西南地区可食性社区花园组合式营造模式探索

面对疫情等不确定性事件的发生，社区花园成为居民进行日常活动的主要绿色空间。可食性社区花园能够为居民提供食物来源，提高社区韧性，并促进城市中人与人、人与自然的互动。近年来，在我国华北、东南地区已有较多可食性社区花园探索实践，但在西南地区尚未积极推广。本研究提出组合式的创新方法，对西南地区可食性植物进行筛选分类，并赋予不同的标签，根据不同人群需求对照标签进行搭配组合，归纳出疗愈、科普、康养3种主题的可食性花园营造模式，并针对不同模式提出植物群落层次高度、空间组合等方面的指导建议。组合式营造模式易理解、易操作，可以结合个性化需求，营造具有西南地域特色的社区花园。     

社区花园参与式空间微更新的路径探索

快速的城市建设使绿地空间大幅度的缩减,存量土地的优化以及因资源不均带来的部分衰败地区的更新,已然成为城市更新建设中所面临的重大挑战。以多方协作为基础、以优化存量土地的复合使用为目标、以小微空间的改造为对象的局部更新方式,逐渐成为提升和激活碎片化空间品质和活力的新方式。本研究分析了社区微更新的背景,阐述了社区花园的定义与发展脉络,以及社区花园与现行主流景观生产方式的异同,然后解析了社区花园参与式空间微更新的价值,最后从社区花园营造的3个不同阶段提出参与式空间微更新的实施策略,旨在探索多元化的社区参与路径和有机更新模式。     

雨水花园之技术与艺术耦合设计——以美国圣路易斯市city garden为例

目前建造的部分雨水花园，尽管在功能和技术上日臻成熟，但过于实用，在艺术表现上有所欠缺。因此，结合城市现状，因地制宜，探讨如何提高雨水花园的艺术品位，满足城市高速发展的需求就显得尤为重要。通过实例分析，总结出符合低影响开发理念的城市公共空间的雨水花园艺术设计原则，辨析雨水花园的技术与艺术设计的耦合关系，在充分提高雨水利用效率的同时，探讨人性化艺术设计方法，进一步丰富传统型雨水花园设计内容，提高新型雨水花园的艺术欣赏价值，满足使用者的多样化需求，让每一位市民从中受到启发和教育，支持海绵城市建设。     

基于使用者需求的小微空间情感化设计

为提升城市小微空间品质,从使用者需求出发,以具有代表性的张家口市小微空间为研究对象,运用PSPL调研法进行实地调研,分析使用者对于小微空间各类建设要素的需求度,确定20项小微空间情感化设计的主要影响因素,并归纳为景观环境因素、空间建设因素、服务设施因素、社会文化因素4种类型。运用层次分析法对影响因素进行量化研究,构建小微空间情感化设计影响因素评价体系。结合张家口小微空间建设现状及需求,提出具有一定科学性及合理性的空间优化策略,以期为张家口市小微空间建设提供参考。     

浅谈海绵城市理论在城市景观中的作用——以马龙县龙湖新区市政基础设施建设项目为例

近年来我国一直在各大城市发展规划中提及海绵城市,但这个模式在落地的环节中却出现了很多问题,主要是出现在雨水收集利用及降雨导致的面源污染处理等环节。详细讲解了海绵城市中的雨水花园、园路铺装及排水系统的具体设计,以期为其它海绵城市建设项目提供参考。     

城市中远郊茄瓜类蔬菜与水稻轮作载培技术

城市扩张，蔬菜生产区外移，离南京城50～100km的中远郊部分农民，也开始大面积种植蔬菜，但往往大田农作或蔬菜兼而有之，实行菜稻轮作。冬春竹弓大棚生产茄瓜类蔬菜，夏季将大棚移走，种植中晚粳水稻，水旱轮作，优势互补，具有较好的经济、社会和生态效益，是实现可持续发展的高效种植模式。     

城市中远郊茄瓜类蔬菜与水稻轮作栽培技术

<正>城市扩张,蔬菜生产区外移,离南京城50～100km的中远郊部分农民,也开始大面积种植蔬菜,但往往大田农作或蔬菜兼而有之,实行菜稻     

浅析现代城市建筑“空中花园”的设计与施工

城市化发展中,用地紧张、建筑密集、绿化面积少等因素催生了空中花园的出现。空中花园是利用人工的方式营造适合植物生长的环境,培植植物,形成花园景观。空中花园的出现可以很好地改善城市景观,提供休闲场所,增加绿色空间。本文将对城市建筑中"空中花园"的设计进行系统分析,并对施工要点进行总结。     

