无线传感器网络LEACH算法改进及其仿真

为最大限度延长网络寿命,本文在选取簇头节点时引入节点的剩余能量和节点的集中度,对无线传感器网络LEACH算法进行改进,提出一种新的无线传感器路由算法LEACH-EC.该算法与现有LEACH算法主要有两点不同:1)根据节点的剩余能量选取簇头节点;2)选取周围区域分布密集的节点作为簇头节点。仿真实验结果表明,LEACH-EC算法能有效均衡网络节点能量消耗和延长网络生命周期。     

基于距离权重的LEACH协议的改进协议

针对LEACH协议存在的簇头随机选择,未考虑节点与基站距离不同导致节点能量消耗不均衡的问题,提出了一种基于距离权重的改进协议LEACH-D。改进协议在节点当选簇头的概率阀值中加入距离权重,使距离基站越近的节点当选簇头的概率越高。仿真表明,改进后的协议有效延长了网络生存时间,提高了能量有效性。     

基于移动sink节点的WSN节能路由协议

针对无线传感器网络中能量消耗不均引起的热区问题,提出一种基于移动sink节点的WSN节能路由协议MSERP,将整个网络分成若干个虚拟网格,根据节点剩余能量和到网格重心距离选举簇头。通过PSO算法来确定sink的下一个移动位置,粒子适应值函数由簇头到sink节点的距离和sink节点周围簇头能量因素定义。仿真结果表明,该协议有效地解决了热区问题,提高了网络的生存周期。     

基于无线传感器网络的拓扑控制算法

拓扑控制在无线传感器网络中具有举足轻重的作用,对于延长生命周期、减小通信干扰、提高通信效率方面具有重要作用。在提出了无线传感器网络拓扑控制的设计目标后,从功率控制和分簇拓扑控制两个方向去举例解释当前两个主流算法的现象。     

基于LMAC协议的簇状树形无线传感器网络设计

簇状树形无线传感器网络凭借其低功耗,健壮性和可扩性好的优点已经在各种领域中得到了广泛的应用。本文在研究该网络的基础上,提出一种混合网络协议,该协议以LMAC为主,结合分频调度机制,采用主动和被动结合式路由的设计方法。经在四湖流域湿地环境监测的实地测量表明,该无线网络具有功耗低、时延小等优点。     

一种基于SNMP协议的网络管理管理端设计与实现方法

简单网络管理协议(SNMP)是能够满足网络管理需要的协议,也是目前最为流行的网络管理解决方案。本文首先介绍了简单网络管理协议的概念,然后详细描述了基于SNMPV2协议的网络管理管理端的设计,在设计时,本系统遵循标准的SNMPV2协议,有利于系统的扩展;在实现时,本系统给出了报文PDU构建算法、报文PDU解析算法、报文编码算法及报文解码算法四个优化算法,提高了系统性能,降低了系统实现难度。     

一种新的均衡能耗AODV路由协议

为延长无线自组织网络的寿命,提出了一种均衡能耗的AODV协议。新的路由协议在路由选择时将网络节点的能量消耗作为一个重要因素进行考虑,有选择性的避开一些能量较弱的节点,避免出现大范围的死亡节点,从而造成网络的分割。     

基于链路稳定性预测的Ad Hoc网络路由算法研究

本文对移动自组网的经典路由协议-按需式距离矢量协议AODV(Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector)进行优化,提出了一种基于链路稳定性预测和后备路径路由选择的路由协议。该协议将后备路径的选择和链路的稳定性作为重要的性能指标,改善了整个网络的性能,并在链路发生中断时,可以利用后备路径快速进行链路修复。然后,利用QualNet仿真平台对LS-BPR(Link Stability Prediction Algorithm based on Backup Path Routing)AODV与AODV两种协议进行仿真比较。仿真结果表明,加入预测机制的LS-BPR AODV改善了网络性能,减少了源节点路由发现的次数,降低了路由断裂的次数,大幅减少了网络的丢包率和网络中信息接收的延时,提高了网络平均吞吐量,体现了LS-BPR算法的优越性。在大多数情况下,LS-BPR AODV相比原来的AODV拥有更佳的性能。     

基于移动预测的海上无线传感网络分簇算法

拓扑是无线传感器网络研究的重要内容之一,作为网络的最底层直接影响到数据链路层和介质访问层的性能,同时对能量消耗也有重要影响。近来,无线传感网逐渐应用到海洋环境中,其中涉及的主要问题有,节点时时移动使得网络拓扑频繁变化,以及节点的能耗问题,针对移动性,本文采用基于移动状态的移动模型对海上环境进行模拟,考虑节点能量有限,采用改进的LEACH算法优化网络拓扑达到节能目的。最后对提出的算法进行仿真。     

Adaptive gateway discovery algorithm in MANET for internet connectivity

针对网关发现过程中因非对称链路的存在而造成节点盲目转发无效路由信息并导致性能恶化的问题,提出了一种移动自组网(MANET)与Internet互联的自适应综合网关发现算法.该算法对AODV协议消息进行扩展,通过转发捎带有本地连接信息的路由发现消息和网关通告消息,有效避免了全局路由建立于非对称链路之上.同时,采用一种高效自适应网关发现策略,根据网络状态动态调整网关通告的广播范围和发送间隔,实现网关通告的最佳覆盖.仿真结果表明,该算法能够获得良好的网络互联性能,并保持合理的网络控制开销.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.