Plasma Electrolyte,Protein and Metabolite Levels in Nigerian White Fulani Cattle under Two Different Management Systems

Plasma electrolyte, protein and metabolite concentrations were determined in White Fulani cattle kept under intensive and extensive systems of management in Nigeria. The total protein and albumin values were significantly higher (p<0.02 and p<0.05, respectively) under the intensive management systems. The plasma bicarbonate, calcium, inorganic phosphate, potassium, sodium, globulin, creatinine and urea values were similar under both systems of management.     

Alterations in Coagulation Profiles and Biochemical and Haematological Parameters in Cattle with Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis

This study was designed to investigate alterations in coagulation, and in biochemical and haematological parameters in cattle with traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP). In the study, 28 dairy cattle with TRP and 10 clinically healthy cattle (control) of different ages and breeds were used. Cattle with TRP had prolonged prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Erythrocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and hyperfibrinogenaemia were detected in animals with TRP. Furthermore, the serum concentrations of total protein, globulin and total bilirubin, and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were also high in cattle with TRP compared to those of the control group. The serum concentrations of calcium were significantly low in the TRP group. The results of this study, therefore, indicate that TRP causes significant coagulation abnormalities and biochemical and haematological alterations in dairy cattle.     

山东地方肉牛品种保护与开发现状、存在的问题及对策

山东是全国的养牛大省,拥有3个肉牛地方品种,多个国外引进品种,形成了肉牛生产3大片区,但是地方品种牛的保护与开发却存在着诸多问题,制约了全省肉牛业的发展。文章从五个方面提出了地方品种肉牛保护与开发的建议与对策,对改善当前的地方肉牛品种选育、保护与开发具有一定的现实意义。     

不同能量水平精料对日本和牛与雷琼牛杂交牛生长性能和血浆生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同能量水平精料对日本和牛与雷琼牛杂交牛生长性能和血浆生化指标的影响,筛选合理的日粮配方。选择15月龄的日本和牛与雷琼牛杂交F1代去势公牛42头,随机分为3组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组）,对应的精料综合净能（NE_mf）分别是6.43、6.90和7.50 MJ/kg,试验期为90 d。试验期间,每30 d测定1次体重,试验开始和结束采集血液样品进行血浆生化指标的测定。结果显示,①试验期Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组试验牛总增重分别为77.43、93.71和84.29 kg,Ⅱ组增重效果明显,与Ⅰ组差异显著（P<0.05）;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组平均日增重分别为0.86、1.04和0.94 kg/d,Ⅲ组较Ⅰ组提高9.3%（P>0.05）,Ⅱ组较Ⅰ、Ⅲ组分别提高20.9% （P<0.05）、10.6%（P>0.05）。②试验90 d后,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组试验牛尿素（UREA）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）水平及乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性差异均不显著（P>0.05）,但均比试验第1天高。③试验期Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组肉牛每天饲养成本分别为13.440、14.000和14.685元/头;单位增重成本分别是15.63、13.46和15.68元/头。结果提示,综合净能为6.90 MJ/kg的精料增重效果最好,育肥效益最高。     

粟羽、白羽和黄羽鹌鹑红细胞和血浆酯酶的遗传多态性研究

利用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对蛋用朝鲜龙城系栗羽鹌鹑及其突变系白羽和黄羽鹌鹑的红细胞和血浆酯酶的遗传多态性进行了研究。结果表明：红细胞酯酶Es-Ⅰ、Es-Ⅲ和血浆酯酶Es-3、Es-4均存在遗传多态性，其中Es-Ⅰ和Es-Ⅲ、Es-3分别受常染色体上的一对等位基因A和B控制，各出现3种表型A、AB和B。Es-4出现2种表型即有带型和无带型，受显性基因Es-4^A和隐性基因Es-4^a控制。经适合性x^2检验，3群体在红细胞酯酶Es—Ⅰ位点的基因分布均显著偏离Hardy—Weinberg平衡（P〈0．01）。黄羽和白羽鹌鹑的红细胞酯酶Es-Ⅲ和血浆酯酶Es-3两个位点，均处于遗传平衡状态。     

柴达木黄牛与我国其它品种黄牛亲缘关系的探讨

采用聚丙烯酰胶凝胶电泳法对柴达木黄牛和青海东部黄牛HB ,TF ,PTF ,PA和ALP5个基因座进行分析 ,根据其基因频率计算与我国其它品种黄牛的遗传距离 ,并用最短距离法进行聚类分析 ,以评价柴达木黄牛与其它黄牛的亲缘关系。结果表明 ,柴达木黄牛与青海东部黄牛之间存在最亲密的亲缘关系 ,与北方牛系蒙古牛 ,延边牛和安西牛之间具有较近的亲缘关系     

