粤椒1号辣椒种子纯度的RAPD检测研究

在分子标记鉴定蔬菜作物种子纯度的理论体系和技术体系指导下，对粤椒1号辣椒种子纯度进行了RAPD检测研究。结果表明，通过对200余个随机引物的筛选，发现特异引物P1、P2可应用于粤椒1号辣椒种子纯度的检测；对1份种子样品进行了RAPD检测，其结果与田问种子纯度检测结果完全一致。     

甜瓜分子标记纯度鉴定研究

以2个甜瓜品种西域雪1号、西域雪2号及其亲本为试材,建立并优化了单粒种子DNA快速提取法和适合甜瓜的RAPD、SSR分子标记杂交种纯度鉴定体系。从100条随机引物中筛选出G17用于西域雪2号纯度鉴定,可有效区分母本和杂交种。从19对SSR引物中筛选出9对稳定扩增、多态性丰富的引物构建西域雪1号、西域雪2号的SSR指纹图谱。SSR分子标记用较少引物即可扩增出品种特异性条带,且多数F1代带型呈双亲互补,非常适合种子纯度鉴定。同时,使用高浓度、非变性的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、银染,条带更清晰,可区分只相差1个碱基的扩增片段,同RAPD相比,SSR分子标记更适合甜瓜杂交种纯度快速鉴定。     

罗汉果性别相关的SCAR标记筛选

以罗汉果雌雄单株各30份为试材,采用随机引物筛选法,筛选与罗汉果性别相关的RAPD标记,并根据特异片段的测序结果,将RAPD标记转化为特异性和稳定性更好的SCAR标记,以期为罗汉果的性别早期鉴定和分子辅助育种研究提供参考依据。结果表明:在330条随机引物中获得了分别与罗汉果雌性和雄性相关的RAPD引物S2124和S343。根据特异序列测序结果,对雌性特异带S2124-1K和雄性特异带S343-1.4K各自设计并合成了2对SCAR引物,经验证,SCAR引物SC2124-1K-14在62℃和SC2124-1K-8在56℃均可扩增出1 019bp的雌性特异带,SC343-1.4K-12在64℃和SC343-1.4K-4在56℃均可扩增出1 373bp的雄性特异带。这些特异的SCAR标记具有较好的应用价值,可为罗汉果的性别早期鉴定提供分子依据。     

核桃早实性相关性状的SCAR标记

用RAPD技术对新疆核桃早实特性的分子标记进行了研究。用180个10-mer随机引物分别扩增早实和晚实近等基因池DNA筛选出5个多态性引物,结果只有引物OPG15(5′-ACTGGGACTC-3′)扩增得到1条约710bp的早实核桃特异片段。对该片段进行克隆和序列分析,并根据序列分析结果将该RAPD标记转化为重复性和特异性更好的SCAR标记。研究设计出了1对早实核桃特异SCAR引物P1(5'-ACTGGGACTCCAATTGTATC-3')和P2(5'-ACTGGGACTCTCAACTAT-3'),用这对特异引物对14份材料进行PCR扩增,结果所有晚实核桃材料无任何扩增,但早实材料均扩增出了预期大小759bp的特异带。     

利用SSR技术对黄瓜新品种津优35号进行种子纯度鉴定

利用天津科润农业科技股份有限公司建立并优化的黄瓜种子纯度鉴定技术体系,筛选黄瓜新品种津优35号特异分子标记。所试验的80多对SSR引物中,有2对引物(85号和212号)在杂交种和亲本间表现多态性,杂交种条带为父母本的互补型,且特异性强,适合做杂交种纯度鉴定。用该2对引物对津优35号50粒种子进行SSR鉴定。结果表明:该2对引物鉴定结果相同,且与田间鉴定结果吻合率高达96%以上,表明所筛选到的2个SSR标记可以作为津优35的特异分子标记用于其种子纯度的鉴定。     

