谈粉碎机的选用与使用

一、如何选择粉碎机 粉碎机是农村饲养业和畜牧场不可缺少的饲料加工设备,有多种型号和规格,其选择方法如下：1.根据加工对象选型粉碎机按其结构形式有切向喂入式和轴向喂入式两种：切向喂入式粉碎机适用于加工粗精饲料,最适合加工颗粒状饲料和糠壳类饲料,但不适合潮湿的长秸秆饲料的加工;轴向喂入式粉碎机,在喂入口处设了一个初切装置,可以将长秸秆切成小段,不仅可以减轻机器的负荷,而且长秸秆饲料经初切后,     

青贮玉米喂入切碎装置设计与试验#br#

为探究青贮饲料收获机功率分布情况,设计青贮玉米喂入切碎试验台。该试验台主要由插禾运输机、喂入装置、切碎装置和测控系统等组成,测控系统可实时采集喂入装置和切碎装置的扭矩和转速等信息,进而得到各个部件的功率消耗。为验证该试验台的工作性能,以青贮玉米秸秆为试验对象,以喂入速度和功率为试验因素进行多次试验,得到喂入装置和切碎装置的空载功率分别为1.5 kW和2.0 kW,满载瞬时最大功率可达5.8 kW和29 kW,标准草长率为87.44%。本研究可为青贮饲料收获机的进一步优化提供数据参考和技术支持。     

谷物脱粒-秸秆粉碎一体机的设计与试验研究

针对新疆南疆地区谷物秸秆利用率低、无法实现谷物脱粒和秸秆粉碎一体化作业等问题,研制了一种谷物脱粒-秸秆粉碎一体机,主要由喂入装置、脱粒装置、粉碎装置和清选装置组成.喂入装置的设计可以防止物料在储料凹腔中发生堵塞,提高了喂入效率.以滚筒转速、脱粒间隙为试验因素,以未脱净率为试验指标进行正交试验,结果表明:影响脱净率的较优...     

4GRS-1000玉米秸秆揉丝机的设计

论述了4GRS-1000玉米秸秆揉丝机主要参数的设计、计算及性能试验.该机可由36.7～44.1kW拖拉机悬挂,由液压机构控制升降.为了适应各种存贮饲料的要求,揉丝长度可调整,能在田间一次性连续完成玉米秸秆切割、整机输送、喂入、揉丝和物料收集等项目作业.通过性能与生产试验表明,机具各项指标均达到设计要求以及玉米秸秆揉丝收获技术要求.     

挤压喂入式香蕉秸秆脱水粉碎机的设计

香蕉秸秆具有含水量高、秸秆粗大的特点,在海南很多农业生产中被当作废弃物处理,出现了浪费资源和污染环境的情况,而采用人工处理往往劳动强度大且粉碎不彻底。为此,基于海南香蕉种植模式,结合香蕉秸秆物理机械特性,提出了一种香蕉秸秆脱水粉碎处理方案,进而研制了挤压喂入式香蕉秸秆脱水粉碎机,通过理论研究及经验分析确定了挤压喂入式香蕉秸秆脱水粉碎机的关键部件结构及运动参数;采用理论建模,建立了喂入装置输送速度与秸秆粉碎装置切削速度之间的曲线模型。该机通过喂入辊挤压破坏香蕉茎秆纤维组织同时将香蕉茎秆匀速送入粉碎装置,秸秆粉碎刀径向垂直切割香蕉秸秆,从而达到粉碎后香蕉秸秆呈等长段状的效果。该机器的成功研制能有效降低热区蕉农的劳动强度,避免了秸秆资源浪费,有效促进香蕉秸秆的全面综合利用,促进了海南热区农业经济的发展。     

9R-40型揉碎机喂入装置设计与研究

近年来,我国秸秆加工机械迅猛发展,但揉碎机仍存在着一些问题,满足不了畜牧业的发展需要。因此,加快发展秸秆加工机具、提高机具生产率、降低能耗成为重要问题之一。为此,通过对9R-40型揉碎机的分析,在原机的基础上加装喂入装置,对喂入装置的主要工作部件的结构进行合理的分析和确定,并对其工作参数进行了选择和计算,为以后开展试验提供参考。     

青贮玉米饲料籽粒破碎试验台设计与试验

为研究青贮玉米籽粒破碎机理,采用理论计算、三维建模和性能试验相结合的方法,设计喂入速度、破碎辊转速和对辊间隙等参数可调的青贮玉米饲料籽粒破碎试验台,主要工作部件包括喂入碾压机构、切碎滚筒装置和对辊式籽粒破碎装置,可对全株青贮玉米一次性完成秸秆传送、喂入压平、切碎抛送和籽粒破碎等工作流程。试验结果表明:当喂入速度为2 m/s、上破碎辊主轴转速为2 600 r/min时,秸秆切碎长度为21.79 mm,切碎长度合格率为95.9%,籽粒破碎率为96.3%,各项指标均符合国家标准和行业标准要求,可为籽粒破碎装置的设计提供理论依据和技术参考。     

9ZRF-300型铡草揉草粉碎机研究与设计

根据山区农户加工秸秆饲料的特点,针对广大农区发展畜牧业需要解决养畜饲料等问题,设计9ZRF-300型铡草揉草粉碎机。对机具的关键部件进行分析与设计,阐明铡草揉草粉碎的工作原理,确定铡草揉草粉碎机构、喂入装置、筛网等结构及工作参数,分析铡草揉草粉碎机构中转子机构和阶梯式对称双孔锤片的工作过程,得到满足工作的结构设计和锤片数量。为延长锤片的使用寿命设计阶梯式对称双孔锤片结构;为达到喂入秸秆时物料既无反料又无架空现象,设计进料斗与垂直线夹角为15°;为满足粉碎不同粗细饲料的要求,设计秸秆饲料筛网和精饲料筛网两种筛网。性能试验结果表明,秸秆生产率480kg/h、谷类生产率600kg/h、青贮打浆生产率280kg/h,试验指标达到设计要求和相关农业行业标准要求。     

破茬播种联合作业机的研制

介绍一种集小麦秸秆粉碎和玉米免耕精密播种功能为一体的新型联合作业机具.该机将秸秆粉碎装置分段布置在播种机构前方,较好地解决了长秸秆聚集使开沟管挂草壅堵的问题;在秸秆粉碎装置前设置喂入轮使喂入顺畅;合理设计了各工作部件的结构参数和运动参数,合理配置了部件间的相对位置;整机功耗小,各项性能指标达到有关标准的要求.     

四达93QS-3型棉秆切碎机

四达93QS-3型棉秆切碎机,是可同多种动力机械(电动机、柴油机、22～36kW拖拉机等)配套使用的作物秸秆加工机械,主要由喂入、铡切、抛送、传动、行走及防护机构     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。