面向竹藤的领域语义信息检索系统研究

针对目前竹藤领域数据格式多样、集成整合不足、检索效率低下等问题,将领域术语权重和概念查询扩展相结合,提出了适用于竹籐的领域语义信息检索模型,并对竹藤领域的语义信息检索系统的检索方式、框架结构进行研究,最终建立了竹藤领域语义信息检索系统。本研究内容可有效地解决竹藤信息资源利用的技术障碍,为竹藤的宏观深层次研究,提供新的技术支持和理论依据,为其他相关领域语义信息检索提供一种新方法和思路。     

浅谈微波裂解技术在生物质能源中的应用

21世纪是能源的世纪,随着现有能源如石油和煤炭慢慢被消耗殆尽,生物质能源的开发与利用变得越来越重要。阐述了生物质能源的重要利用价值和研究意义,综述了微波裂解在技术在生物质中的应用及其开发利用的发展前景。     

磷酸对微波催化裂解稻壳制备生物油性质的影响

21世纪是能源的世纪,随着科技的进步,现有的能源如石油和煤炭能源渐渐地消耗殆尽,可再生能源的开发与利用变得越来越重要。通过添加磷酸作为催化剂,研究催化剂对稻壳微波裂解制备生物油的影响。     

生物质能源作物——能源甜菜的开发利用

随着全世界能源物质的不断扩展,可再生的生物质能源将是21世纪主要的能源物质。能源甜菜是新兴的可再生能源作物,它具有生物学产量高,乙醇转化率高,含糖量适中等特点,是取之不尽、用之不竭的环保能源,对环境几乎没有污染;同时又是糖饲兼收的作物。利用能源甜菜通过酒精发酵创造乙醇燃料新能源,可以减轻或消除与粮食争地的矛盾,是保证粮食安全和能源安全的双赢举措。     

太行山区生物质能源林黄连木基地建设现状、问题及对策

结合河南省林业生态建设能源林黄连木发展规划，开展生产现状调研，为河南省太行山区生物质能源林黄连木基地建设提供了实践依据，提出的基地建设方法及对策，具有一定的实践与理论借鉴价值。     

能源作物甜高梁选育技术获突破

近日，辽宁省农科院高梁研究所研究员邹剑秋主持完成的“生物质能源甜高粱品种选育技术创新与应用”研究取得突破，经国内资深专家鉴定认为：该项成果具有前瞻性、创新性、科学性和实用性，达到国际先进水平。该成果荣获2011年度辽宁省科技进步二等奖。     

不同温度梯度及秋水仙碱浓度组合处理对冬珊瑚种子发芽特性指标的影响

影响冬珊瑚种子发芽的因素较多,其中温度、湿度和外源物质等都是极其重要的因素。为了探讨温度和秋水仙碱对冬珊瑚种子发芽的效应,本研究依次设定了6个不同梯度的温度并用外源物质秋水仙碱溶液4个浓度梯度下诱变冬珊瑚种子进行发芽实验。结果表明,在温度20℃、24℃、26℃、28℃条件下,用浓度0.2%和0.4%的秋水仙碱溶液处理冬珊瑚种子后对发芽率具有促进作用,用浓度0.6%和0.8%的秋水仙碱处理对种子发芽率具有抑制作用,其最适发芽率为温度26℃和浓度0.4%的秋水仙碱处理。在温度28℃和30℃条件下处理对根长具有促进作用,冬珊瑚种子的最适生长根长是30℃和0.2%浓度处理条件下。在温度20℃、22℃、24℃条件下处理对冬珊瑚种子发芽指数具有促进作用,在温度28℃和30℃条件下处理对发芽指数具有抑制作用,冬珊瑚种子的最适发芽指数是24℃和0.4%浓度秋水仙碱处理过的条件下。温度、秋水仙碱溶液浓度对冬珊瑚种子的发芽特性具有明显的影响,对冬珊瑚种子发芽特性具有促进作用的条件是26℃以下的温度和浓度0.4%以下的秋水仙碱溶液,而对其具有抑制作用的条件是28℃以上高温和浓度0.6%以上的秋水仙碱溶液。     

农村生物质能源发展对策分析

生物质能源建设对于推进新农村建设具有积极的现实意义，通过对山西省农村生物质能资源发展现状进行分析，旨在提出发展对策，从而更好地促进山西省农村生物质能源建设快速、健康、有序地发展。     

植物油脂的生物合成及生物质能源产业化

化石能源日益枯竭,利用现代科技生产生物质能源,是解决未来能源问题的一条重要出路。阐述了能源植物前质体的发育,着重介绍了质体与脂类合成相关性等方面的研究进展,探讨了生物质能源合成的产业化策略。植物生物质能源合成调控原理的产业化日益受到人们的关注,通过转基因方式增强油脂生物合成以及通过热化学和生物化学方法转化生物质能的前景是非常可观的。     