中国不同牛种DGAT1基因遗传多样性及经济性状关联分析研究进展

乙酰辅酯A∶二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT1)是甘油三脂合成过程中唯一的关键酶,对动物机体脂肪代谢、沉积起重要作用,已成为研究奶牛泌乳性状和肉牛主要经济性状的重要候选基因之一。近年来,随着相关研究的不断深入,研究者普遍认为DGAT1基因对奶牛的产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、乳脂肪酸及空怀天数、输精次数、初配年龄等繁殖性状均有显著影响,且与肉牛体脂也存在相关性。作者主要介绍了DGAT1基因的遗传多态性及其与经济性状关联分析在中国各地区不同品种奶牛、肉牛、水牛和牦牛上的研究进展,指出该基因对奶牛的产奶性能及肉牛的肉质性状、生长性状具有重要的调控作用。但由于环境条件、品种及选育背景等因素影响,DGAT1基因遗传多态性对不同地区不同牛群体的经济性状影响不尽相同。因此,要将DGAT1基因实际应用在品种选育工作中还需明确该基因对研究群体的具体遗传效应,并结合其他候选基因进行综合分析。     

The Effects of Breed,Neonatal Age and Pregnancy on the Plasma Copper Status of Goats in Oman

There is a history of copper deficiency in grazing Omani livestock and the copper status of three economically important goat breeds, Jabal Akhdar (JA), Batina (B) and Dhofari (D) were therefore compared in October/November (cool season) and June (dry season) in a penned flock given a plentiful dietary supply of copper. In the cool season, 62 lactating does (5 JA, 12 B and 33 D), their 0–5-day-old kids (17 JA, 19 B and 22 D) and 25 dry does (17 JA, 5 B and 3 D) were blood sampled. In the dry season, the does sampled were either barren (15 JA, 16 B and 13 D) or pregnant (9 JA, 13 B and 33 D). The samples were analysed for total copper (TCu) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble copper (TCA-sol Cu). There were no effects of breed on TCu or TCA-sol Cu in the cool season, the overall means being 0.75 (SE 0.049) and 0.59 (SE 0.052) mg/L. The mean TCu was low in kids at birth (0.59 mg/L) but had increased to 0.86 mg/L by 4 days of age (p<0.001); breed differences were found (p<0.002), the pooled values for JA, B and D being 0.77, 0.59 and 0.68 (SE 0.033–0.044) mg/L, respectively. By the dry season, the mean TCu had risen in barren does to 0.96 (0.045) mg/L but not in pregnant does (0.76 (0.047) mg/L; p<0.002) and breed differences had emerged, the mean for D being 20% lower than those for JA and B (p<0.05). The highest TCu values were found in the 7-month-old kids in June (1.17 (0.039) mg/L) but the breeds did not then differ. Some effects on TCA solubility were found but were considered unreliable. Breed effects may have been diminished by the generous supply of copper and early stage of lactation studied.     

Retinol Values in the Plasma of the Arabian Camel (Camelus dromedarius) and the Influence of Aflatoxicosis

The normal values are reported of the concentration of vitamin A (retinol) in the plasma of 44 male and female adult camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the United Arab Emirates. The concentrations of the vitamin in the plasma of eight camels of both sexes afflicted with aflatoxicosis were also determined. The mean concentration (±SD) of the vitamin in healthy camels was 460.1±49.3 ng/L. Sex had no significant effect on the concentration of the vitamin. Camels with aflatoxicosis had a mean concentration of retinol in the plasma of 243.4±32.3 ng/L. The concentrations of aflatoxins in the liver and ruminal contents of these animals were 18.2±1.3 and 243.4 g/kg, respectively.     

不同季节肉用种公牛精液品质与生理常值、血清及精清生化指标相关关系研究

以利木赞和夏洛来种公牛为试验牛，研究不同季节对其精液品质、冻精产量、生理常值、血清及精清生化指标的影响。结果表明：（1）与其它季节相比，夏季肉用种公牛的原精活力、冻精活力、活精于百分数、顶体完整率均显著降低，而精于畸形率显著升高（P〈0．05）。精子密度以秋季最低。（2）冻精产量夏季处于最低水平，平均每月仅为7388支。（3）夏季肉用种公牛的血清LH、睾酮、T3、皮质醇的含量分别为48．12、4．15、1．11、4．89ng／L，显著低于春、秋、冬季（P〈0．01）。（4）夏季肉用种公牛血清钠、钾、钙、镁均处于最低水平，显著低于其它季节（P〈0．01）。（5）夏季肉用种公牛精清睾酮水平明显下降，显著低于春季、秋季和冬季。（6）精清钠、钾、钙夏季含量最低，分别为83．12mmol／L、18，77mmol／L和4．63mmol／L；精清镁含量由春季至秋季呈显著下降趋势；精清磷含量夏季最高，为4．65mmol／L，显著高于春季、秋季和冬季。（7）肉用种公牛精清ALP夏季含量为1784．3U／L，显著高于春、秋两季，但低于冬季。（8）精清睾酮与精液品质各指标存在显著相关；血清生化指标与精清生化指标存在显著相关；直肠温度、呼吸频率与精液品质及血清生化指标存在显著相关性，与精清生化指标相关性不大。