瘤胃硒丸的补硒功效

１１０只山羊、２５只绵羊给５％元素硒、重１０ｇ的铁丸１枚／只，４０只山羊每１０天注射１次０．２％亚硒酸钠注射液０．５ｍｌ，以与硒丸比较效果。７０只山羊、２５只绵羊作对照。对Ｔ细胞转化率、谷草转氨酶（ＧＯＴ）、增重及毛、全血硒进行测定。结果表明，在１年左右的时间内，一次性投入瘤胃硒丸类似定期注射亚硒酸钠，且对动物无害。     

中草药防治鸡传染性法氏囊病（IBD）试验

按照中兽医理论选药组方，制成中草药煎液，按３ｍｌ／只灌服，２次／ｄ，连用３ｄ，治疗ＩＢＤ病鸡１００只，治愈率达９２％。进一步扩大试验治疗ＩＢＤ病鸡４５００只，治愈４２０７只，治愈率为９３％。按１ｍｌ／只饮水预防鸡６９００只鸡，未发病鸡数６８０５只，保护率９８．６％。上述结果表明，该自拟中草药复方能够有效地防治鸡ＩＢＤ病。     

中草药防治母猪乳房炎与仔猪下痢的研究(续)

（接上期）　１－２－６　“母仔康”对动物免疫机能影响的观察１－２－６－１　对小白鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能影响的试验　将２０只小白鼠随机分成试验组、对照组各１０只。试验组小白鼠腹腔注射复方中草药散剂提取的注射液０－５ｍｌ,对照组小白鼠腹腔注射生理盐水０－５ｍｌ,３小时后向各鼠腹腔注射５０％鸡红细胞混悬液１ｍｌ,１２小时后,颈椎脱臼法处死小白鼠。仰卧固定,向小白鼠腹腔注射２ｍｌ生理盐水,轻揉小白鼠腹部,并剪开腹部皮肤,抽取腹腔液载于载坡片上,每只小白鼠各制２张,置于３７℃温箱中温育３０分钟取出,投入生…     

饲养波尔山羊出现两例病症

病例一：一只体重８０ｋｇ的种羊，于１９９９年４月２６日发病。病羊表现精神沉郁，采食减少或不食，呼吸急促（每分钟１２０次），肺部无明显音，体温４０．５℃。用青霉素、链霉素注射治疗２天，未见效果。经会诊后，确诊为羊“流感。治疗措施是：每日上午用复方氨基比林２０ｍｌ，下午用安乃静２０ｍｌ注射，连用２天，另加地噻咪松１０ｍｌ注射。为预防继发感染，每天每１００ｋｇ体重用长效青霉素１００万单位、卡那霉素２５０万单位分别作肌肉注射，２次／天。采用上述治疗法，第三天痊愈。 笔者的体会是：引进的波尔山羊未完全适应…     

碘硝酚治疗羊疥癣病

碘硝酚治疗羊疥癣病修宪国（新疆富蕴县兽医站，８３６１００）为了探讨防治疥癣病的新途径，笔者试用碘硝酚注射液治疗羊疥癣病２０００余只，均１次治愈，报告如下。１药品碘硝酚注射液系沈阳市兽药厂合成生产。２操作方法每１０ｋｇ体重注射０．５ｍｌ，用１２号长针头...     

犬螨病治疗

犬螨病治疗倍硫磷注射按每千克体重０．０３ｍｌ，大犬肌注０．１７ｍｌ／只，小犬肌注０．０９ｍｌ／只，隔周再注射一次，对化脓的配合用青霉素治疗。治疗中用２％来苏尔溶液清洗患部，犬窝及场地喷洒消毒。２周可愈。以上二则本刊辑犬螨病治疗...     

