以改革创新精神抓好新时期农村思想政治工作

新时期徙村思想政治工作面,l岳“五大挑战”,存在“六大问题”。新时期农村思想政治工作的新要求：把中国梦化为农民自身的目标追求,把社会主义核心价值观化为农民自身的价值准则,把全面深化农村改革化为农民的生动实践,把精神文明建设化为农民自身的迫切需要。新思路：搞好“四个结合”,即要与宣传贯彻“三农”政策相结合、与解决农村民生问题相结合、与培育新型职业农民相结合、与转变干部作风相结合。新举措：即解决“四个问题”,（1）健全组织领导体系,解决“谁来抓”问题;（2）增强工作的针对性,解决“抓什么”问题;（3）创新方式方法,解决“怎么抓”问题;（4）丰富教育形式,解决“抓到位”问题。     

丰城市现代观光休闲农业的发展对策

丰城市具有发展观光休闲农业的优越条件。发展观光休闲农业一要突破旧观念,充分认识到观光农业是市场规律发展的必然;二要加强交流与合作,提高观光休闲农业的管理和经营水平;三要合理规划,突出特色,结合当地农产品特色,将发展观光休闲农业与发展旅游有机结合起来;四要加快先进农业技术的引进,提高观光休闲农业的科技含量;五要把发展观光休闲农业与深化农业体制改革,培育和发展各种形式的农民合作经济组织和农业流通中介组织结合起来,实现农业生产、旅游观光一体化,使农民真正获得实惠,为农村经济发展增添新的活力。     

世界农产品加工中心将向中国转移

日前,在辽宁大连举行的“中国农产品加工业与现代农业论坛”上,来自农业部、中国社科院、中国农科院等单位的专家学者对于发展我国农产品加工业和现代农业做了演讲,提出了自己对中国农产品加工业与现代农业的看法与观点。农业部总经济师薛亮在论坛中说,要以农产品加工业促进农业现代化。发展农产品加工业,推进农业产业化经营,是实现小规模农业生产与现代化大生产对接的必由之路,是破解农产品卖难、农业增效难和农民增收难的战略举措。概括起来是5个“有利于”:即有利于发展中国特色农业现代化道路、有利于农业和农村经济发展进入新阶段、有…     

推进乡村振兴的思维方法和实践路径——评《乡村振兴方法论》

<正>国以农为本,民以食为天,这是中华优秀传统文化关于国家治理的智慧结晶。农业农村农民问题是关系国计民生的根本性问题,新中国成立以来,我们党始终把解决好“三农”问题作为重中之重。实施乡村振兴战略,是党的十九大作出的重大决策部署,是新时代背景下解决好“三农”问题的重要举措,是全面建设社会主义现代化国家总任务下的战略要求,是在广大农村全面建成小康社会、实现绝对脱贫条件下推进农村地区走向现代化的战略路径。     

试谈福建农业产业化之思路

我国自党的十四大开始向社会主义市场经济转轨以来，经济、社会的发展发生了巨大的质的飞跃。当前，随着市场经济的发展，农业产业化作为一种崭新的生产经营方式正在我国农村蓬勃兴起。它是我国农村改革发展的必然产物，是从根本上解决我国农业、农村、农民问题，实现农业现代化的必由之路。研究、探索农业产业化既是我们面临的重大实践问题，也是亟待解决的理论问题。农业产业化是在社会主义市场经济条件下，在农村家庭联产承包责任制的基础上逐步形成和发展起来的。这种农业生产的新的经营方式具有它自身的特征和本质。依据国内农业经济专…     

隰县林果产业富民兴县

近年来，山西省隰县县委、县政府坚持实施“林果富民”战略，把梨果产业作为新农村建设中农业增效、农民增收、农村发展的第一主导产业来抓。全县梨果生产呈现出高起点、大规模、产业化发展的良好态势，农民人均梨果收入达到l200元，占农民人均纯收入的一半以上。     

我国农业科技成果推广的现状、成因及采取对策

党的“十六大”以后,党中央、国务院把农业、农村、农民“三农”问题提到一定的位置,充分认识到“三农”问题已成为国民经济发展的瓶颈,中国的经济想再继续发展,必须首先解决“三农”问题。农村经济的发展最终要靠农业技术的进步,而农业技术进步的关键环节在于农业技术推广。农业推广系统是与农业科研成果产生系统及农民用户系统密切相联的。是在二者之间起到一个桥梁和纽带作用,科研成果最终转化为生产力到消费者、用户、农民手中,必须靠农业推广系统的推广、传播。     

关于农民增收问题的思考

农业、农村和农民问题是我国全面建设小康社会的重大问题。处理好“三农”问题,核心和关键在于增加农民收入。农民增收是一项复杂的社会系统工程,解决这一难题,必须认识和把握规律,把措施用在主要矛盾上,推动事物发展的进程,实现增收目标。 一、生产力是农民收入的决定因素,要把握好农村生产力发展的规律,靠生产力水平的提高促进农民增收 生产力决定生产关系,生产关系对生产力具有反作用,这是社会发展的基本规律。在农村经济中,无论是第一产业还是二、三产业,都是社会生产的组成部分,其生产方式是生产力与生产关系的统一。因而,作为反…     

我国发展农村经纪人解决“三农”问题

据国家工商总局对全国31个省市的最新统计．农村经纪人总户数超过38万户．经纪执业人员超过61万人．业务量1700亿元。在市场经济体制下。中国“三农”问题的核心，是农产品流通问题、农业生产和市场需求之间的有效衔接问题，此为农民最迫切和最困惑的问题．亦为农民在农业生产活动中面对的最根本的问题。因此．农产品流通、农业生产和市场需求的衔接是解决“三农”问题的关键．引导农民把农业当作产业来经营．做到跳出农业来看农业．培育和发展农村经纪人，是解决“三农”问题的一条重要途径。     

新形势下做好农民科技培训工作的几点思考

新形势下做好农民科技培训,其核心就是“发展农村经济、提高农民收入、培育新型农民”,关键就是培养高素质的新型农业劳动者。调整农业结构,加强农民培训,提高农民素质,已成为农业和农村工作的重要任务。而农民是农业生产的主体,农民科技文化素质的高低,直接决定着农业生产力的发展水平。因此,加强农民科技教育培训,提高劳动者素质是发展效益农业的必由之路。只有为农村培养、造就一大批“有文化、懂技术、善经营、会管理”的高素质新型农民,才能为现代农业发展和新农村建设提供智力支持和人才保证。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。