花事短闻

广州消息：广州茶花节将于2010年3月26日至28日在保利世贸博览馆·琶洲展馆举办。茶花节将邀请来自世界各地的包括城市管理、园林园艺绿化设计施工、房地产开发、花园小区别墅景观设计、居家设计、种植商、经销商等，出席采购现场。     

城市微农园科普教育模式探析

农业实践在国内外得到普遍的重视,是少儿综合素质教育的重要组成部分。基于当前城市儿童的教育需求,分析了城市微农园科普基地的教育潜力,并结合湖南蔬菜科普基地——“悦蔬园”的实践经验,提出以现代农业科学为主题的科技微农园科普教育模式。从教育内容、课程、宣传和合作伙伴等方面探讨如何促进微农园科普教育功能的发挥和推广,以期更好地促进农业科普教育实现社会价值。     

Home gardening in Singapore: A feasibility study on the utilization of the vertical space of retrofitted high-rise public housing apartment buildings to increase urban vegetable self-sufficiency

In land-scarce cities, high-rise apartment buildings may provide vertical spaces for natural-light home gardening along corridors, rooftops, balconies as well as façades. The vertical space can improve not only urban environmental sustainability but also food security. Using an experimental approach, we investigated the food production potential of a high-rise public housing apartment building based on different gardening systems, food crops, and sunlight availability. A gardening prototype system for building corridors was shown to increase the unit area yield of corridor gardening by fivefold compared to a commercial trough planter system. Additionally, this commercial trough planter system was mainly for leafy vegetable production, whereas the gardening prototype system for corridors is also suitable for climbing crops, such as legumes and cucurbits. Nevertheless, because of the limited space along corridors of the apartment building and the relatively low-light levels on average, corridor gardening was estimated to meet only 0.5 % of the demand for vegetables of the residents living in the apartment building. Rooftop gardening with shallow growing medium (depth < 15 cm) was estimated to meet 3 % of demand, and façade gardening 43 %, given the larger space available. Although the vegetable production potential in this study was estimated based on a particular typology of public housing apartment buildings in Singapore, our results showed that vegetable production in public housing apartment buildings is feasible, and home gardening can produce a substantial amount of vegetables for consumption if well deployed. Governments of highly urbanized cities may wish to invest in better home garden designs for high-rise public housing apartment buildings and encourage residents’ participation in home gardening, which would increase high-rise greenery coverage and improve urban food system resilience. Future studies should also investigate the environmental sustainability and food safety aspects of home gardening in highly urbanized cities.     

基于环境需求的北方城市园林设计探析

随着中国城市化进程的深入,人们对生活环境和公共环境的要求越来越高,这为城市园林规划的布局和建设提供了新的课题。现重点研究了北方城市园林设计的特点、要点和环境需求,对北方城市的园林设计进行了探讨,并结合南、北地区园林设计的差异,进一步分析。基于环境中人的需求以及区域之间的功能关系,北方地区园林设计应首先进行环境需求分析,依据人对环境的不同需求设定功能内容。准确把握园林设计与城市规划的关系,在科学和可持续发展的基础上,在北方城市开展园林设计。     

Design guidelines for the Dashilar,Beijing Open Green Space Redevelopment Project

When an urban redevelopment project is planned, the design needs to reflect the preferences of the users of the planned space. In China, however, the preferences of residents have rarely been reflected in projects dealing with public places such as open green spaces in urban settings. This paper employs three independent conjoint analyses covering components of open green space, including locational conditions, physical conditions, and greenery conditions in order to propose the most preferable design for a new open green space. The results of choice simulation showed that the users prefer the private garden style to the general public park style for the new open green space in Dashilar. Our research with three independent conjoint analyses is expected to provide specific guidelines for open green space design as a whole, which is intended to satisfy potential users of the space.     

Urban domestic gardens (V): relationships between landcover composition,housing and landscape

The contribution to urban green space by private or domestic gardens in residential zones was investigated in the city of Sheffield, UK, as part of a wider study of the garden resource and its associated biodiversity. The attributes of 61 gardens, including patterns of landcover and vegetation cover, were explored in relation to housing characteristics and the nature of the surrounding landscape. The number of surrounding houses, and the areas of buildings and of roads were negatively correlated with garden area. The proportion of a housing parcel comprising garden increased with parcel size, although the proportion that was rear garden remained relatively constant. Garden size played an overwhelming role in determining garden composition: larger gardens supported more landcovers, contained greater extents of three-quarters of the recorded landcovers, and were more likely to contain trees taller than 2 m, vegetable patches, and composting sites. Unvegetated landcovers made greater proportional contributions as garden size declined. All categories of vegetation canopy increased with garden size, and large gardens supported disproportionately greater cover above 3 m. House age was a less significant factor determining garden landcover. Gardens of newer houses were more likely to occur towards the edge of the urban area, and older properties, that contained fewer hedges, possessed less canopy between 2–3 m. The extent and occurrence of different landcovers in gardens, and their consequences for wildlife, are considered for residential patches in urban areas. The implications for urban planners are discussed.     