獭兔常见传染病的防治

１葡萄球菌病１．１预防仔兔出生三周后皮下注射金黄色葡萄球菌培养液制成的菌苗１mL，待仔兔长至４个月时再注射该苗１mL。母兔在配种前皮下注射该苗２mL以防獭兔乳房炎、皮炎、鼻炎、脚皮炎等。１．２治疗１．２．１全身疗法：新青霉素Ⅱ，每１kg体重１０～１５mg内服或肌肉注射，每１d２次，连用４d；卡那霉素每１kg体重５～１５mg，每１d２次，连用４d。１．２．２局部疗法：局部脓肿与溃疡可按常规涂搽５％龙胆紫酒精溶液、碘酒，青霉素软膏、红霉素软膏。２沙门氏菌病２．１预防仔兔２５日龄后皮下注射鼠伤寒沙门氏菌灭活菌苗１mL，…     

羔羊破伤风的治疗

１临床症状病羊不能自由卧下或站立，起立时四肢伸直，做划船样运动。各关节屈曲困难，瘤胃膨胀，采食困难，流涎，牙关未完全紧闭，应激性增高，体温正常。２治疗方法２．１消除病原用烧红的铁器把病部化脓灶连同周围的正常组织一同烙去，然后用５％的碘酒对创面消毒。２．２中和毒素在消除病原的同时每只病羔皮下注射２mL精制破伤风类毒素。２．３加强护理将病羔置于干燥安静的室内，室内用１０％的漂白粉乳剂消毒。治疗第２d用２５％的硫酸镁注射液１０～１５mL静脉注射，每１d一次，连用３d。瘤胃臌气时可用１２号针头进行瘤胃穿刺放气…     

地塞米松磷酸钠注射液治疗山羊角膜翳

地塞米松磷酸钠注射液治疗山羊角膜翳杨风修（河南省民权县尹店乡杨楼兽医站，４７６８３１）笔者多年来使用地塞米松磷酸钠注射液治疗山羊角膜翳２０余例，取得满意效果。直接上眼睑皮下注０．５％地塞米松磷酸钠１．０－２．０ｍｌ，每隔２－３天注射１次，连注１－３次...     

犬盐酸左旋咪唑中毒的治疗

犬盐酸左旋咪唑中毒的治疗严玉翠花育芳（吉林省吉林市畜牧兽医总站，１３２００１）１９９５年１１月１４日吉林市丰满区江南乡一农民为两只２月龄幼犬（体重２ｋｇ／只左右）驱虫，肌肉注射５％盐酸左旋咪唑注射液每只１．５ｍｌ（每１ｍｌ内含盐酸左旋咪唑５０ｍｇ），...     

黄芪多糖注射液中非法添加地塞米松磷酸钠的检查方法研究

为了建立黄芪多糖注射液中非法添加地塞米松磷酸钠的高效液相检查方法,对其专属性、准确性、检测限、柱温、流动相比例、流动相pH值和色谱柱变化进行考察。结果表明,黄芪多糖注射液对地塞米松磷酸钠的检查无干扰,峰纯度指示、光谱相似度能够满足要求;拟定黄芪多糖注射液中地塞米松磷酸钠的检测限为0．1mg／mL,对应黄芪多糖注射液中含量0．01％;平均回收率为98．9％;改变试验条件后对分离度、峰纯度指示、光谱相似度进行考察,仍能满足要求。     

几种免疫增强剂对仔猪的增重效果研究

为找出能促使仔猪快速增长的免疫增强剂,将来自7窝的42头体重相当的25日龄约克仔猪随机分成A、B、C、D、E、F6组,每组7头。在25日龄、40日龄、47日龄时分别向A、B、C、D、E各组注射2mL转移因子、2mL黄芪多糖、2mL干扰素、2mL左旋咪唑及3mL黄芪多糖,F组注射2mL生理盐水作为对照。在28日龄、40日龄及63日龄分别对每头猪只称量体重。结果显示,B和E组增重在40日龄及63日龄时均极显著高于对照F组(P0.01);A组和D组增重与对照组F组相比差异不显著(P0.05);C组与对照组F组相比少增重2.05%,差异显著(P0.05)。表明黄芪多糖对仔猪增重有显著的促进作用,转移因子、左旋咪唑对仔猪增重无明显作用,干扰素能显著抑制仔猪生长。     

濒危野生马麝（Moschus sifanicus）的迁地保育及分群驯养

麝类动物（Moschus spp.）雄性个体可分泌麝香,是濒危珍稀资源动物,驯养是濒危麝类动物的迁地保护（ex situ protection）和麝香生产的重要方式。我国从1958年开始麝类驯养,初期的主要驯养麝种为林麝（M.berezovskii）,从1990年开始马麝（M.sifanicus）驯养。论文总结了濒危马麝的分群驯养,归纳了麝场选址、麝场修建、圈舍设计、分圈分群及日常驯养管理等方法体系,对我国麝类驯养、资源保育及麝香生产等提供重要参考。     