利用SSR技术对黄瓜新品种津优35号进行种子纯度鉴定

利用天津科润公司建立并优化了的黄瓜种子纯度鉴定技术体系,筛选黄瓜新品种津优35号特异分子标记。试验选用80多对SSR引物中,有2对引物(85号和212号)在杂交种和亲本间表现多态性,杂交种条带为父母本的互补型,且特异性强,适合做杂交种纯度鉴定。用这2对引物对津优35号50粒种子进行了SSR鉴定。结果表明:这2对引物鉴定结果相同,且与田间鉴定结果吻合率高达96%以上,表明所筛选到的2个SSR标记可以作为津优35的特异分子标记用于其种子纯度的鉴定。     

利用SSR分子标记鉴定“中丝2号”丝瓜杂交种纯度

为了建立一套丝瓜种子纯度的快速鉴定方法，采用SSR分子标记对丝瓜杂交一代品种“中丝2号”的纯度进行鉴定，利用24对SSR引物对“中丝2号”丝瓜及其亲本的DNA进行扩增。结果表明：从24对引物中筛选出1对特异性引物ZS-SSR24，能够分别在“中丝2号”母本和父本中扩增出特异的2条多态性条带，大小分别为220 bp和250 bp,F1继承双亲的特异性条带，利用此标记能够鉴定出混在F1中的父本或母本。经田间鉴定，供试丝瓜种子纯度为91.3%，这与分子标记的结果完全吻合，故该标记能够用于“中丝2号”丝瓜品种的纯度鉴定。     

茄子全基因组InDel变异特征及分子标记开发和应用

选取4份圆茄(Solanum melongena L.)高代自交系进行全基因组重测序,鉴定出145 407个InDel,12号染色体InDel数最少(7 752),1号最多(19 738)。筛选出7 959个长度大于10bp的InDel位点,挑选均匀分布在基因组上的144个设计InDel引物并进行验证。利用26份茄子材料对144对InDel引物进行筛选,63对表现出稳定的多态性,比例为43.75%;主要等位基因频率为0.4038～0.9808,平均为0.7659;基因多样性指数(H_s)为0.0377～0.6501,平均为0.3217;多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.0370～0.5750,平均为0.2663,42个标记多态性信息含量大于0.200,多态性较好。当遗传距离为0.235时,将26份不同类型的茄子材料划分为2个类群。利用多态性信息含量高的前10个InDel标记构建了26份茄子材料DNA指纹图谱。另外,选择在亲本间具有多态性的InDel标记用于4个杂交组合的F₁代真实性鉴定,鉴定结果表明3个为真实杂交种,与田间鉴定结果吻合。     

丝瓜种质资源遗传多样性的形态和RAPD标记分析

应用形态标记和RAPD标记对26份丝瓜种质材料进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。所观察的44个形态性状变异系数为5.27 %～107.00 %,平均变异系数为32.75 %。从200个随机引物中筛选出16个引物,共扩增出145条带,多态性带有125条,多态性比率为86.21 %,平均Shannon多样性信息指数为 0.325。基于形态标记的聚类分析将26份丝瓜种质分为普通丝瓜和有棱丝瓜两大类。基于RAPD标记的聚类分析将26份丝瓜种质也分为两大类,但有2份有棱丝瓜种质和普通丝瓜聚为了一类,与形态标记聚类结果不一致。     

秋甘蓝品种的SSR指纹图谱的构建

 为实现对甘蓝品种进行快速准确鉴定,利用SSR分子标记技术对目前广泛栽培的‘京丰一号’、‘晚丰’、‘中甘8号’、‘中甘18’、‘中甘19’和‘中甘22’等6个秋甘蓝品种及其亲本共18份材料构建指纹图谱。基于先前的甘蓝EST-SSR标记开发研究,选取26对多态性较好的甘蓝EST-SSR引物对其进行扩增分析,通过对这26对EST-SSR引物的电泳检测统计分析,利用BoE974、BoE916、BoE337、BoE316和BoE222等5对引物构建了这6个甘蓝杂交种及其亲本的指纹图谱,实现了这18份材料的分子鉴定。利用引物BoE222对一份‘京丰一号’的商品种子进行纯度鉴定,结果显示90粒种子为真杂种,9粒为假杂交种,种子纯度为90%。     

