天鹅的的乐土

在新源县境内,爬过一面大坡,就进入南疆。在天山南北交汇处,四周的高山,包围着一个海拔二千五百米的高山草原沼泽地带,这就是著名的巴音布鲁克大草原。巴音布鲁克(蒙古语意为"富饶的水源")     

总结实践的 拿来别人的 组装自己的

根据“2001—2015年林业生态建设规划和建设宜居生态、和谐富裕巴彦淖尔”的奋斗目标，巴彦淖尔市提出了今后林业建设的“三五”发展（用五年时间，抓好五大工程建设，以五项措施做保障）思路，在五项保障措施中科技支撑是其中一项重要内容；明确了每年完成林业建设面积不低于100万亩，林业产值每年增加1亿元的奋斗目标。完成上述建设目标和任务，需要进一步加快造林绿化进程，不断增加森林资源总量。     

山里的妮 山里的树

这是一个偏僻的山村,四周都是山,山上郁郁葱葱都是树。山里人命根子似地守着这些树。山上的这些树养活着他们的祖先,又让他们甜蜜着一代代子孙,让他们喝上最甜的蜜,尝到城里人饭桌上尝不到的鲜。山里人学     

由巴黎的厕所想到的

初到巴黎时,每次要去参观游览之前,我总是先上完厕所才走。而且一路上尽量少喝水,少吃零食,生怕内急时找不到方便的地方,语言又不是很过关,万一中途有什么不测,岂不贻笑大方。但经过几天细心观察和朋友的指点,我发     

兽类的天堂 动物的秘境

长白山以它广阔的原始林和高低悬殊的海拔,为兽类、鸟类、鱼类和昆虫,准备了一个天堂般的世界。这里拥有最完整的兽类群落,许多分布在更寒冷、更温暖地带的动物,都能在这里找到舒适的家园。敏感的候鸟自然不会放弃这个重要的迂徙驿站。长自山昆虫目前知道的有3000多种。当然,长自山拥有许多动物的土著居民,地球虽然广阔,它们独爱这里。     

一样的清明 别样的文明

随着清明节成为国家法定假日,近年来社会各界的关注和期望也在升温。只要缅怀之情不变,网络、音乐、植树等祭扫新方式,一样表达哀思,一样激励后人。     

红松的故乡 植物的王国

长白山是一个巨大的原始森林系统,也是一个植物的王国。拥有2639种植物,聚集了我国温带最著名的树种红松、长白松、岳桦等。每年夏季,在长白山高山草甸和高山苔原带,五彩缤纷的野花随着海拔的提升次第开放,把长白山变成一个美丽的大花园。更为珍贵的是,第四纪冰川把许多北极附近的植物带到这里,也留下了许多孑遗植物。     

V字的含义的由来

“V”型手势表示“Victory”，即胜利，它源于何时？ 第二次世界大战期间，有个流亡到英国的名叫维克多·德拉维利的比利时人，利用电台，每天从英国向比利时进行短波广播，号召同胞们奋起抗击德寇占领军。1940年末的一天，他在广播里号召人们到处书写“V”字，以表示对最后胜利的坚定信心。几天之内，在布鲁塞尔和其他城市的建筑物上、大街小巷的墙壁上、影剧院里，“V”字无所不在，甚至在德军重兵把守的兵营、岗楼和纳粹军官住宅，也出现了“V”字，搅得德国法西斯心神不安。     

家乡的水家乡的山

一水是生命之源,没有水就没有生命,尽人皆知。我的家乡万源。万源,万水之源,提起她,人们立刻就会憧憬龙潭河风光的神秘,向往大竹河漂流的浪漫,殊不知那些风光却远离城区百公里之外,至于流经城区的母亲河——后河,就是另一番模样了。据太平县志记载,后河发源于庙坡乡白龙洞。万水之源指的就是这里。万源城区曾因缺水闹得人心惶惶,同事卢庭于告诉我们,虽然城里缺水,可后河源头白龙洞,水量仍然丰沛,他还约我们前往参观。于是,我与同事们带着好奇的心情,像科考队探寻长江源头那样,     