秋冬茬生菜品种品质及产量评价

为筛选出适合北京地区秋冬季种植的生菜品种,丰富生菜品类,满足人民的多样化需求,以引进的8个生菜品种(6个散叶生菜和2个结球生菜)为试验材料,其中以散叶生菜大速生和结球生菜奶油生菜分别为对照,比较分析了不同生菜品种的农艺性状、抗病性、产量及营养品质等特性。结果表明：散叶生菜品种凯蒂娜对霜霉病、软腐病和灰霉病3大病害都表现出高抗病性,667 m²产量为2223.44kg,V C含量为78.8m g/k g,适宜在北京市推广应用;结球生菜中莴苣凤蝶叶片呈绿紫色,可以作为特菜加以应用。     

The economic performance of urban gardening in three European cities – examples from Ljubljana,Milan and London

Urban gardening is not a new phenomenon but it has received considerably more practical and academic interest in recent years. Studies on economic aspects such as crop yields, inputs and outputs of production, productivity, gross margins and the contribution to home economics are rare, especially in Europe. While urban gardening plays an important role in the Global South, its role in Western Europe for food productivity and home economics is currently under-researched. The aim of this study is to analyse European urban gardeners’ economic performance and self-sufficiency on a household level, as well as to reach a better understanding of their contribution to food self-provision and food security in the metropolitan areas. In a study carried out in 2014 with on-site personal and with online questionnaires participated 180 urban gardeners from three case study cities (Ljubljana, Milan, and London). Results from the economic analysis showed that although for most urban gardeners, profit is not their main motivation, the economic calculation shows that productivity in small urban plots can be comparable to market garden production. Urban gardeners are saving money, especially when, compared to retail prices for regular produce or organic produce, their input is included in the gross margin calculation. We conclude that, in the case-study cities, the self-provisional potential of urban gardeners’ households to adequately cover the annual vegetable need of five-a-day servings can be met under three conditions: (1) sufficient garden size; (2) increased area productivity, and (3) sufficient labour-hour inputs.     

河北省城乡居民蔬菜消费新形势研究

近年来,我国蔬菜市场一直存在整体供大于求的现象,人均蔬菜占有量达到515.9 kg,远高于《中国食物与营养发展纲要》中建议的人均年蔬菜消费量140 kg的标准。通过比较城乡居民的蔬菜消费量和食品消费结构中蔬菜占比的变化,发现城乡居民的蔬菜消费量之间的差距在逐渐缩小、食品消费结构中蔬菜占比有所差异,分析影响城乡居民蔬菜消费的因素有以下几种:食品价格、收入水平和食品消费观念。最后,根据河北省城乡居民的蔬菜消费情况,提出促进和更好地满足城乡居民蔬菜消费的建议,如倡导蔬菜健康消费模式,促进城乡居民营养均衡摄入;稳定蔬菜价格,避免价格波动对蔬菜消费造成不利影响等。     

屋顶菜篮子工程实施意义与发展前景

探索屋顶造地与建筑占地,屋顶种菜与城市菜篮子工程的关系.研究证明屋顶造地可达到建房只占空间不占地,大大节约建房用地.屋顶菜园与地面菜园无本质差别,产量相同甚至更高,城市屋顶种菜具有更高的经济、社会、生态效益,屋顶菜篮子前景广阔.     

南京市蔬菜循环农业转型发展概况

综述了南京市蔬菜产业发展现状,指出发展循环农业是蔬菜产业转型升级的创新举措,其中重点介绍了南京市蔬菜产业实践与发展循环农业的路径,如减量化设计、再利用设计、资源化设计等。最后,针对发展循环农业,提出了合理化的建议,如加强对循环农业的研发及资金投入;对发展循环农业进行补贴;加强对循环农业的宣传等。     

南京地区寺庙园林植物景观空间研究

系统探讨了南京寺庙园林寺庙"丛林"和寺庙"园林"2种植物景观的空间类型,详细分析了植物与寺庙建筑、寺径、寺庙水体、山石等造园要素的景观空间构成,总结出寺庙园林造园艺术中植物景观与其空间构成方面所蕴含的一些基本理念和手法,给现代园林建设以启示和借鉴。