海南、深圳和北海斑节对虾群体遗传多样性研究

采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术对北海、深圳和海南斑节对虾群体共60个个体的延伸因子1-alpha内含子序列进行了扩增,对扩增产物进行克隆转化,并将阳性克隆产物进行序列测定,最终获得了大小约200 bp的可供分析的核苷酸序列.数据分析结果表明:深圳群体的基因多样性为最高,北海群体基因多样性为最低;通过对遗传分化指数Fst的分析,发现北海群体、深圳群体和海南群体之间遗传分化不具有极显著性差异(P>0.05).UPGMA系统树显示,3个斑节对虾群体形成2大分支,1支由北海群体组成,另1支由海南群体和深圳群体组成.从序列差异的分析中得出,北海群体与海南、深圳群体之间的亲缘关系较远,海南群体与深圳群体之间的亲缘关系较近.     

中国南海斑节对虾5个地理群体线粒体18S rRNA基因序列比较分析

摘要：本文对中国南海海域5个斑节对虾野生群体（三亚群体（SY）、深圳群体（SZ）、阳江群体（YJ）、湛江群体（ZJ）、北海群体（BH））100个样品的 16SrRNA 序列进行PCR扩增,并对扩增产物进行了测序。用Clustal_X排序软件对测序所得的100个16S rRNA序列进行比对。通过ARLEQUIN软件对所得100个mtDNA16S rRNA序列进行比较分析,共检测出28个变异位点,19种单倍型。三亚、深圳、阳江、湛江以及北海等5个野生群体的核苷酸多样性（π）依次分别为0.00435,0.00586,0.01050,0.01081,0.01168。三亚、深圳、阳江、湛江以及北海等5个野生群体的单倍型多样性（H）依次分别为0.6895, 0.5211, 0.5737, 0.6000, 0.7211。对5个野生群体的16S rRNA序列进行FST分析,结果表明湛江、北海群体分别与三亚、深圳两个群体有显著的遗传差异,其余群体之间的遗传差异不显著。对5个群体进行AMOVA分析,结果表明5个群体间存在显著性遗传差异。对5个群体构建分子系统树,结果表明：三亚和深圳群体之间的亲缘关系最近;北海、湛江群体与三亚、深圳群体的亲缘关系很远。以上结果表明,中国南海海域5个斑节对虾野生群体可以为斑节对虾的选择育种提供两个基础群体：一个是三亚、深圳野生原种基础群体;另一个是湛江和北海野生原种基础群体。     

中国南海野生斑节对虾5个地理群体线粒体16S rRNA基因序列比较分析

对中国南海海域5个斑节对虾野生群体三亚群体(SY)、深圳群体(SZ)、阳江群体(YJ)、湛江群体(ZJ)、北海群体(BH)100个样品的16S rRNA 序列进行PCR扩增,并对扩增产物进行了测序.用CLUSTAL_X排序软件对测序所得的100个16S rRNA序列进行比对.通过ARLEQUIN软件对所得100个16S rRNA序列进行比较分析,共检测出28个变异位点,19种单倍型.三亚、深圳、阳江、湛江以及北海等5个野生群体的核苷酸多样性(π)依次分别为0.004 35,0.005 86,0.010 50,0.010 81,0.011 68.三亚、深圳、阳江、湛江以及北海等5个野生群体的单倍型多样性(H)依次分别为0.689 5, 0.521 1, 0.573 7, 0.600 0, 0.721 1.对5个野生群体的16S rRNA序列进行FST分析,结果表明湛江、北海群体分别与三亚、深圳两个群体有显著的遗传差异,其余群体之间的遗传差异不显著.对5个群体进行AMOVA分析结果表明,5个群体间存在显著性遗传差异.对5个群体构建分子系统树,结果表明,三亚和深圳群体之间的亲缘关系最近;北海、湛江群体与三亚、深圳群体的亲缘关系很远.实验表明,中国南海海域5个斑节对虾野生群体可以为斑节对虾的选择育种提供两个基础群体:一个是三亚、深圳野生原种基础群体;另一个是湛江和北海野生原种基础群体.     

