体病毒(CPV)感染后血淋巴中几种水溶性维生素含量的变化.为研究家蚕氟中毒和CPV感染的机理提供了依据.     

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY-GUIDED PERCUTANEOUS BIOPSY IN THE DOG AND CAT: DESCRIPTION OF TECHNIQUE AND PRELIMINARY EVALUATION IN 14 PATIENTS

A technique for computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous biopsy described for use in humans was adapted to the dog and cat and is evaluated in 14 patients. Nine retrobulbar, 1 cranial mediastinal and 4 pulmonary masses and 1 hilar lymph node were biopsied in 13 dogs and 1 cat. Tissue samples sufficient for diagnosis were obtained in 12 of the 15 lesions. Diagnoses were made following cytologic (3/12) or histopathologic (3/12) evaluation or both (6/12) and included retrobulbar lymphoma, carcinoma, spindle cell sarcoma and suppurative inflammation; pulmonary carcinoma, granuloma and eosinophilic/histiocytic inflammation; nasal carcinoma, thymoma and metastatic carcinoma of a hilar lymph node. In each patient, the needle tip was identified within the lesion on the CT image. The primary limitation was non-diagnostic samples in 3 of 15 lesions due to necrosis or insufficient tissue. Complications were minor. In addition to biopsy guidance, CT imaging provided information not obtainable with fluoroscopy or ultrasonography which assisted in tumor staging and therapy planning. Although a larger number of patients and biopsy locations would be required for a thorough assessment, the free-hand technique described in this preliminary report appeared to be a safe and useful option of biopsy guidance in the dog and cat.     

EVALUATION OF CONTRAST‐ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY AS A METHOD FOR DETECTING GALLBLADDER NECROSIS OR RUPTURE IN DOGS

Gall bladder necrosis and rupture are life‐threatening conditions in dogs requiring surgical intervention and early diagnosis is essential. Human patients with suspected gall bladder necrosis/rupture are commonly evaluated with contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), however this procedure has not been described in dogs with suspected gall bladder necrosis/rupture. In a prospective diagnostic cohort study, CEUS (using SonoVue contrast medium) was performed in 93 dogs with gallbladder lesions identified by abdominal conventional ultrasonography. Necrosis/rupture was identified by CEUS as a focal lack of enhancement of the gallbladder wall. Dogs with positive CEUS finding for necrosis/rupture (complete lack of regional wall enhancement) underwent immediate surgery as did dogs with other biliary disorders requiring surgery. Dogs with negative CEUS findings or those not requiring surgery were managed medically. In cases undergoing surgery, necrosis/rupture was confirmed intraoperatively (and via histopathology). Absence of necrosis/rupture was confirmed either intraoperatively (via histopathology) or was assumed to be absent by complete recovery with medical management. Forty‐nine dogs underwent surgery and cholecystectomy: 24 had necrosis/rupture. CEUS was more accurate (100% sensitive and specific) in diagnosing gallbladder wall necrosis/rupture than conventional ultrasonography (75% sensitive and 81% specific) (P < 0.03). In conclusion, CEUS provides accurate characterization of gallbladder wall integrity that can impact decisions regarding clinical management, either surgical or medical.     

家蚕粘液腺分泌物形成的电镜观察

为了解家蚕粘液腺分泌物形成及释放的特征，对粘液腺枝状部横断面的超微结构作了观察。结果表明，粘液腺枝状部合成的分泌物质，经粗面内质网到达高尔基器，形成具有界膜包被的分泌颗粒，在微绒毛区以膜融合方式释放到分泌管的袋状部中，再进入腺腔。     

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SPLENIC NODULAR LIPOMATOSIS OR MYELOLIPOMAS IN CHEETAHS (ACINONYX JUBATUS)

A total of 44 live cheetahs were examined sonographically between 1989 and 1994. Seventeen of these animals originated from 4 European facilities, the other 27 cheetahs were examined in 3 facilities in Namibia. Evaluation of the cheetahs included a clinical examination, abdominal ultrasound, and complete blood work. Splenic myelolipomas were diagnosed sonographically in 11 cheetahs. In 7 cheetahs the diagnosis was confirmed at necropsy. Nine of the 14 cheetahs in Europe had myelolipomas in the spleen, while in the African cheetahs there were only 2 animals with myelolipomas. Histologically these lesions were characterized by fatty nodules. A more fitting term of Nodular Lipomatosis of the spleen is therefore suggested. All cheetahs with nodular lipomatosis of the spleen, had concurrent chronic diseases at necropsy. An indicator function of splenic nodular lipomatosis for chronic disease and/or stress is possible.     

