BSA对牛结核抗体ELISA检测的影响

分别研究了封闭液、血清稀释液及酶标二抗稀释液中BSA成分对牛结核抗体ELISA检测的影响.结果显示,酶标二抗稀释液中BSA的存在使ELISA检测值普遍偏低,且BSA的含量越高,检测值越低;为了提高ELISA检测值,使其达到理想检测效果,必须提高酶标二抗的使用浓度.BSA中可能存在的牛血清抗体杂质对酶标二抗起到了"中和"作用,降低了酶标二抗与目标抗体结合的实际浓度,使检测结果普遍偏低.     

蛋白A／G在PPRH蛋白ELISA中的应用研究

分别以山羊、绵羊和牛的阳性血清和阴性血清作为待检血清,分别以酶标蛋白A／G、酶标兔抗山羊抗体、酶标兔抗绵羊抗体和酶标兔抗牛抗体作为酶标二抗．进行以小反刍兽疫（PPR）裂解蛋白为抗原和基于抗血凝素（H）蛋白的单克隆抗体的PPRH蛋白酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）试验。结果四种酶标抗体均分别能使山羊、绵羊和牛阳性血清的百分抑制率达到100。在阳性血清百分抑制率为100时,检测山羊时酶标蛋白A／G、酶标兔抗山羊抗体的百分抑制率分别为17、12．检测绵羊时酶标蛋白A／G、酶标兔抗绵羊山羊抗体的百分抑制率分别为20、16,检测牛时酶标蛋白A／G、酶标兔抗牛抗体的百分抑制率分别为14、13。结果认为．酶标蛋白A／G而且与酶标抗抗体相比,具有本底低的优点．在PPRH蛋白ELISA试验中可以同时应用于检测山羊、绵羊和牛血清并具有较好效果。     

蛋白A/G在PPR H蛋白ELISA中的应用研究

分别以山羊、绵羊和牛的阳性血清和阴性血清作为待检血清,分别以酶标蛋白A/G、酶标兔抗山羊抗体、酶标兔抗绵羊抗体和酶标兔抗牛抗体作为酶标二抗,进行以小反刍兽疫(PPR)裂解蛋白为抗原和基于抗血凝素(H)蛋白的单克隆抗体的PPRH蛋白酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)试验。结果四种酶标抗体均分别能使山羊、绵羊和牛阳性血清的百分抑制率达到100。在阳性血清百分抑制率为100时,检测山羊时酶标蛋白A/G、酶标兔抗山羊抗体的百分抑制率分别为17、12,检测绵羊时酶标蛋白A/G、酶标兔抗绵羊山羊抗体的百分抑制率分别为20、16,检测牛时酶标蛋白A/G、酶标兔抗牛抗体的百分抑制率分别为14、13。结果认为,酶标蛋白A/G而且与酶标抗抗体相比,具有本底低的优点,在PPRH蛋白ELISA试验中可以同时应用于检测山羊、绵羊和牛血清并具有较好效果。     

间接ELISA检测抗氨苄青霉素抗体方法的建立

通过对最佳抗原包被浓度及包被条件、最佳血清工作浓度、封闭剂、待测血清、酶标二抗的最佳工作浓度及作用时间等反应体系的筛选和确定,利用人工制备的完全抗原及其免疫血清建立了检测抗氨苄青霉素(AMPI)抗体的间接ELISA 方法。结果表明,AMPI BSA抗原最佳包被浓度为1μg/mL,AMPI HSA抗原最佳包被浓度为2μg/mL;包被条件为37 ℃4 h 后4 ℃过夜;抗AMPI HSA血清和抗AMPI BSA 血清最佳工作浓度分别为1∶25 600 和1∶51 200;封闭剂、待测血清、酶标二抗的最佳作用时间均为30 min。血清检测结果表明抗AMPI HSA的抗体水平最高,抗AMPI BSA 的抗体水平稍低于抗AMPI HSA 的抗体,而抗AMPI KLH的最低。     

牛支原体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

以牛支原体(Mycoplasma bovis)全菌蛋白经超声波裂解后的裂解物作为包被用抗原,建立检测牛支原体血清抗体的间接ELISA方法。通过棋盘滴定法确定抗原最适包被浓度、待检血清最佳稀释度,同时对抗原的包被方式、封闭剂和封闭时间、酶标二抗最佳工作浓度、一抗和二抗最佳作用时间、血清稀释液、底物显色时间进行优化。用该方法测定10份阴性血清的OD450值计算出阴性临界值,并对牛布氏杆菌病、牛病毒性腹泻黏膜病抗血清进行检测。结果:抗原最适包被浓度为200μg/mL,待检血清最佳稀释度为1∶100,阴性临界值为0.327。用该方法检测牛布氏杆菌病、牛病毒性腹泻黏膜病抗血清均无交叉反应,表明该间接ELISA具有很好的特异性。     