应用AFLP技术分析多鳞四指马鲅不同地理群体的遗传多样性

为研究多鳞四指马鲅(Eleutheronema rhadinum)不同地理群体的遗传多样性,应用AFLP技术分析了江苏东南部近海海域(QD)、广东湛江近海海域(ZJ)、上海崇明长江口附近水域(CM)和海南琼海近海海域(QH)4个地理群体的遗传特征和群体分化。120 ind个体样品、8对引物组合共扩增246条带,多态性条带为128条,多态性比例为53.4%。群体ZJ扩增位点最多,多态性比例也最高,群体内的Nei’s基因多样性指数和Shannon’s信息指数变化趋势一致,均为CM相似文献   

深圳海域斑节对虾野生种群线粒体控制区序列的多态性分析

采用聚合酶链式反应技术对深圳斑节对虾种群的20个个体进行了分析,通过对mtDNA的控制区基因序列进行扩增,获得了大小约为650bp的扩增产物。PCR产物经纯化后进行序列测定,得到了526bp的核苷酸序列。用Clustal_X排序软件对控制区序列进行了对位排列。通过Mega软件对所得线粒体控制区序列的片段进行比较,共检测出114个碱基存在变异,其中包括84个简约信息位点,5个碱基存在插入/缺失;并用Mega的“Pairwise distance”计算个体间的相对遗传距离。结果表明:其序列差异(转换 颠换)在0·010~0·154之间,得出20个个体有20种单倍型;并构建了UPGMA和NJ系统树。运用DNASP软件计算所得该群体核苷酸多样性(Pi)和平均核苷酸差异数(K)分别为0·05278和27·500。研究结果表明:深圳斑节对虾野生种群控制区序列个体变异程度很大,该种群的遗传多样性水平很高,适合于群体内及群体间不同个体的遗传多样性分析。     

"南海1号"斑节对虾

“南海1号”斑节对虾是中国水产科学院南海水产研究所以我国海南三亚、临高、文昌和泰国普吉岛4个海域野生斑节对虾群体为基础群体,通过群体选育方式,经过连续五代选育得到的有较明显抗逆优势、生长速度较快的斑节对虾品种。经第四届全国水产原种和良种审定委员会第三次会议审定通过,“南海1号”斑节对虾被农业部确定为水产新品种（2011年4月第1563号公告,品种登记证号为GS－01—009—2010）。     

斑节对虾养殖概况

<正> 斑节对虾做为养殖品种是有发展前途的,饲养比较省力。从体长20mm(重0.02g)的虾苗养到17cm(25g)以上达到上市出售的规格只需要4个月的时间,而且至今尚未发现其它病症。斑节对虾的一般特征:根据中国台湾省文献:斑节对虾(Pencus monodon)属于南方大型海产虾类,其分布广,从太平洋西海岸到印度洋,从南非到包括日本、印度,澳大利亚等的浅海河口水深10—30米海域。五年前我们就亲手进行斑节对虾的养殖。在充分研究的基础上,反复进行冬眠包装、装     

金草鱼与中国4个草鱼群体的微卫星多态性比较分析

20世纪90年代,中国引进了一批体色呈金黄色的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus),生产上俗称金草鱼。为了解金草鱼群体的遗传结构和遗传多样性,利用15个微卫星DNA标记对金草鱼群体与中国草鱼群体(长江水系的沅江群体、宁乡群体、洪湖群体和珠江水系的西江群体)进行遗传结构和系统进化分析。结果表明15个微卫星位点均具有较高的多态性,多态信息含量(PIC)为0.763~0.939。金草鱼群体的遗传多样性水平[期望杂合度(HE)=0.662]低于中国草鱼群体[HE=0.852~0.885]。遗传分化指数(FST)分析显示,金草鱼群体与沅江群体之间的遗传分化属于高度分化(0.15FST0.25),与其他3个草鱼群体之间属于中度分化(0.05FST0.15)。遗传距离分析显示,金草鱼群体与西江群体遗传距离(DA)最小(0.476 3),与沅江群体最大(DA=0.810 7)。基于遗传距离构建的NJ系统进化树显示,4个中国草鱼群体聚为一支,金草鱼群体单独为另一支。研究结果显示金草鱼群体的遗传多样性低于中国的草鱼群体,亲缘关系也较远。     