光荣的使命 辉煌的历程

50载辛勤耕耘,50年风雨征程。自1962年建局以来,小陇山林业实验局已经走过了整整50个年头。50年在人类历史的长河中只是弹指一挥,但对于小陇山实验局的改革发展来说,则是天翻地覆、波澜壮阔的。小陇山林业实验局作为建国初期最早的次生林抚育经营试点之一,从无到有,由弱变强,伴随着全国林业的改革发展,历经了数次重大变革,逐步发展成为集森林抚育经营、林业科研攻关、天然林管护利用等多项功能为一体的国有重点林区和林业科研基地,已驶入了建设现代林业的快车道。回顾过去,老一代林业人从一顶帐篷,一把斧头开始,在小陇山茫茫林海开始了艰苦卓绝的创业历程。在半个世纪的发展征程中,几代小陇山人克服了一个又一个难以想象的困难,在开创小陇     

白桦光合特性的研究

测定了3年生白桦的光合与呼吸作用对温度,湿度以及CO2浓度的响应;还测定了光补偿点,光饱和点和CO2补偿点。结果表明:在目前的空气CO2浓度下,光合和呼吸作用的最适温度分别是24℃和30℃;当相对湿度是80%时,白桦能维持较强的光合作用;呼吸作用与相对湿度无明显的相关性;光补偿点和光饱和点分别是25 molm-2s-1和1375 祄olm-2s-1;CO2补偿点是180 礚L-1;白桦在CO2浓度为2400 礚L-1时仍有吸收潜力。图4参19。     

A study on the shade tolerance ofMuehlewbeckia complera

Muehlewbeckia complera was introduced to China in 2002 as indoor-hanging ornamental foliage plant. The experiment of the shade tolerance for this species was carried out in different light intensities (0.14–946.00 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹). After 40 days in experimental areas, leaf photosynthentic characteristics indexes ofM. complera in different photosynthesis active radiation (PAR) were measured with LI-COR6400 apparatus, such as the light compensation point, light saturation point, and maximum net photosynthesis rate, at the same time, the increments of total leaf area and leaf amount were measured. The results showed that the optimum light intensity range forM. complera was from 9.26 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ to 569.00 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ (463–28150 lx, relative humidity (RH) for 46–60%, temperature at 16–22°C). Under this condition, leaf photosynthetic efficiency was tiptop. AlthoughM. complera belonged to the moderate sun-adaptation plant species, the plant growth was inhibited when PAR increased to the level of 569.000 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ or above.M. complera could sprout new leaves in photosynthesis active radiation of 0.16–19.22 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ (8–961 lx), or 10 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ for above 6 h. Foundation item: This study was supported by the Research Foundation of Northeast Forestry University. Biography: YUE Hua (1962-), female, Associate professor in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

The contribution of root respiration of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus koraiensis</Emphasis> seedlings to total soil respiration under elevated CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> concentrations

The impacts of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations (500 μmol·mol⁻¹ and 700 μmol·mol⁻¹) on total soil respiration and the contribution of root respiration ofPinus koraiensis seedlings were investigated from May to October in 2003 at the Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin Province, China. After four growing seasons in top-open chambers exposed to elevated CO₂, the total soil respiration and roots respiration ofPinus koraiensis seedlings were measured by a Li-6400-09 soil CO₂ flux chamber. Three PVC cylinders in each chamber were inserted about 30 cm into the soil instantaneously to terminate the supply of current photosynthates from the tree canopy to roots for separating the root respiration from total soil respiration. Soil respirations both inside and outside of the cylinders were measured on June 16, August 20 and October 8, respectively. The results indicated that: there was a marked diurnal change in air temperature and soil temperature at depth of 5 cm on June 16, the maximum of soil temperature at depth of 5 cm lagged behind that of air temperature, no differences in temperature between treatments were found (P>0.05). The total soil respiration and soil respiration with roots severed showed strong diurnal and seasonal patterns. There was marked difference in total soil respiration and soil respiration with roots severed between treatments (P<0.01); Mean total soil respiration and contribution of root under different treatments were 3.26, 4.78 and 1.47 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹, 11.5%, 43.1% and 27.9% on June 16, August 20 and October 8, respectively. Foundation item: This study was supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX1-SW-01) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30070158). Biography: LIU Ying (1976-), female, Ph. D. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