辐照技术在生物质降解上的应用研究

辐照降解技术作为辐照技术的一个分支,近年来获得了较快的发展。综述了辐照降解技术的机制、影响因素和辐解产物的分析方法,介绍了其在淀粉、纤维素、其他多聚糖等生物质大分子降解上的应用,展望了辐照降解技术在生物质燃料乙醇技术上的广阔应用前景。     

Chromosome doubling of mature haploid Brussels sprout plants by colchicine treatment

Summary The effect of colchicine concentration, and the mode and time of colchicine application in doubling the chromosomes of haploid Brussels sprout plants was assessed by scoring treated plants for the presence of diploid flowers and seed set after self-pollination.When colchicine treatments were applied after the plants had been vernalised, using 2 dose rates and 3 methods of application, only 38.1% became doubled and only 13.8% produced seed. Treatment with 0.1% colchicine with or without the addition of 2% dimethyl sulphoxide gave doubling rates similar to those reached with 0.05% colchicine, but resulted in more damage to the apices.When 0.05% colchicine solution was injected into the plants' apices at varying times during vernalisation, the rate of doubling was 71.2% on average and 50.7% of plants gave seed on selfing.Overall doubling rates of plants where the apex was easily accessible were 79.0%, while for plants with dense terminal heads they were 35.0% and for plants with visible buds 31.4%.     

Efficient production of doubled haploid Brassica napus plants by colchicine treatment of microspores

Summary The effect of colchicine on isolated microspore cultures of Brassica napus was evaluated in order to combine a positive effect of colchicine on the induction of embryogenesis with the possibility to induce chromosome doubling at an early developmental stage, thus avoiding the production of haploid or chimeric plants. Colchicine was added to the culture medium immediately after isolation of B. napus microspores. The cultures were incubated from 6 to 72 h with various concentrations of colchicine. Samples were taken from the regenerating embryoids after 6 weeks for ploidy determination by flow-cytometry.The highest diploidization rate was obtained after a 24 h treatment of microspores with 50 mg/l colchicine, leading to 80–90% diploid embroids. A concentration of 100 mg/l colchicine applied for the same duration resulted in a lower diploidization rate (76–80%). Treatment durations of 6 h were not long enough to induce a high rate of diploidization, whereas the application of 10 mg/l for 72 h was also very effective.A sample of the plants regenerated from the colchicine treated microspores was transferred to the greenhouse. The plants looked similar to normal diploid rapeseed plants and showed reasonable pod and seed set. Thus, an additional generation for seed increase in the greenhouse is rendered unnecessary. The advantage of applying a minimum volume of colchicine under controlled in vitro conditions means a considerable saving of time and labour in DH-breeding programs.     

Effective Diploidization of Microspore-Derived Haploids of Rape (Brassica napus L.) by In Vitro Colchicine Treatment

A technique for the in vitro colchicine treatment of microspore-derived haploids of rape (Brassica napus L.) is presented. This allows effective and time-saving chromosome doubling. The most effective method consists of an application of 50 mg/1 colchicine in a liquid B5 medium to the rooted micro-spore-derived plantlets for 4–8 days. By this treatment more than 50 % of the plants developed at least diploid sectors. A change of medium after some days may even increase this diploidization rate.     

Increasing colchicine effectiveness in woody plants with special reference to fruit crops

In this paper the authors deal with a simple method designed to be more successful at attempts made to induce polyploidy in fruit trees. The application of partial etiolation before colchicine treatment and the addition of gibberellic acid to the colchicine solution, considerably increased the number of mixoploid shoots in grapes. The influence of these two factors seem to be due te more cell elongation and cell division, the former promoting better permeability to colchicine and the latter accelerating faster cell division of the treated tissues.Samenvatting Een eenvoudige methode, welke aan pogingen om bij fruitgewassen polyploidie te verkrijgen een grotere kans op succes biedt, wordt in dit artikel besproken. Door jonge spruiten, voorafgaand aan een behandeling met colchicine, te etioleren en door aan de colchicine-oplossing gibberellazzur toe te voegen, kon bij de druif het aantal mixoploide scheuten aanzienlijk vergroot worden. Het effect van beide factoren schijnt te berusten op cen bevordering zowel van de celstrekking als van de celdeling; het eerstgenoemde verschijnsel zou leiden tot een grotere permeabiliteit van de cellen voor colchicine, het laatstgenoemde tot een snellere celdeling in de behandelde weefsels.     