猫杯状病毒抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

将构建的猫杯状病毒(Feline Calicivirus,FCV)衣壳蛋白VP1重组表达质粒转化感受态细胞,以表达的FCV-VP1蛋白作为包被抗原,以酶标记的兔抗猫IgG作为二抗,建立检测猫杯状病毒抗体的间接ELISA检测方法。确定了最佳封闭液、最佳血清稀释液、最佳酶标二抗稀释液,当酶标记的兔抗猫IgG效价为1∶20 000时可以检出猫杯状病毒血清抗体。利用本实验室建立的检测方法对收集的96份临床血清进行检测,结果表明96份猫血清中检测出40份阳性。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法的建立

将牛病毒性腹泻病毒超免疫血清以常规方法提取IgG，采用过碘酸钠法标记辣根过氧化物酶（HRP），建立了从粪样中检测牛病毒性腹泻病毒抗原的双抗体夹心ELISA。结果，抗体的最佳包被量为150μg／mL，酶标抗体最适工作浓度为1：200；封闭液为50mL／L的兔血清；待检粪样及酶标抗体的感作时间为37℃ 120min；底物显色时间为室温15min。应用建立的检测方法对河北省8个大中型奶牛场298份乳牛腹泻粪样进行了检测，结果，阳性检出率为42．6％。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌间接ELISA检测方法的建立

【摘 要】用纯化的重组蛋白抗原作为ELISA包被抗原,通过对抗原包被浓度、血清稀释倍数、酶标二抗稀释倍数、抗原和血清反应时间、血清和酶标二抗反应时间、显色剂作用时间和中止液滴加量的优化,建立了检测胸膜肺炎放线杆菌抗体的间接ELISA方法。通过特异性实验证明该ELISA方法特异性较强。将建立的ELISA方法与IDEXX公司的标准试剂盒进行了比较,二者的符合率较高,说明建立的ELISA方法比较敏感,为ELISA检测方法的商品化奠定了基础。     

伪结核棒状杆菌抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立及应用

为建立伪结核棒状杆菌(Cp)血清抗体间接ELISA检测方法,以热灭活处理的不同的浓度Cp菌株作为固相抗原包被酶标板,用不同封闭液封闭,设置不同的封闭时间,再用不同稀释度的待检血清和不同稀释度的酶标二抗与之反应,以此优化间接ELISA反应条件,确定阳性临界值。对间接ELISA方法的特异性和重复性进行试验,并在此基础上对采集的临床样本进行检测。结果显示,最佳抗原包被量为OD600 nm=0.084的菌悬液100μL,10 g/L BSA封闭时间2 h,一抗血清稀释度为1∶400,酶标二抗的稀释度为1∶5 000,血清阴阳性的OD450 nm值临界值为0.352。该方法仅对Cp阳性血清呈特异性反应,与6种常见病原阳性血清均无交叉反应,特异性较强。批内试验和批间试验的变异系数均小于9.5%,重复性较好。敏感性试验结果表明,当伪结核标准阳性血清进行1∶1 280稀释时检测仍为阳性,敏感性较强。用该方法对10份经细菌分离鉴定为阳性的血清进行Cp抗体检测,结果均为阳性。用建立的方法对临床随机采集的423份血清进行检测,结果显示阳性率为35%。研究建立的抗体间接ELISA方法为Cp抗体检测及血清学调查奠定了基础。     

抗绿脓杆菌外毒素A酶标抗体的制备及其应用

从病死羊体内分离到绿脓杆菌并提取出外毒素A(PEA),再以此毒素作为抗原加油佐剂制成乳化抗原免疫家兔,获得高免血清并提取免疫球蛋白G(IgG);用过碘酸钠法将过氧化物酶标记抗PEA抗体(IgG),制成酶标抗体,经检验,酶标抗体结合物中的HRP浓度和Ab(IgG)浓度分别是0.0608 mg/mL和0.336 mg/mL;HRP/Ab(IgG)克分子比值为1.724%;酶(HRP)结合率是11.15%.利用该酶标抗体以ELISA夹心法对羊体内抗PEA抗体含量进行了检测,结果证明,用酶标抗体ELISA法比用平板凝集实验法检测的抗体效价平均高出二个滴度,表明制备的PEA酶标抗体具有灵敏度高、特异性强的优点.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.