长白山典型阔叶红松林土壤二氧化碳排放通量

随着大气CO2浓度的升高,主要由其引起的温室效应与对生物新陈代谢的影响变得越来越显著。森林生态系统在全球碳循环中扮演着重要的角色。为了评估和理解森林土壤CO2通量及其随空气和土壤温度的季节和昼夜变化规律,我们在长白山北坡典型阔叶红松林内利用静态箱技术进行了原位观测。实验在整个生长季(6月初至9月末)昼夜进行,利用气相色谱进行气体分析。结果表明: 长白山阔叶红松林土壤是大气二氧化碳源,其CO2通量具有明显的季节和昼夜变化规律。通量的变化范围是(0.30-2.42)μmol穖-2穝-1,平均值为0.98μmol穖-2穝-1。土壤CO2排放的季节规律表明,土壤CO2通量的变化与气温和土壤温度的变化有关。CO2平均通量的最大值出现在7月((1.27±23%)μmol穖-2穝-1),最小值出现在9月((0.5±28%)μmol穖-2穝-1)。土壤CO2的昼夜波动与土壤温度变化有关,而在时间上滞后于温度的变化。森林下垫面土壤CO2通量与土壤温度显著相关,与6cm深度土层温度相关系数最大。基于气温和土壤温度计算的Q10值范围为2.09-3.40。图2表3参37。     

Ecophysiological responses and carbon distribution ofPinus koraiensis seedlings to elevated carbon dioxide

The net CO₂ assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, RuBPcase (ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylose) activity, dry weight of aboveground and belowgroud part, plant height, the length and diameter of taproot ofPinus koraiensis seedlings were measured and analyzed after six-week exposure to elevated CO₂ in an open-top chamber in Changbai Mountain of China from May to Oct. 1999. Seedlings were planted in four different conditions: on an open site, control chamber, 500 μL·L⁻¹ and 700 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ chambers. The results showed that the total biomass of the seedlings increased whereas stomatal conductance decreased. The physiological responses and growth to 500 μL·L⁻¹ and 700 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ varied greatly. The acclimation of photosynthesis was downward to 700 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ but upward to 500 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂. The RuBPcase activity, chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents of the seedlings grown at 500 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ were higher than that at 700 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂. The concentration 500 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ enhanced the growth of aboveground part whereas 700 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ allocated more carbon to belowground part. Elevated CO₂ changed the carbon distribution pattern. The ecophysiological responses were significantly different between plants grown under 500 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ and 700 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂. Foundation Item: This paper was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences. Biography: HAN Shi-jie (1956-), male, Ph. Doctor, Professor in Laboratory of Ecological Process of Trace Substance in Terrestrial Ecosystem, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

温度对大叶桃花心木(Swietenia macrophylla King)幼苗叶片的光合影响

本文研究了大叶桃花心木（Swietenia macrophylla King）一年生幼苗在经过夜温处理后的光响应曲线和在饱和光强下的CO2反应曲线.结果表明:在大气CO2浓度下,叶片的最佳光合作用温度在25-31℃之间,而在饱和CO2浓度下为31-35℃.在25℃以下光合速率开始降低,主要是由于羧化效率的降低,而当温度超过31℃时,光合速率下降,是因为羧化效率的降低和呼吸速率的增加.CO2浓度对光合的促进作用在低温下受到抑制,这意味着未来在CO2浓度增高的情况下,高浓度的CO2对热带常绿植物光合的促进在冬天低温情况下表现不十分明显.图4参23.     

外源糖溶液和高浓度CO2处理对白桦叶片糖和蛋白质含量的影响

3年生白桦同时接受3种外源糖溶液(蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖)和3种高浓度CO2(700、1400、2100μL·μL-1CO2)处理.处理1个月后,测定了叶片的总糖、蔗糖、果糖和蛋白质含量.结果表明:在700μL·L-1和1400μL·L-1 CO2下,外源糖溶液增加了叶片的可溶性糖和蛋白质含量,其中外源蔗糖的效果最好:外源糖溶液与2100μL·L-1CO2结合,会抑制叶片积累总糖和蛋白质:在700μL·L-1和1400μL·L-1CO2下,喷施葡萄糖、果糖的叶片在蛋白质含量上没有明显差别:同700、1400μL·L-1CO2相比,除喷施果糖植株外,2100μL·L-1 CO2明显增加了叶片的总糖、蔗糖、果糖和蛋白质含量:在喷施同种外源糖溶液的情况下,叶片的糖含量与CO2浓度呈正相关性.图6参7.     

Effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on photosynthesis, dark respiration and RuBPcase activity of three species seedlings in Changbai Mountain

Two-year-old seedlings ofPinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvestriformis andFraxinus mandshurica were treated in open-top chambers with elevated CO₂ concentrations (700 μL·L⁻¹, 500 μL·L⁻¹) and ambient CO₂ concentrations (350 μL·L⁻¹) in Changbai Mountain from June to Sept. in 1999 and 2001. The net photosynthetic rate, dark respiration rate, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxlase (RuBPcase) activity, and chlorophyll content were analyzed. The results indicated the RuBPcase activity of the three species seedlings increased at elevated CO₂ concentrations. The elevated CO₂ concentrations stimulated the net photosynthetic rates of three tree species exceptP. sylvestriformis grown under 500 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ concentration. The dark respiration rates ofP. koraiensis andP. sylvestriformis increased under concentration of 700 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂, out that ofF. mandshurica decreased under both concentrations 700 μL·L⁻¹ and 500 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂. The seedlings ofF. mandshurica decreased in chlorophyll contents at elevated CO₂ concentrations. Foundation item: This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30070158). Knowledge Innovation Item of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-406) and “Hundred Scientists” Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Biography: Zhou Yu-mei (1973-) Ph. Doctor, Assistant Research fellow Institute of Applied Ecology. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shenyang 110016. P.R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

Photosynthetic response ofPinus sylvestriformis to elevated carbon dioxide and its influential factor analysis

The photosynthetic response of 12-year oldPinus sylvestriformis to elevated CO₂ and its influential factors were tested and analyzed in the forest region of Changbai Mountain in 1999. Trees grown at the natural condition were controlled at three levels of CO₂ concentration (350 μL·L⁻¹, 500 μL·L⁻¹ and 700 μL·L⁻¹) by CO₂ rich settlement designed by us. Net photosynthetic rates (NPR), temperature, relative humidity, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) were measured at 6:00, 8:00, 10:00, 14:00, 16:00 and 18:00 hours a day. Experimental results showed that the NPR ofPinus sylvestriformis increased by 32.6% and 123.0% at 500 μL·L⁻¹ and 700 μL·L⁻¹ CO₂ concentration respectively, compared to ambient atmospheric CO₂ concentration (350 μL·L⁻¹). The relations between NPR and influential factors, including temperature, relative humidity, intercellular CO₂ concentration and photosynthetic active radiation, were analyzed respectively by regression analysis at different CO₂ concentrations. Foundation Item: This project was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences. Biography: WANG Chen-rui (1970-), male, Assistant Research Fellow in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

Photosynthesis responses to various soil moisture in leaves of Wisteria sinensis

A study was conducted to determine the fitting soil moisture for the normal growth of two-year-old W. sinensis （Sims） Sweets by using gas exchange technique. Remarkable threshold values of net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, transpiration rate （Tr） and water use efficiency （WUE） were observed in the W. sinensis leaves treated by various soil moisture and photosynthetic available radiation （PAR）. The fitting soil moisture for maintaining a high level of Pn and WUE was in range of 15.3%-26.5% of volumetric water content （VWC）, of which the optimal VWC was 23.3%. Under the condition of fitting soil moisture, the light saturation point of leaves occurred at above 800μmol.m^2.s^-1, whereas under the condition of water deficiency （VWC, 11.9% and 8.2%） or oversaturation （VWC, 26.5%）, the light saturation point was below 400μmol.m^-1.s^-1. Moreover, the light response curves suggested that a special point of PAR occurred with the increase in PAR. This special point was considered as the turning point that indicated the functional transition from stomatal limitation to non-stomatal limitation. The turning point was about 600, 1000, 1000 and 400 μmol.m^-2.s^-1, respectively, at VWC of 28.4%, 15.3%, 11.9% and 8.2%. In conclusion, W. sinensis had higher adaptive ability to water stress by regulating itself physiological function.