我国不同地理群体栉江珧遗传多样性及系统发生分析

利用通用引物对5个栉江珧野生群体(山东长岛、山东日照、山东文登、广东湛江和海南海口) 28S rRNA 和COI 基因片段进行扩增测序,分别得到983bp和623bp的片段,基于28S rRNA序列分析系统发生的结果表明,栉江珧与Atrina vexillumju具有较近的遗传关系。基于COI基因序列的遗传多样性分析结果显示,山东文登群体具有最高的遗传多样性水平。AMOVA分析显示,群体遗传分化系数为0.132 3(P<0.001),说明栉江珧遗传变异主要来源于群体内的变异。由28S rRNA和COI基因聚类分析结果推测,由于地理隔离,我国栉江珧南北方群体可能早已分化为不同亚种。这些数据为我国栉江珧种质资源保护和利用补充了分子生物学资料。     

海南三亚斑节对虾野生种群mtDNA 16S rRNA基因和控制区序列的多态性

采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术对海南三亚野生斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)20个个体的mtDNA 16S rRNA基因和控制区序列进行扩增,PCR产物经纯化后进行测序,得到16S rRNA基因的495 bp的核苷酸序列和控制区序列470 bp的核苷酸片段.用Clustal X软件对16S rRNA和控制区序列进行了比对,通过ARLEQUIN 2000软件对所得线粒体16S rRNA基因片段和控制区序列进行了比较分析.16S rRNA序列检测出17个多态位点,8种单倍型;控制区序列检测出100个多态位点,17种单倍型.该种群16S rRNA序列基因多样度(H)和碱基多样度(π)分别为0.700和0.0045;控制区序列的H和π分别为0.984和0.0480.研究结果表明16S rRNA序列不适应斑节对虾的种群遗传多样性分析;控制区序列适应斑节对虾种群遗传多样性研究.     

PCR amplification and sequence analysis of the major capsid protein gene of megalocytiviruses isolated in Taiwan

Viruses belonging to the genus Megalocytivirus in the family Iridoviridae are one of the major agents causing mass mortalities in marine and freshwater fish in Asian countries. Outbreaks of iridovirus disease have been reported among various fish species in Taiwan. However, the genotypes of these iridoviruses have not yet been determined. In this study, seven megalocytivirus isolates from four fish species: king grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch), barramundi perch, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), silver sea bream, Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskal), and common ponyfish, Leiognathus equulus (Forsskal), cultured in three different regions of Taiwan were collected. The full open reading frame encoding the viral major capsid protein gene was amplified using PCR. The PCR products of approximately 1581 bp were cloned and the nucleotide sequences were phylogenetically analysed. Results showed that all seven PCR products contained a unique open reading frame with 1362 nucleotides and encoded a structural protein with 453 amino acids. Even though the nucleotide sequences were not identical, these seven megalocytiviruses were classified into one cluster and showed very high homology with red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) with more than 97% identity. Thus, the seven iridovirus strains isolated from cultured marine fish in Taiwan were closer to the RSIV genotype than the infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus genotype.     

嗜水气单胞菌J-1株丝氨酸蛋白酶基因克隆与序列分析

根据已发表的气单胞菌胞外蛋白酶基因核苷酸序列，设计和合成了一对引物，以嗜水气单胞菌AhJ—1的基因组DNA为模板，通过PCR技术，扩增到约900bp的丝氨酸蛋白酶基因片段，并克隆到质粒载体pGEM—T中进行测序和分析，结果表明扩增的丝氨酸蛋白酶基因片段与已发表的嗜水气单胞菌丝氨酸蛋白酶Ahe2的同源性有87％，扩增片段编码343个氨基酸，推测的分子量为35700，计算机软件分析表明编码的氨基酸有较高的抗原性，可作为核酸疫苗的侯选基因片段。     

栉孔扇贝核糖体DNA转录间隔子序列研究及其潜在应用

以相应引物PCR扩增栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)核基因组的核糖体DNA两个转录间隔子(ITS-1和ITS-2)，PCR产物经T载体连接后进行克隆、测序，分别得到了340bp和510bp的碱基序列，序列大小非常适合遗传变异及分子系统学研究。其A、T、G、C含量在ITS-1分别为32.06％，20.59％，22.35％和25.00％，在ITS-2分别为30.00％，21.37％24.12％和24.51％。这两个变异性较大的序列在扇贝种群中应用潜力很大，可广泛用于种内群体间遗传变异研究、种质鉴别及系统学研究。     