DOPPLER SONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE DIGITAL BLOOD FLOW IN HORSES WITH LAMINITIS OR SEPTIC PODODERMATITIS

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of Doppler ultrasonography to monitor vascular blood flow dynamics in defined diseases of the equine digit in a noninvasive way. Doppler sonography was used to evaluate medial digital artery blood flow in eight horses with septic pododermatitis and four horses with laminitis in comparison with 10 horses of a control group. Doppler sonographic measurement and lameness examinations were performed in lame horses before treatment (day 0) and at 3, 6, and 9 days following treatment. Before treatment, blood flow velocities, arterial diameter, and flow volume were significantly higher in the lame horses, while pulsatility indices (PIs) were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference of resistive indices (RI) in the septic pododermatitis group, but these indices were significantly lower in the laminitis group. No significant difference between the two lame groups was recorded. After treatment, blood flow velocities and flow volume decreased significantly and PIs increased significantly in both lame groups, while RI and arterial diameter did not change. No correlation between Doppler parameters and the degree of lameness was found. Doppler sonography can be used to monitor vascular blood flow dynamics in horses suffering from septic pododermatitis and laminitis, while blood flow velocities and PI can serve as parameters for monitoring the course of the disease.     

瘤胃尼龙袋法测定常用饲料过瘤胃淀粉量及淀粉瘤胃降解率

以9头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古半细毛羯羊为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法对玉米淀粉、玉米、麸皮、豆粕、麻粕、棉籽粕、苜蓿干草、羊草、肋麦野豌豆、玉米秸等10种常用饲料的过瘤胃淀粉量及淀粉瘤胃降解率进行了比较研究。结果表明,各种饲料的过瘤胃淀粉量(g/kg)依次为417.85、404.84、226.31、62.04、110.56、108.61、73.50、50.87、47.55、24.43;其淀粉瘤胃降解率%依次为60.95、50.47、61.70、80.19、65.57、61.01、53.15、64.23、70.40、73.65。     

应用羊粪液取代瘤胃液两级离体消化试验的探索

应用羊粪液法和瘤胃液法两级离体消化试验的配对比较,通过七次不同日期所做的配对试验,测得同一种标准苜(?)草粉干物质消化率平均值分别为56.40±1.78％和56 64±3.53％,两音差异,(?)著、P>0.05)。测得32种饲草的干物质消化率平均值(?)为52.54±10.16％和50 12±10.74％,差异亦不显著(P>0.05)。瘤胃液法测草消化率(Y)和羊粪液测得相应结果(X)呈高度相关(r 0.97,P<0.01)。它(?)回归方程为:Y=1.022x-0.598 n=32,RSD=2.77。上述结果可为羊粪(?)的体外消化试验的完善和应用提供参考。     

吖啶橙免疫荧光菌团法对肉品和鲜乳中小肠结肠耶氏菌快速检出的实验研究

对应用吖啶橙免疫荧光菌团法(培养法和沉淀法)快速检出小肠结肠耶氏菌的敏感性和特异性进行了实验研究,进而应用先增菌再菌团法的检测程序,对肉品模拟标本和198份肉品和鲜乳实际样品进行了检测,并与常规分离培养法作了对比,证明菌团法于13.5×10~2～10~3个攻/ml以上时,出现典型荧光菌团,与13种杂菌不形成菌团交叉;与杂菌比在1:400以下菌团形成不受干扰;与常规培养法的阳性检出率无显著差异(P>0.05);40h以内即可获得结果,较常规分离培养时间(一般4d左右)大为缩短。     

利用体外法研究豆粕型日粮添加烟酸对绵羊瘤胃发酵的影响

本试验培养底物及瘤胃液供体动物日粮为玉米 -豆粕型日粮 ,实验用瘤胃液来自3只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的绵羊 ,体外实验按不同烟酸添加剂量分为13个试验组 (0、50、150、250、350、400、450、500、600、700、800、900、1000mg/kg) ,每个试验组4个重复。在体外培养24小时后 ,测定培养液中NH3-N、瘤胃细菌N产量、原虫数量、总VFA产量及乙酸、丙酸、丁酸产量和乙酸/丙酸值 ,用以确定在该氮源日粮条件下 ,添加烟酸对瘤胃发酵的影响 ,并对烟酸适宜添加范围进行了研究。实验结果表明 ,在豆粕型日粮来源培养底物中 ,烟酸适宜添加范围为450～600mg/kg。