湖北白猪优质系选育进展报告

经过6个世代持续选育,湖北白猪优质系初产母猪产仔数达到12.13头/窝,经产母猪达到13.52头/窝,经产母猪产活仔数12.74头/窝;初产、经产母猪产活仔数世代进展分别为0.208头、-0.064头。肥育期平均日增重达到621.39 g/d,达90 kg体重日龄由初始191.45 d降至179.26 d,世代进展为-2.438 d;料肉比3.15∶1。90 kg体重阶段屠宰测定结果表明,第6世代的屠宰率为74.96%,屠体膘厚为2.64 cm,瘦肉率为58.69%,眼肌面积为38.02 cm^2。各胴体性状在6个世代间差异不显著,但瘦肉率有所下降,下降幅度为每世代0.814%。     

纳雍糯谷猪母系1-3世代选育繁殖性能效果报道

纳雍糯谷猪,经过3个世代初步选育,纳雍糯谷猪母系生长速度,饲料报酬、瘦肉率均有大幅提高,纳雍糯谷猪妊娠期短(平均112.3 d),母猪乳头平均6~7对,选育后的纳雍糯谷猪母猪繁殖性能的产活仔数,第3胎以后达到9头以上,第6胎达到12头以上,初生重随着胎次的增加有逐渐增加的趋势,断奶重除第一胎外,二胎以后均达到10 kg以上,同时,经产母猪比初产母猪有更强的抗逆性。     

湖北白猪优质系选育进展报告

为充分利用地方猪种资源,培育优质、高效的专门化母本新品系,以长白猪、梅山猪、通城猪和湖北白猪为遗传资源,进行了湖北白猪新品系的选育。经过6个世代持续选育,各品种在品系的血统比例分别为45.15%、23.39%、7.08%和24.38%。湖北白猪优质系初产母猪产仔数达12.13头/窝,经产母猪达13.52头/窝,经产母猪产活仔数12.74头/窝;肥育期平均日增重达到621.39 g,达90 kg体重日龄为179.26 d,料重比3.15。90 kg体重阶段屠宰率为74.96%,屠体背膘厚为2.64cm,瘦肉率为58.69%,眼肌面积为38.02 cm2,肌内脂肪含量3.05%。     

大河乌猪Ⅱ系选育研究

试验以大河乌猪原种为基础,并按大河乌猪原始血缘比例,引入部分杜洛克与大河猪杂交,利用开放核心群的育种方法组建大河乌猪Ⅱ系育种群,开展大河乌猪持续选育。通过5个世代选育,母猪窝均产仔数,初产10.28头,经产12.21头,分别提高0.81头(P>0.05)和1.81头(P<0.01);窝均产活仔数,初产9.97头、经产10.91头,分别提高1.30头(P<0.05)和1.21头(P<0.05);同胞肥育日增重683.32 g、提高53.90 g(P<0.01);料重比3.26,降低0.1(P<0.05);达100 kg体重校正日龄182.42 d,减少19.00 d(P<0.01);肥猪100 kg体重屠宰,眼肌面积32.46 cm^2、瘦肉率56.50%,分别提高4.55 cm^2(P<0.05)和3.76个百分点(P<0.05);胴体背膘厚3.46 cm,降低0.66 cm(P<0.05);主要肉质指标、肌肉氨基酸、脂肪酸构成,6世代与0世代相比,没有本质上的差异,仍保持大河乌猪原始的优良肉质特性和风味特征。     

可乐猪繁殖规律的初步研究

通过对毕节地区可乐猪的研究结果发现,初产可乐母猪的各项繁殖性能指标均有随着选育代数的增加而提高的趋势,且第1胎的初生重与产活仔数呈反比关系.其产活仔数、断奶头数、断奶重、育成率分别从第一世代的4.60头、3.20头、8.59 kg、65.97%提高到第五世代的5.89头、5.16头、9.10 kg、87.61%,提高幅度较大.经产可乐猪的产活仔数、断奶头数、断奶重也分别从第一世代的8.12头、7.20头、10.26kg,提高到第四世代的8.61头、7.62头、10.42 kg,提高幅度较明显.     