开发实用的染色体加倍体系构建成烟草DH群体

通过对4种染色体加倍方法(烟草浸花药法、浸花培苗法,叶片再生法及浸腋芽法等)的比较研究表明：以4g／L浓度的秋水仙碱浸泡花药法加倍率最高达47．5％～75％,其次为叶片再生法(30％～36．67％)和浸苗法(16．67％～32．35％),而浸腋芽法较低(17．78％)。前两种方法加倍率虽高,但有较高畸形苗比率,叶片再生法工序较繁琐。作者认为烟草加倍单倍体产生,应以采用浸苗法为主。在使用秋水仙碱浸苗加倍时,添加DMSO可明显促进秋水仙碱的加倍效率,且促进作用随时间延长而提高：从高效、快捷和节约等原则考虑,我们开发了烟草有效的染色体加倍体系,以4g／L的秋水仙碱 20g／LDMSO溶液浸苗48h的效果最好。对两个组合烟草单倍体苗浸12h以上,其染色体加倍效率达到对照的2．30-2．93倍。本试验用较低浓度秋水仙碱添加DMSO有利于节约实验费用。通过完善染色体加倍技术程序已构建成2个DH群体,供基因定位研究。     

Development of novel chromosome doubling strategies for wheat × maize system of wheat haploid production

Two chromosome doubling strategies were evaluated for producing wheat doubled haploids from wheat x maize crosses: (i) in vitro colchicine application to haploid embryos and (ii) colchicine treatment through postpollination tiller injections. In the in vitro approach the haploid embryos were rescued on medium containing colchicine (at concentrations of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5%) and moved to a colchicine‐free regeneration medium 48 h later. Embryos exposed to 0.5% colchicine had 91.67% of their regenerated plants showing chromosome doubling. In the tiller injection approach, different concentrations (0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%) of colchicine solution, which also contained 2,4‐D (100 ppm), were injected into the uppermost inter‐node of crossed tillers 48 and 72 h after pollination. The chromosome doubling efficiency varied from 33 to 100%, with 1% treatment being the most effective. No chimeras of doubled/haploid sectors were observed in the case of the tiller injection treatment and all the florets showed seed set in the doubled plants. Stomatal guard cell length provided rapid, early‐stage and unambiguous analysis of ploidy level on the basis of 10 guard cell observations per plant.     

人工诱变芦荟多倍体的初步研究

以秋水仙索为诱变剂，利用茎段浸泡和秋水仙素培养基2种方法对库拉索芦荟进行诱变，结果表明，茎段浸泡秋水仙素法诱导四倍体葡萄的效果优于秋水仙素培养基法，0．2％的秋水仙素处理4d变异效果最好，诱变率达到最高值41.5％。变异株叶片肥厚，叶色深绿，叶片表皮气孔保卫细胞中叶绿体数增多。     

In vitro chromosome doubling with colchicine during microspore culture in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Isolated microspores of two DH lines of wheat were treated with 8 different colchicine concentrations up to 3 mM for either 24 h or 48 h during microspore culture. Untreated control cultures produced on average 220 embryos per spike (100,000 microspores), 68% of the regenerated plantlets were green, and 15% of the flowering plants were fertile. The colchicine treatments had a significant effect on chromosome doubling as measured by the percentage of fertile regenerants. Using colchicine concentrations around 1 mM the percentage of fertile plants among the regenerants was increased up to 53%. The highest number of embryos and regeneration rates were observed after 24 h colchicine treatment, while the highest frequencies of green plants and fertile plants were obtained with 48 h colchicine treatments. The highest number of DH plants per spike was found after treatment with colchicine concentrations of 300 to 1000 μM. Such treatments resulted in an estimated average between the two genotypes of 23 doubled haploid plants per spike. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Induction of polyploids in acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia) through colchicine treatment of in vitro derived shoot tip explants

Polyploid breeding is an effective tool to induce variability in the existing population, specifically in the crops having very narrow genetic base such as acid lime. Hence, an experiment was conducted to induce polyploidy in acid lime through colchicine treatment. Higher frequency of triploids were obtained in 250 μM colchicine treatment (27.27%), whereas combination of 3× (21.42%), 4× (13.33%) and aneuploid (6.67%) were induced at 500 μM colchicine treatment. Measurement of stomatal density and guard cell size of colchiploids revealed that the former one has negative relation with ploidy level and a positive relation was observed between guard cell size and ploidy level. Further, area and size of nuclei also had a positive relation with ploidy level. Hence, stomatal density, guard cell and nuclei size can be used effectively as morphological marker for preliminary polyploid screening. From the experiment, it can be concluded that 500 μM colchicine treatment of in vitro derived shoot tip explants of acid lime is optimum for creating maximum possible variability through polyploidization in the existing acid lime population.     

秋水仙素对北柴胡生长的影响

[目的]以北柴胡新品种川北柴1号为材料,研究秋水仙素处理对柴胡生长的影响.[方法]对北柴胡审定品种川北柴1号采用生长点滴定和浸泡2种处理方法,0.1％～0.5％5个处理浓度,3～5h3个处理时间、1叶期及5叶期2个处理时期进行诱导.[结果]生长点滴定法对柴胡幼苗生长影响不显著.浸泡法中秋水仙素浓度、浸泡时间、处理浓度和浸泡时间协同作用对北柴胡存活率、植株变异率及叶绿素含量有显著影响.此外,赤霉素添加对北柴胡诱导效果及生长发育也有显著影响.[结论]本研究对创制柴胡新材料具有重要意义.