A Clostridium botulinum type B vaccine for prevention of shaker foal syndrome

A toxoid was prepared from type B toxin of Clostridium botulinum by treatment with 0.6% formalin for 6 weeks. The toxoid was adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide and this vaccine was evaluated for safety in guinea pigs, mice and horses, and for immunogenicity in guinea pigs and horses. Neutralising antitoxin was demonstrated in adult horses receiving two 2 ml subcutaneous doses 6 weeks apart, and in a foal which suckled its vaccinated dam. Another vaccinated mare and the passively immunised foal were protected against subcutaneous injection of 1600 and 2000 mouse lethal doses of toxin per kg respectively.     

RFRP-3对大鼠采食行为和生长性能的影响

为了探讨RFRP-3对大鼠采食行为以及生长性能的影响,选取体重相近的清洁级SD大鼠30只,随机分为3组,分别为对照组[腹腔注射生理盐水200 μL/(次·只)]、RFRP-3低剂量组[腹腔注射1 μg/100 μL RFRP-3,200 μL/(次·只)]和高剂量组[腹腔注射10 μg/100 μL RFRP-3,200 μL/(次·只)],每组10只,雌、雄各半,每天注射2次,连续腹腔注射14 d。观察和记录大鼠的采食量、采食行为和体重变化,计算料肉比及Lee指数,分离血清并检测血脂相关指标,并对下丘脑食欲相关因子的表达水平进行检测。结果表明,与对照组相比,仅在光照环境中腹腔注射高剂量RFRP-3会导致大鼠采食量极显著(P<0.01)增加;采食行为方面主要表现为采食频率极显著(P<0.01)增高和饱腹率明显下降;生长性能方面主要表现为体重增长极显著(P<0.01)加快以及料肉比显著(P<0.05)降低;在肥胖指标中,Lee指数显著(P<0.05)增加,血清中甘油三酯和总胆固醇的含量极显著(P<0.01)升高;下丘脑NPY mRNA表达水平显著(P<0.05)上升,而POMC mRNA表达水平显著(P<0.05)下降。试验表明,腹腔注射RFRP-3可促进大鼠的采食行为并提高其生长性能,且这种生理功能的发挥可能是通过调节下丘脑食欲相关因子的变化完成的。     

Antibody response of kori bustards (Ardeotis kori) and houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata) to live and inactivated Newcastle disease vaccines.

Adult houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata) and juvenile kori bustards (Ardeotis kori) were given four regimens of commercially available inactivated and live poultry paramyxovirus type 1 (PMV-1) vaccines. Immunologic response to vaccination was assessed by hemagglutination inhibition assay of serum. Kori bustards, to which a dose of 0.5 ml of a commercially available inactivated vaccine for poultry had been administered intramuscularly (0.15 ml/kg body weight), failed to develop hemagglutinating antibodies, but antibody titers of low intensity and duration were detected following administration of a second and third subcutaneous dose of 2.0 ml vaccine per bird (0.40-0.45 ml/kg). In subsequent trials, when inactivated vaccine was administered subcutaneously at 1.0 ml/kg body weight following two or four live vaccinations administered by the ocular route, juvenile kori bustards developed higher, more persistent titers of antibodies. Kori bustards given four live vaccinations followed by inactivated vaccine developed higher titers of longer duration compared with kori bustards given two live vaccines followed by inactivated vaccine. Antibody titers of kori bustards given inactivated vaccine were higher and more persistent than the antibody response to live vaccination. Houbara bustards, previously vaccinated with inactivated vaccine, that were given a booster dose of inactivated vaccine maintained high mean antibody titers (> or = log, 5) for 52 wk. The authors recommend that inactivated PMV-1 vaccine should be administered by subcutaneous injection of 1.0 ml/kg vaccine to bustards. Adult bustards, previously vaccinated with inactivated vaccine, should be vaccinated annually with inactivated vaccine. Juvenile bustards should receive a second dose of inactivated vaccine 4-6 mo after the first dose of inactivated vaccine. Even though inactivated PMV-1 vaccines induced hemagglutination inhibition antibodies and produced no adverse reactions, further studies will be required to determine the protective efficacy of the antibody.     