Inter- and intra-specific genetic diversity among cyclamen accessions investigated by RAPD markers

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to characterize genetic diversity of 26 Cyclamen persicum and Cyclamen com accessions. Eighty-four arbitrary primers tested, among which nine primers showed reliable polymorphic banding patterns and yielded 104 polymorphic markers. Jaccard's similarity coefficient among accessions ranged from 0.99 to 0.08. At a similarity of 68%, accessions were divided into three clusters. The cophenetic correlation coefficient between the similarity matrix and the dendrogram was relatively high (r = 0.9) showing the goodness of fit of the dendrogram. The RAPD analysis offered a rapid and reliable tool for the estimation of inter- and intra-specific variability in cyclamens. The wide genetic variation observed for cyclamens within Iran guarantees a promising future of breeding.     

Genetic relatedness (diversity) and cultivar identification by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in teasle gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.)

Genetic relationship and variation of 29 accessions of teasle gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.) and 1 accession of Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng. (wild relatives of teasle gourd) were examined by RAPD analysis using 44 dodecamer oligonucleotide primers. A total of 496 fragments were produced by 44 primers of which 95% bands were polymorphic. Using presence or absence of specific RAPD markers or combination of primers, 23 out of 30 accessions were identified. The genetic relatedness or genetic distance based on Nei and Li's genetic similarity varied from 0.86 to 0.65 with an average of 0.74 among 29 M. dioica accessions (when M. cochinchinensis excluded). In the phenetic dendrogram developed from cluster analysis using UPGMA method, M. cochinchinensis was out grouped as single accession, while others showing relatively weak grouping formed four groups. Clustering pattern did not demonstrate any relationship between geographical origin and genetic diversity. A DNA extraction method has been standardized. This is the first report of using RAPD techniques in teasle gourd. It was concluded that RAPD analysis is a useful tool for genotypic identification and estimation of genetic similarity in teasle gourd.     

Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in Indian bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) using RAPD and ISSR markers for developing crop improvement strategies

A genetic analysis of 38 diverse Indian bitter gourd (Momordicacharantia var. charantia, and var. muricata) accessions was performed using 29 RAPD and 15 ISSR markers. RAPD primers yielded 208 amplicons of which 76 (36.5%) were polymorphic providing an average of 2.6 amplicons per primer. RAPD amplicons per primer ranged from 3 (OPE-19, OPW-09) to 15 (OPW-05), and varied in size from 200 bp to 3000 bp. Fifteen ISSR primers provided a total of 125 bands of which 94 (74.7%) were polymorphic. Polymorphic ISSR markers ranged from 0 (UBC-841) to 12 (UBC-890) providing a mean of 6.3 amplicons per primer that ranged in size from 150 bp to 2700 bp. Nevertheless, the concordance among bitter gourd accession groupings after cluster analysis was relatively high (r = 0.77), indicating that RAPD- and ISSR-based diversity assessments in this germplasm array were generally consistent. The M.charantia var. charantia (domesticated) and var. muricata (wild, free-living) accessions examined were genetically distinct, and these differences provided for the development of strategies for genetic analyses and crop improvement in this species.     

加工型辣椒资源RAPD聚类分析

利用RAPD技术对不同来源、不同类型的34份加工型辣椒种质资源进行聚类分析。20对随机引物共扩增出179条带，各引物的扩增带数在4—15条之间，其中多态性条带数139条，占总条带数的74．32％。聚类分析结果表明，34份材料首先分成3大类，与传统的辣椒属中种的划分一致，其中32份一年生辣椒（Caspsicum annuum L.）又可分为5个类群，果形性状在聚类图中呈随机分布，与种质资源的亲缘关系无相关性。     

Analysis of genetic diversity in Portuguese Ceratonia siliqua L. cultivars using RAPD and AFLP markers

Although carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is of great economic importance little is still known about the pattern of genetic variation within this species. Morphological characteristics based on 31 fruit and seeds of continuous characters determinant for agro-industrial uses, were compared with RAPD and AFLP markers for assessing genetic distances in 68 accessions of carob trees, from different cultivars, varieties and eco-geographic regions of Algarve. Eighteen selected RAPD primers applied to the 68 accessions produced a total of 235 fragments ranging from 200 to 2000 bp, of which 93 (40%) were polymorphic. Four AFLP selective primer combinations generated a total of 346 amplification fragments of which 110 were polymorphic. The average level of polymorphism based on four primer combinations was 31.8%. The phenetic trees based on RAPD and AFLP analyses gave high co-phenetic correlation values, and were found to be consistent in general with the analysis of morphological data, carried out on the same accessions. A number of RAPD and AFLP markers were found to be diagnostic for ‘Canela’ cultivar and 13 wild ungrafted trees.     

黄瓜种质资源遗传亲缘关系的RAPD分析

利用ＲＡＰＤ技术对多个生态型的黄瓜材料的遗传亲缘关系进行了研究。从２００个１０碱基随机引物中筛选出２０个用于ＰＣＲ反应,３９．２％的扩增条带表现多态性;每个生态型品种都具有其特有的扩增（缺失）带以区别其他生态型品种;聚类分析将供试材料分为３大类群：华北类群、华南类群和欧洲温室类群。从分子水平验证了传统的黄瓜地域分类标准及黄瓜是遗传基础狭窄的蔬菜作物。对利用ＲＡＰＤ技术进行亲缘控制研究的可能性进行了探讨。     

‘石硖’龙眼芽变系双引物RAPD鉴定的研究

 以‘石硖’龙眼芽变系及其普通系(对照) 为材料, 从80对双引物中筛选出4对双引物在二者之间扩增出稳定清晰的多态性片段。4对双引物共扩增出35条带, 其中多态性带5条, 表明通过双引物扩增可成功地将‘芽变’与母株(对照) 区分开来。在此基础上对双引物产生多态性扩增的原理进行了分析。     

Cultivar identification and genetic diversity analysis of broccoli and its related species with RAPD and ISSR markers

A total of 18 genotypes of broccoli were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker analysis. Seventy-four RAPD and eight ISSR primers generated 344 and 67 polymorphic bands, respectively. All broccoli genotypes could be distinguished with two-primer combinations, indicating that RAPD and ISSR markers can be used to efficiently identify broccoli cultivars. These 18 broccoli genotypes could be separated into two major sub-groups. The first major sub-group (A) included 13 genotypes and the second major sub-group (B) was comprised of five genotypes belonging to early-maturating cultivars. Genetic diversity analysis was performed on the 18 broccoli genotypes, one radish genotype, and six related Brassica accessions. All accessions could be clustered into two groups (radish and Brassica) based on the unweighted pair group of arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis. The UPGMA analysis indicated that broccoli is most closely related to cauliflower, than to cabbage and Chinese cabbage.     

西瓜核心种质枯萎病抗性与SRAP 分子标记的关联分析

 对35 份西瓜核心种质进行了抗枯萎病鉴定,再采用SRAP 分子标记技术对35 份核心种质进行多态性分析。从63 对引物组合中筛选出46 对多态性引物。SRAP 扩增共产生445 个条带,其中262条为多态性条带,多态率为58.88%。平均每对引物产生9.67 个条带。在对供试材料进行群体结构分析的基础上,利用TASSEL 软件对多态性标记与枯萎病抗性进行关联分析。群体遗传结构分析将35 份西瓜核心种质分为3 大群体：1 个野生西瓜群体和2 个栽培种群体。分析发现在2 个栽培种群体中存在基因渗透。聚类分析结果与群体遗传结构分析结果一致,分为4 个类群,其中第2 类群又细分为5 个小类群。聚类分析结果说明具有相同抗性水平的材料倾向于聚在一起。关联分析发现有1 个标记位点与枯萎病抗性显著关联（P < 0.01）,该位点对表型性状的解释率为0.2035。本研究结果表明利用SRAP 标记可以有效地对西瓜种质资源进行群体结构的划分,且关联分析能够找到与西瓜枯萎病抗性相关联的SRAP 标记,为西瓜抗病育种和分子标记辅助选择奠定了基础。