利用mtDNACCOI基因序列分析引进的澳洲虫纹鳕鲈群体遗传多样性

根据线粒体COI基因序列分析了虫纹鳕鲈（MaccuUochellapeelii）引进群体的遗传多样性。用PCR技术扩增了线粒体C01的序列,PCR产物经纯化、克隆和测序后得到了652bp的核苷酸片段。运用CLUSTALX（1．83）软件比对了25个个体的序列,共检测到5个多态位点,其中4个为转换位点,1个为颠换位点;运用MEGA5．0软件构建了NJ系统树;用DNASP软件计算出的单倍型个数（H）为5,单倍型多样性（Hd）为0．300,核苷酸多样性（Pi）和平均核苷酸差异数（k）为分别为0．00073和0．473。结果表明,引进群体的虫纹鳕鲈mtDNAC01基因序列的变异程度较小,群体内遗传多样性较低。     

Characterization of the DNA nucleotide sequences in the genome of red sea bream iridoviruses isolated in Korea

The nucleotide sequences of DNA fragments amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from four different genomic regions of nine red sea bream iridoviruses (RSIVs) isolated from different species of fish, different areas and in different years in Korea were compared with the reported reference sequences. One isolate, RSIV Namhae, showed 100% homology to the reference sequences, while the other eight isolates, which appeared to contain identical nucleotide sequences, showed 96.6–98.9% homology with reference sequences depending upon the target regions of PCR gene amplification. However, differences in nucleotide sequences were not apparent between the RSIVs isolated in different locations, in different years or in different host species. We also cloned and sequenced the 3′ end flanking region (K1) of the DNA polymerase (DPOL) gene using the cassette ligation-mediated PCR method. This sequence was 4436-bp long and possessed two open reading frames (ORF-1 and ORF-2) oriented in opposite directions. The putative proteins encoded by these two ORFs could not be characterized by comparison with the proteins of other species in the data banks. The presence of the ribonucleotide reductase small subunit (RNRS) gene at the 3′ end of the K1 region allowed us to determine that these two genes, RNRS and DPOL, are separated 5508 bp and oriented in the same direction in the genome of RSIV. Moreover, it is of interest that a PstI-restriction fragment, of which the sequence but not the location within the RSIV genome had previously been reported, is located at nucleotide positions from 1096 to 2054, extending from within the ORF-1 region, spanning the intervening sequence between ORF-1 and ORF-2, and extending into the ORF-2 region. Various repeating sequences up to 86 bp were present at the 3′ ends of ORFs, especially within the nucleotide sequences at the 3′ terminus of ORF-2. No similarities were detected when the DNA sequences of the K1 region were compared to the DNA sequences of a repetitive element in the genome of other iridoviruses.     

浙江三门湾日本蟳群体线粒体16Sr RNA基因序列多态性

采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术对浙江三门野生日本蟳20个个体的mtDNA 16SrRNA基因进行扩增,PCR产物经纯化后进行测序,得到495 bp的核苷酸序列片段。测序结果经比对校正后,获得三群体16SrRNA基因一致序列,片断长为495 bp,其中变异位点15个,简约位点11个,总变异为3.03%。在测得的495 bp目的DNA片段中,碱基T、C、A、G平均组成分别为35.2%、17.9%、35.3%和11.6%,其A+T含量(70.5%)远高于G+C含量(29.5%)。在20个个体中共检测到7个单倍型,单倍型多样性为0.642,核苷酸多样性为0.448%。根据Kimura遗传距离的计算结果,各单倍型之间的遗传距离为0.2%~2.68%。16SrRNA构建的NJ系统发育树表明,梭子蟹属的远洋梭子蟹和青蟹属的拟穴青蟹亲缘关系较近,与蟳属的日本蟳亲缘关系较远,与形态和RAPD研究结果一致。     

