论牛的肉用、役用经济类型划分的意义和方法(BPI指数)

关于以一个量值指标来划分现今典型的肉用型牛和役用型牛品种，还未见有报导，本文提出肉用指数（Beef purpose index，简写BPI），即平均成年活重与体高的比值，作为划分肉用牛与役用牛（品种）的量值指标，经对国内外74个肉牛和役牛品种（类型）资料计算，平均BPI值，公牛：4．56kg/cm，母牛3．32kg/cm，以此作为划分役牛，肉牛的基本界限，与传统抽象描述法划分结果吻合良好，符合比率由92．6％，（国外肉用品种公牛平均值）到97．9％（国内黄牛品种母牛平均值）。     

A theory of beef production

Groups of maiden heifers (105 dairy and 119 beef) were treated twice with an 11-day-interval between injections of Cloprostenol (0.5 mg/i.m.), and were then inseminated at 72 h and 96 h after the second injection. The pregnancy rate (PR) was 39% in both types of heifers. Significant PR differences between groups of heifers were largely due to differences in the proportion of non-cycling (anoestrus) animals within each group. Excluding these animals from the analyses increased PR's to the set-time inseminations by over 11%.

An alternative treatment regime was used in a second series of trials. Entire bulls fitted with chin-ball mating harnesses were run with groups of heifers. Those heifers served in the first 11-day-period were subsequently injected with 0.5 mg of Cloprostenol 6 days later and inseminated 72 h and 96 h after treatment. The second sub-group of heifers served in the second 11-day-period received the same injection-insemination sequence. Unmated heifers were examined at the same time as the second sub-group was injected. The PR among the 90 treated dairy heifers (from a total of 102 animals) was 69%, and 58% in 163 treated beef heifers. Almost all of the heifers not served by bulls in the pretreatment period were subsequently found to be anoestrus, pregnant to a previous (unrecorded) mating, or abnormal (freemartin).

The use of oestrus synchronisation in maiden heifers can facilitate the use of AB with associated advantages through genetic improvement. The additional advantages in aspects of herd management, particularly in the reduction in the time-span of conventional AB programmes, may be its greatest use. In either case, the pretreatment identification, and the exclusion of heifers which cannot be successfully synchronised, will be important in obtaining satisfactory results.     

猪BPI蛋白重组载体的构建及真核表达

试验旨在构建猪BPI真核表达载体,获得猪源BPI重组蛋白.根据GenScript's CloneEZ^® PCR Cloning Kit试剂盒,将BPI编码序列克隆至pUC57载体上,酶切与测序鉴定无误后,将重组质粒pUC57-BPI转染293-6E细胞,并利用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting方法检测其表达水平.结果显示,本试验成功构建了猪源BPI蛋白真核表达载体pUC57-BPI,并在293-6E细胞培养上清中检测到猪源BPI重组蛋白的表达.该猪源BPI重组蛋白体外表达系统的建立为今后深入研究猪BPI的生物学功能以及猪抗菌蛋白的制备提供了试验基础.     

“平凉红牛”肉用指数的相关研究

[目的]研究不同生长阶段＂平凉红牛＂的肉用指数,为＂平凉红牛＂新类群的选育提供一定的依据。[方法]将19头＂平凉红牛＂公牛按同质原则分为试验组和对照组,分别为9头和10头,测定不同月龄的体重及体尺,计算其肉用指数。[结果]18月龄～24月龄,随着年龄、体重、体高的增长,肉用指数也随之增大。24月龄试验组和对照组肉用指数...     

试析提出牛肉用指数(BPI)概念的理论意义

为说明提出牛肉用指数(BPI)概念在养牛学知识体系中的理论意义,以学术史疏理及逻辑学方法,从概念的外延与内涵分析了BPI与牛重高比(WHR)的异同,指出BPI是WHR的特化和深化,以及提出BPI的原本思想;以BPI≥3.9 kg/cm构成肉牛业中判别为符合专用肉牛品种(品系)的必要依据之一;推论(2001)BPI有...     

维生素A在肉牛生产中的应用

针对维生素A对肉牛瘤胃发酵、生产性能及免疫功能的影响作一综述。     

BPI指数在西杂牛经济类型划分上的应用研究

[目的]进一步提高我区西杂牛的选育水平,为培育河西肉牛新类群提供理论依据。[方法]通过采用BPI指数法,对172头西杂牛的测定分析。[结果]一岁公牛BPI指数平均为6.81±1.24、二岁公牛为7.14±1.38、三岁公牛为5.58±1.47,均达到或超过5.9的肉用型指标;一岁母牛BPI指数平均为4.45±1.07、...     

复州牛改良情况调查研究

本研究调查了大连安波、庄河和四平镇的复州牛改良情况,通过测量体尺、评价体况,并利用肉用指数(Beef Perfomance Index,BPI)研究了牛群的经济类型。结果显示,489头改良成年母牛平均BPI为3.40~3.61,主要经济类型为肉役兼用型;23头复州成年母牛平均BPI为3.28,属役用型。改良牛群在体重、体尺生产性能指标等方面都比复州牛有了明显改善和提高。     

Laryngeal Hemiplegia in Draft Horses A Review of 27 Cases

Case records of 27 draft horses with laryngeal hemiplegia were reviewed. Twenty-one horses were treated by ventriculectomy with or without prosthetic laryngoplasty, and 17 owners were contacted to determine the results. Fifteen horses improved after surgery and were able to perform to the owners' expectations. Performance improved significantly and hospitalization was shorter after ventriculectomy alone. Results of this study indicate that the clinical signs of exercise intolerance and excessive inspiratory noise associated with left laryngeal hemiplegia in draft horses can be treated successfully by ventriculectomy without prosthetic laryngoplasty.     

南德温牛的种用特性研究

对纯种南德温牛的体尺、外貌、肉用指数、生产和繁殖性能、杂交效果及肉质等方面指标进行统计分析,这些特性的研究,对南德温牛种群的保种、扩繁、利用具有重要意义。