Effect of Fasciola gigantica excretory secretory antigen on rat hematological indices

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Fasciola gigantica excretory secretory antigen (Fg-ESA) on rat hematological indices. Fg-ESA was prepared by keeping thoroughly washed 40 F. gigantica flukes in 100 ml phosphate buffer saline (PBS) for 2 h at 37℃, and centrifuging the supernatant at 12,000 g at 4℃ for 30 min. The protein content of Fg-ESA was adjusted to 1.8 mg/ml. The rats were randomly divided into two groups of six rats each. Rats in group A received 0.5 ml of Fg-ESA intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 7 days, whereas control rats in group B received 0.5 ml of PBS i.p. for 7 days. Hemograms of both groups were studied initially and on days 0, 2, 4, 14 and 21 after the final injection of Fg-ESA or PBS. Progressive and significant (p < 0.01) declines in the values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and total erythrocyte count were observed without significant (p > 0.05) changes in the values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, or mean corpuscular volume in group A. Thus, we conclude that Fg-ESA induces normocytic normochromic anemia in rats.     

Pharmacological experiments as a basis for the administration of digoxin in the horse.

It is shown that the concentration of ouabain necessary for 50 per cent inhibition of the Na+K activated membrane ATPase of red cells is similar in man and horse. This is taken to indicate that the two species have similar sensitivity towards cardiac glycosides in general. In five adult healthy horses plasma digoxin concentration was measured with a radioimmunoassay technique after a single intravenous injection of 1 mg/100 kg body weight digoxin. The half time of elimination was 23 h and the apparent volume of distribution 7.3 litres/kg. An approximate estimate of plasma protein binding of digoxin was obtained by measuring digoxin with a fluorimetric assay in the ultrafiltrate from horse plasma containing 2-20 mug/ml. At concentrations below 10(-5)(g/ml 20 to 40 per cent of digoxin present in horse plasma is bound to protein. With this information and by using effective digoxin concentration measured in humans an average daily maintenance dose of 0-5-0-75 mg/100 kg body weight was calculated which may serve as a guideline in the treatment of congestive heart failure with digoxin in the horse.     

Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in llamas (Lama glama)

The pharmacokinetic behaviour of ivermectin was investigated in adult llamas (Lama glama) by using high performance liquid chromatography with a lower limit of quantification of 2 ng/ml to measure its concentration in serum. Llamas were treated with one of three commercial formulations (injectable, pour-on or oral paste) at dosages recommended by the manufacturer, or with an experimental injectable sustained-release formulation. In five llamas given 1 per cent ivermectin subcutaneously at 200 microg/kg, the median peak serum concentration (Cmax) was 3 ng/ml and the area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) was 13.5 ng x day/ml. In six llamas treated topically with 0.5 per cent ivermedin pour-on at 500 microg/kg, Cmax was 2.5 ng/ml or less and the AUC was 7.75 ng x day/ml or less. In seven llamas with measurable concentrations of ivermedin, the median times to peak serum concentration (tmax) were six days after subcutaneous injection and seven days after treatment with the pour-on formulation. In six llamas, the serum concentration of ivermectin remained less than 2 ng/ml for 124 hours after treatment with a 1.87 per cent oral paste at 200 microg/kg. In five llamas treated subcutaneously with 25 per cent ivermectin sustained-release microspheres at 1500 microg/kg, the median Cmax was 5 ng/ml and the median AUC was 224 ng x day/ml.     

Localization of aquaporin water channels in the airway of the musk shrew (Suncus murinus) and the rat

Aquaporins (AQPs) constitute a family of water channels that facilitate membrane water permeability in various tissues of animals. In this study, we compared the expression and localization of AQPs in the respiratory system of the musk shrew (Suncus murinus), which is an insectivore, and the rat by immunohistochemical methods. In both the musk shrew and the rat, AQP1 was expressed throughout the airway in endothelial cells of subepithelial blood vessels and in nasal submucosal fibroblasts. AQP3 and AQP4 were detected in neither the epithelium nor the subepithelial layer of the musk shrew airway, but were abundant in the rat airway epithelium. Musk shrew AQP5 was distributed in the superficial epithelial cells facing the airspaces and in submucosal glandular cells, but, unlike in the rat, not in lung alveolar cells. Additionally, the expression patterns of AQP4 and AQP5 of the musk shrew were partly similar to those of the human previously reported, absence of AQP4 and presence of AQP5 in the upper airway. The expression differences of AQPs between species in the airway indicate that the physiological importance of each AQP may be different in each species.