太平洋牡蛎核糖体DNA转录间隔子和线粒体基因片段序列测定

以相应引物经PCR扩增了太平洋牡蛎 (Crassostreagigas)的核糖体转录间区域 (ITS 1和ITS 2 )及线粒体 16SrDNA和COI基因片段。PCR产物经T 载体连接后进行克隆和测序 ,分别得到长度为 5 4 3、791、5 30和 70 0bp的核苷酸序列。 4个DNA片段的A、T、G和C碱基含量分别为 2 3.5 7%、2 0 .0 7%、2 9.4 7%和 2 6 .89% (ITS 1) ,2 7.4 3%、19.2 2 %、2 7.0 5 %和2 6 .30 % (ITS 2 ) ,2 9.2 5 %、2 9.2 5 %、2 3.0 2 %和 18.4 9% (16SrDNA) ,2 2 .71%、39.4 3%、2 0 .4 3%和 17.4 3% (COI)。实验证明ITS 1和ITS 2引物在贝类中通用性良好。文中同时讨论了 4个序列在我国几种牡蛎的种类鉴别及相关研究的应用潜力     

Detection and identification of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from gill washings and benthic diatoms by PCR-based sequencing analysis

A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification technique was used to detect Flavobacterium psychrophilum from washings of fish gill surfaces and benthic diatoms as environmental samples. Gill washing samples were prepared from kawamutsu, Zacco temminckii (Temminck & Schlegel) and oikawa, Z. platypus (Temminck & Schlegel). Benthic diatom samples were collected from stone surfaces. All samples were collected from rivers in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan from November 2003 to January 2004. Following simple DNA extraction using a chelating resin, nested PCR techniques targeting 16S-rDNA and gyrB regions were performed, and PCR products were cloned and sequenced. With nested PCR amplification for the 16S-rDNA gene, ambiguous PCR products were detected from two of six samples, and by cloning and sequencing analysis were found not to be DNA fragments amplified from F. psychrophilum. Using nested PCR for the gyrB gene, however, five of six samples were clearly positive for F. psychrophilum in agarose gel electrophoresis, and were found to be identical with nucleotide sequences of F. psychrophilumgyrB deposited in DNA databases by sequencing analysis. Results indicate that nested PCR for the gyrB region is a useful technique to detect low levels of F. psychrophilum from environmental samples contaminated with many other organisms.     

金焰笛鲷rDNA基因转录间隔区ITS-1序列分析

以持异性引物扩增了金焰笛鲷(Lutjamts fulviflamma)的核糖体第一转录间隔区(ITS-1),扩增产物经克隆后测序,测得 ITS-1长度为566 bp。其中 A、T、G、C 4种碱基的含量分别为14.1%、16.1%、30.2%、39.6%,G C(69.8%)含量明显高于 A T 含量(30.2%)。将此引物在笛鲷属其他4种鱼类中扩增,发现该对引物有很好的通用性;比较发现在不同种中 ITS-1存在着较大的差异,适合将其应用于分子系统学和种质资源方面的研究。     

Identification and detection of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida isolates with PCR primers targeting the gyrB region

Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is the agent of bacterial haemorrhagic ascites (BHA) in freshwater fish farming in Japan. To develop a rapid identification and detection method for P. plecoglossicida, a PCR amplification technique targeting the chromosomal DNA region coding the B subunit of the DNA gyrase (gyrB) was used. The nucleotide sequences of gyrB were determined in nine isolates of P. plecoglossicida and two other Pseudomonas species. On the basis of these determined sequences and the gyrB sequences of other Pseudomonas species or fish pathogenic bacteria deposited in international nucleotide sequence databases (GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ), PCR primers PL-G1F, PL-G1R, PL-G2F and PL-G2R were designed for specific amplification of the partial gyrB of P. plecoglossicida. The specificity of these primers in amplifying the gyrB of P. plecoglossicida was verified using selected strains of related bacterial species. The nested PCR technique was used to detect P. plecoglossicida from kidney and intestine of ayu. Primer pair PL-G1F and PL-G1R was used for the external PCR, and primer pair PL-G2F and PL-G2R for the internal PCR. Of 10 ayu juveniles, expected size PCR products were observed from intestine and kidney samples in one and two specimens, respectively. The PCR technique with primers based on the gyrB sequence is thus useful for the diagnosis of BHA.