鲁烟白猪选育研究

鲁烟白猪是采用不完全闭锁的群体继代选育、利用综合选择指数进行继代猪选择的新品种.通过7个世代选育,初产母猪产仔数10.49头,产活仔数10.24.头;20日龄窝重57.68 kg,比1～6世代的43.27 kg增加14.41 kg,提高了33.30%.7世代同胞肥育性能为平均日增重782 g,料重比2.57,胴体瘦肉率62.76%.与0世代相比,日增重提高71 g,料重比降低0.37,瘦肉率提高3.80个百分点.     

巴克夏猪选育进展报告

组建5个血统11头公猪,20头母猪的巴克夏猪核心选育群,开展性能测定及选育。通过种猪场内测定,采用闭锁与开放相结合的选育策略,应用GBS育种软件估计育种值,根据综合指数高低排序选留。经过5年的选育,测定了4个世代繁殖性能,5个世代生长发育、肥育、胴体性能和第5世代肉质性能。结果:初产、经产母猪总产仔数分别提高0.25头(P<0.01)和0.45头(P>0.05);公猪达100 kg体重日龄缩短14.93 d,背膘厚降低0.83 mm,差异均极显著(P<0.01),母猪达100 kg体重日龄缩短15.63 d,背膘厚降低0.7 mm,差异均极显著(P<0.01);体尺方面,体长变化不大,体高与胸围有显著提高(P<0.01)。育肥猪日增重提高28.65 g,差异不显著(P>0.05);料重比降低0.22,瘦肉率提高2.81百分点,差异均极显著(P<0.01),肌内脂肪含量(IMF)达到3.29%。表明巴克夏猪的选育取得较大进展。     

周头系深县猪

周头系深县猪,是1976年开始由河北省畜牧兽医研究所及协作组经过整顿猪群,组群闭锁,经5个世代继代选育而成的新品系地方猪,于1987年7月鉴定,正式命名为周头系深县猪,其特点是: 1.繁殖力高母猪发情征候明显,易配,受胎率高。种猪6—8月龄即可参加配种,初产10头,经产可达13头以上。     

川藏黑猪高繁殖力新品系繁殖性能世代选育试验

为了探明川藏黑猪高繁殖力新品系(F01系)的繁殖性能,对F01系0⁴世代母猪的繁殖性能进行统计分析。结果显示:F01系产仔数和活仔数均比较高,04世代母猪的繁殖性能进行统计分析。结果显示:F01系产仔数和活仔数均比较高,0⁴各世代初产产仔数均在10头以上,经产产仔数12头以上,第4世代初产、经产产仔数分别为11.19、12.37头,产仔数和产活仔数随着世代选育逐步提高;新品系的发情周期为21.26 d,持续期为4 d,妊娠期为114.21 d。数据分析结果,F01系经过5世代继代选育后,产仔数和产活仔数的繁殖性状已趋于稳定,是一个理想的母系种猪。     

小型梅山猪近年繁殖性状观察

对江苏农林职业技术学院小型梅山猪育种中心2007－2012年间繁育记录进行研究,结果可知：（1）母猪初情日龄平均为73．4±7．5d,初配为6月龄;公猪第一次射精日龄为78．6±4．2d,初配为8月龄。（2）初产母猪总产仔数为10．31±1．44头,产活仔数为9．85±0．2I头;经产母猪的总产仔数为15．3±1．82头,产活仔数为i4．87±0．60头,育成13．38±0．48头,经产母猪产仔数、初生重、20日龄窝重及45日龄窝重较初产母猪均显著提高（P〈0．05）。（3）以经产梅山猪作为母本与大约克和长白杂交,平均产活仔数12头以上,仔猪平均育成数达ll头以上,45日龄窝重达1i6．71±6．97kg和100．77±5．86kg。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …