亚单位疫苗在猪病防治中的应用研究进展

亚单位疫苗是新型疫苗的研究热点和开发方向。通过综述亚单位疫苗在猪病防治中的应用研究进展,以期为广大科研工作者及养殖场户对亚单位疫苗的研究和猪病防治提供参考。     

防治绵羊腐蹄病的新疫苗

目前所用的绵羊腐蹄病疫苗,是由结节状拟杆菌(Bacteroides nodosus)生产的。因该菌生长缓慢,疫苗产量有限,成本极高。澳大利亚一研究小组已经建立了一项通过基困控制生产抗绵羊腐蹄病疫苗。因为绵羊腐蹄病菌,通常在潮湿条件下,通过其菌体表面的丝状体附着于羊蹄表面上,侵害家畜。该病的发生和传播     

澳大利亚腐蹄病疫苗的研究

腐蹄病是一种绵羊蹄部微生物感染所致的传染病,能造成严重的跛行等症状,澳大利亚每年用于治疗和由于羊毛产量降低及母羊无力喂羔而造成的经济损失约值二千万澳元(合二千二百二十万美元)。最近悉尼大学、联邦科学和工业研究组织已研制成功用遗传工程方法,生产一种廉价而单纯预防腐蹄病的疫苗。这种新疫苗的初步生产试验已在该大学新南威尔士农场开     

基因工程疫苗的研究进展

基因工程疫苗是分子生物学发展的产物,本世纪８０年代,由于分子遗传学和分子免疫学技术的建立,开创了研究分子疫苗的新途径,使生产不含宿主和病原自身非必需成分的“纯净”疫苗成为可能,基因工程疫苗主要分为以下几类,基因工程亚单位苗,基因缺失苗,活载体疫苗,核酸疫苗和合成肽苗。基因工程疫苗与传统疫苗相比,更安全可靠,一些目前还没有可用疫苗或虽有疫苗而生产上尚存在很大困难的疾病,也寄希望于应用基因工程技术创造出新的、有效的、能大量生产的疫苗。１基因工程亚单位疫苗 基因工程亚单位疫苗是指利用ＤＮＡ重组技术在某…     

鸡球虫疫苗研究现状

鸡球虫病是危害养禽业的一类重要的寄生虫病,鸡球虫疫苗包括活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、基因工程亚单位疫苗、核酸疫苗及活载体疫苗等,论文对目前鸡球虫疫苗的研究与应用现状进行了综述.     

SIP亚单位疫苗对无乳链球菌诱导小鼠乳腺炎的保护力评价

无乳链球菌是导致奶牛乳腺炎的重要病原菌,本研究评价了SIP(surface immunogenic protein)亚单位疫苗对小鼠无乳链球菌乳腺炎的免疫保护效果。制备无乳链球菌SIP亚单位疫苗和灭活疫苗,对小鼠进行免疫,并设PBS阴性对照。免疫前后采血测定IgG及IgG亚类的抗体滴度。免疫小鼠分娩后第4天,进行无乳链球菌乳腺攻毒试验。24h后扑杀攻毒鼠,进行乳腺内CFU的测定,制作并观察乳腺组织病理切片。结果显示,SIP亚单位疫苗免疫组IgG及IgG亚类抗体滴度显著高于灭活疫苗组(P0.01)。免疫哺乳小鼠乳腺攻毒后,SIP亚单位疫苗免疫组小鼠乳腺CFU显著低于灭活疫苗组及对照组(P0.001)。乳腺病理切片显示SIP亚单位疫苗组乳腺组织结构较对照组完整,且中性粒细胞浸润程度最小。本研究表明,无乳链球菌SIP亚单位疫苗有望作为奶牛无乳链球菌乳腺炎的候选亚单位疫苗。     

转基因植物疫苗研究进展

众多研究表明,病毒的抗原决定簇及细菌毒素亚单位均能在转基因植物中成功表达,并保持良好的免疫原性.与现有的疫苗生产体系相比,植物生产疫苗具有安全、经济、稳定、高效等优势.本文概述了利用不同受体植物生产疫苗的研究现状、免疫原性评价及免疫原基因的优化表达策略.     

悬浮培养技术在猪圆环疫苗生产中的应用

猪圆环病毒病是猪的一种非常重要的免疫抑制性疾病,可直接破坏猪的免疫系统,并引起其他疾病的并发或继发感染。针对该病的疫苗主要为全病毒灭活疫苗和基因工程亚单位疫苗,基因工程亚单位疫苗一般利用生物反应器生产,而国内猪圆环全病毒灭活疫苗的微载体悬浮培养生产的工艺目前还处于研究阶段。     

这些新型兽用疫苗,你认识吗

<正> 1 基因工程疫苗1.1 重组活载体疫苗病毒活载体疫苗的研究较多,如用鸡痘病毒作为载体,表达成功的保护性抗原基因就有新城疫病毒、传染性法氏囊病病毒、马立克氏病病毒、禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒、狂犬病病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、艾美尔球虫等。2005年12月24日,农业部在北京宣布,我国已成功研制出禽流感--新城疫重组二联活疫苗,并正式批准生产。1.2 基因工程亚单位疫苗已经制成并用于生产的主要有口蹄疫基因工程亚单位疫苗、鸡传染性法氏囊病基因工程亚单位疫苗,用于预防仔猪     

不同类型圆环疫苗免疫效果分析

为探究不同类型猪圆环病毒2型疫苗免疫效果及免疫方法,为养猪生产使用圆环商品苗提供参考,对今后圆环病的防治提供借鉴。本试验将300头纯种美系大白哺乳仔猪分为3组,分别在14日龄免疫基因工程亚单位疫苗1m L,基因工程亚单位疫苗0.5m L,全病毒灭活疫苗2m L。结果发现免疫基因工程亚单位疫苗1m L猪只抗体阳性率更高,保护效果更好,平均日增重最大,成活率最高,猪群整齐度最好,产生的经济效益最大。结果表明哺乳仔猪免疫基因工程亚单位疫苗免疫效果最好。     

Efficacy of a multivalent Bacteroides nodosus vaccine against foot rot in sheep in Britain

A multivalent Bacteroides nodosus foot rot vaccine was tested by comparing the prevalence of foot rot in 317 vaccinated ewes and lambs with the prevalence in 422 unvaccinated control sheep. The vaccine conferred statistically significant protection against foot rot. The vaccine also demonstrated a therapeutic effect in animals with foot rot, after one injection.     

A field trial to assess the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of a foot rot vaccine in sheep

An 18-week field trial was conducted on a sheep ranch to evaluate the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of a commercial foot rot vaccine. Two hundred sheep were included in the study, 100 with detectable foot rot lesions and 100 without. Approximately 50 sheep from each group were selected randomly and vaccinated twice against foot rot at a 6-week interval in the late spring 1984; the remaining sheep acted as nonvaccinated controls. Therapeutic effect of the vaccine was demonstrated by a cure rate of 53% in vaccinated, foot rot-affected sheep vs a cure rate of 19% in nonvaccinated, foot rot-affected sheep. Prophylactic effect of the vaccine was demonstrated by a foot rot prevalence at the end of the 18-week period of 9% for vaccinated sheep vs 53% for nonvaccinated sheep. Associations of foot rot lesions and vaccination with body condition were found to be significant, as was the association between foot rot lesions and mortality.     

群发性牛腐蹄病的诊断与治疗报告

牛腐蹄病是养牛场的一种常见蹄底疾病,多与蹄底刺伤或某些疾病的继发感染有关,一般为散发。但当饲养环境不良时,可以造成一定范围的群发。本文所述病例即为一起因牛舍地面硬化而引起的群发性牛腐蹄病感染。经采取综合控制措施,临床上取得了满意的预防及治疗效果。分享该病例的经验,宗旨为提高养牛场的管理水平,防止类似病例的发生。     

Importance of pilus-associated antigen in Bacteroides nodosus vaccines

The performances of two cellular vaccines, one sparsely piliated and the other well piliated, were compared on irrigated pasture with those of vaccines containing their respective, purified pili. There were statistically significant differences among the four vaccines in the mean numbers of feet per sheep which developed severe foot rot during 27 weeks of exposure. The incidence of severe foot rot was significantly lower in the two pili-vaccinated groups than in the group vaccinated with well-piliated cells, which were in turn substantially more effective than the sparsely piliated. However, the two pili vaccines did not prevent infection of the interdigital skin so that the differences in vaccine performance were much less marked when interdigital skin lesions were included. The number of feet affected by blowfly strike was closely associated with the presence of the most severe lesions and consequently there were far fewer struck feet in the two pili vaccine groups than in the two cellular vaccine groups. Analysis of serum agglutinin titres led to the same assessment of vaccinal efficacy as that derived from the analysis of severe foot rot lesions. Individually the agglutinin response to vaccination was not universally associated with resistance or susceptibility to severe foot rot but mean titres were significantly higher in the two pili vaccine groups than in the highly piliated-cell vaccine group, which were all in turn significantly higher than in the poorly piliated-cell vaccine group.     

Antibody responses of sheep vaccinated with foot rot vaccines

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and crossed immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) were used to investigate antibody responses of sheep vaccinated with a double adjuvanted or single adjuvanted commercial foot rot vaccine. ELISA detected an antibody response of greater magnitude to the double adjuvant vaccine compared with the single adjuvant vaccine. Sera from sheep vaccinated with double adjuvant vaccine recognised at least six antigens of Bacteroides nodosus in crossed IEP while sera from the single adjuvant vaccinated sheep recognised one antigen. The use of non-denatured antigens of B nodosus in ELISA and crossed IEP enabled quantitative comparisons of antibody responses to the different foot rot vaccines to be made.     

猪水疱性口炎病毒基因及其疫苗的研究进展

猪水疱性口炎是由水疱性口炎病毒引起的高度接触传染性的病毒性疾病。其临床特征为猪的唇部,鼻及口腔等处发生水疱,并从口中不断向外流涎,有时常常还发生在蹄冠和趾间皮肤上,其症状主要以水疱为主。该病在全球许多地区造成广泛流行。近年来,由于产品贸易量的增加,猪水疱性口炎病毒也陆续的传入我国。由于该病与猪水疱病、猪口蹄疫和猪水疱性疹等病毒性疾病容易混淆,因此对该病做出准确地诊断与防制显得尤为重要。在VSV疫苗的研究方面,主要是灭活疫苗和弱毒疫苗的研究,而在新型疫苗的研究方面很少。本文主要综述了猪水疱性口炎病毒的基因及其疫苗的研究进展,为进一步了解和预防该病提供参考依据。     

Effect of pilus dose and type of Freund's adjuvant on the antibody and protective responses of vaccinated sheep to Bacteroides nodosus

Groups of sheep were immunised twice with one or other of six vaccines consisting of purified pili from Bacteroides nodosus at three dose levels (10, 38 and 154 micrograms) and emulsified with either complete (CFA) or incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). Beginning one month after vaccination the sheep were homologously challenged on irrigated pasture, with naturally transmitted foot rot for a period of 26 weeks. Statistical analyses of the number of feet per sheep with severe foot rot demonstrated that there was a significant effect of vaccinal dose but neither an adjuvant effect nor an interaction between dose and adjuvant. Similar conclusions were reached when the titres of antipilus agglutinins in the serum were analysed. By both criteria the responses to doses of 154 and 38 micrograms of pili were significantly better than to 10 micrograms, but not significantly different from each other. The IFA vaccines caused less reaction at the sites of injection than the CFA vaccines and within the former the vaccines containing 10 and 38 micrograms pilus produced less reaction than those containing 154 micrograms. Hence a vaccine containing 38 micrograms of purified pili in IFA is nearly optimal for homologous protection against severe foot rot and is acceptable in terms of the reaction at the injection site.     

奶牛腐蹄病的分析与防治

对蚌埠蚂蚁山奶牛场奶牛腐蹄病发病情况进行了分析研究。结果表明,产奶牛1～≥6胎次腐蹄病的奶牛发病率分别为26．09％、27．64％、60．56％、68．09％、73．08％和81．25％,病蹄发病率分别是7．61％、8．13％、18．31％、23．40％、23．08％和23．44％,且3胎以上牛发病率明显大于1、2胎牛。就发病程度而言,1～5胎次间随着胎次的增加“中~ 、重”程度发病所占比例有逐渐加大的趋势,而“轻”程度发病呈现逐渐降低的变化;而6胎以上牛发病程度的变化与前者相反。     

An economic evaluation of various treatments for contagious foot rot in sheep, using decision analysis

Two decision analysis models were constructed to identify the cost-effectiveness of treatment and/or prevention regimens for ovine foot rot through a systematic evaluation approach of 2 consecutive phases. The first model evaluated the cost-effectiveness of examining the sheep for foot lesions and the use of 1 of 32 treatment regimens when lesions were present. The second model evaluated the 6 most cost-effective treatment regimens from the first model with or without a preventive measure (in this case, vaccination) to determine the most cost-effective approach to preventing/treating foot rot in a single year. Three prevalence levels of foot rot were used. In addition, 3 levels of reduced production attributable to foot rot were used. Threshold analysis, a form of sensitivity analysis, was used to evaluate allowable variations in the success rates and cost of treatments/prevention where the outcome of the models remains unchanged. Of the 32 treatment regimens tested in this model, the use of 10% zinc sulfate applied to the feet of sheep with foot rot was the most cost-effective regimen, regardless of the prevalence levels of the disease or its impact on productivity. In the second model, the use of vaccination with paring of the feet, as a preventive measure, followed by a treatment of the sheep that were still infected, was less cost-effective than to treat only the sheep with foot lesions and disregard prevention. This was true regardless of the prevalence levels of the disease or its impact on productivity.     

Humoral responses to a multivalent vaccine in age-matched lambs of different bodyweight and nutrition

K-agglutination, pilus-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and outer membrane protein-ELISAs were used to assess humoral responses after vaccination with a commercial, multivalent, ovine foot rot vaccine (Dichelobacter nodosus whole cells) in three groups of nine-month-old lambs of markedly different bodyweight, nutritional history and dietary protein supply. Mean bodyweights of lambs in low (L), medium (M) and high (H) bodyweight/nutrition groups were 22, 32 and 48 kg, respectively, at the time of vaccination. Few significant differences in humoral responses to vaccine antigens were found between groups. However, lambs in group H tended to have lower levels of antibody to a greater number of component antigens than did lambs in the other groups. These results suggest that low bodyweight due to poor nutrition is unlikely to affect the response of sheep to multivalent foot rot vaccines.