凡纳滨对虾不同池塘混养模式的弧菌数量变化

研究了对虾3种不同池塘混养模式(凡纳滨对虾与草鱼、革胡子鲶混养,凡纳滨对虾与草鱼混养,凡纳滨对虾与革胡子鲶混养)的养殖环境下,弧菌数量变化与环境因子(温度、DO、COD等)及对虾产量的关系.结果表明,3种对虾混养模式的弧菌数量变化与大部分环境因子的相关性不显著;弧菌数量变化与虾病有一定联系,3种混养模式中,对虾与草鱼、革胡子鲶混养模式比其他两种养殖模式弧菌数量低、稳定,虾病发生率低.     

凡纳滨对虾急性肝胰腺坏死综合症病虾与健康虾肠道优势菌群比较分析

为研究急性肝胰腺坏死综合征(Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome,AHPNS)病原对凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群的影响,获取更多的AHPNS防治基础资料,采用PCR-RFLP方法比较了江苏地区患AHPNS病虾和健康对虾肠道微生物群落。结果发现,不同生长阶段病虾肠道中均只有弧菌属细菌;对照的健康对虾中,幼虾肠道优势菌为假单胞菌属、食酸菌属和固氮螺菌属细菌;养殖中期对虾肠道优势菌为发光杆菌属、弧菌属和希瓦氏菌属细菌;养殖后期对虾肠道优势菌为弧菌属、红杆菌属、莱茵海默氏菌属细菌。研究结果表明,凡纳滨对虾患AHPNS后肠道微生物群落明显不同于健康对虾,肠道菌群多样性遭到破坏,弧菌为肠道内绝对优势细菌,不同生长阶段健康对虾的肠道优势菌存在差异。本研究探究了AHPNS病原对于凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群的影响,并为认识和防控AHPNS提供试验基础。     

1993年中国对虾暴发性流行病细菌病原学研究

１９９３年中国对虾发生了暴发性流行病。自病虾体内分离出多株细菌，主要是弧菌属和微球菌属。感染实验表明弧菌毒力强，球菌毒力相对弱。未除菌病虾组织浆悬液组比除菌病虾组织浆悬液组死亡快，证明细菌尤其是弧菌可加速暴发性流行病病虾的死亡，１６种不同药物敏感试验结果表明细菌对目前常用抗生素敏感性显降低。     

上海凡纳滨对虾源副溶血弧菌耐药性及其耐药基因检测分析

【目的】掌握上海地区养殖凡纳滨对虾源副溶血弧菌的耐药性及耐药基因携带情况,并明确耐药表型与耐药基因间的相关性,为科学防控凡纳滨对虾副溶血弧菌病及揭示耐药机制提供理论依据。【方法】通过K-B纸片扩散法检测21株上海凡纳滨对虾源副溶血弧菌对14种常见抗生素的敏感性,采用二倍稀释法测定高度敏感抗生素对副溶血弧菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,并以PCR检测其耐药基因的携带情况,包括β-内酰胺类耐药基因blaTEM和blaCARB、磺胺类耐药基因Sul II和Sul III、氨基糖苷类耐药基因strA和str B、四环素类耐药基因tetA及I类整合子inT1基因。【结果】21株上海凡纳滨对虾源副溶血弧菌对14种常见抗生素表现出不同程度的多重耐药性,六重耐药1株（4.76%）,五重耐药3株（14.29%）,四重耐药5株（23.81%）,三重耐药8株（38.10%）,二重耐药4株（19.05%）;AMP/PG/SMX和PG/SMX为优势耐药菌谱。上海凡纳滨对虾源副溶血弧菌对恩诺沙星的敏感率最高（90.48%）,对应的MIC为0.10~1.60μg/mL、MBC为3.20~12.80μg/mL。blaTEM、blaCARB、Sul II、Sul III、str B和inT1等耐药基因的检出率分别为23.81%、71.43%、33.33%、19.05%、9.52%和23.81%,未检测出strA和tetA基因。从21株上海凡纳滨对虾源副溶血弧菌中共检出11种耐药基因型,其优势耐药基因型有blaCARB（28.57%）、blaCARB-blaTEM（14.29%）、blaCARB-Sul II（14.29%）和Sul III-inT1（9.52%）。除str A基因和tetA基因外,其余耐药基因与其对应抗生素耐药表型间均存在相关性,但其相关性不显著（P>0.05）。【结论】上海凡纳滨对虾源副溶血弧菌对14种常见抗生素表现出不同程度的敏感性,对恩诺沙星的敏感性最高,故可考虑将恩诺沙星作为上海地区凡纳滨对虾副溶血弧菌病防控的备选药物。此外,针对对虾源副溶血弧菌日趋严重的多重耐药问题,应同时加强副溶血弧菌耐药基因及整合子携带情况的监测,掌握其流行趋势,以提高对虾副溶血弧菌病的防控策略。     

工厂化育苗养殖体系内细菌数量动态变化研究

[目的]探寻工厂化育苗中细菌的动态变化规律,为对虾健康养殖提供科学依据。[方法]对中国对虾育苗期养殖体系中的异养菌、弧菌、致病性副溶血弧菌进行监测。[结果]异养菌、弧菌和致病性副溶血菌数量都是对虾受精卵中高,无节幼体中最低,而后逐渐升高。在整个育苗期,对虾幼体中异养菌和养殖水体中弧菌增加1个数量级,对虾幼体中弧菌和养殖水体中异养菌均增加2个数量级。活饵中异养菌和弧菌数量很大,致病性副溶血弧菌量很低。养殖体系中幼体与水体中的异养菌和弧菌的相关系数分别为0.704和0.840;活饵中异养菌、弧菌与对虾幼体和养殖水体相关性很低或呈负相关。[结论]育苗期养殖水体与对虾幼体中细菌数量变化具有动态联系,严格控制养殖条件副溶血弧菌很难引起幼体疾病爆发,饵料中细菌数量与养殖系统中细菌数量无明显相关性。     

虾源副溶血弧菌致病基因检测与ERIC-PCR分型

为了监测上海市养殖对虾中副溶血弧菌致病基因的携带情况及潜在致病株流行情况,采用PCR方法对上海地区不同对虾养殖单位中分离获得的19株副溶血弧菌分离株及1株标准菌株进行6种致病基因的检测筛查,并采用ERIC-PCR方法进行基因分型分析。结果发现:19株副溶血弧菌中未检测出携带tdh、ORF8基因,只有1株携带trh基因,而tox RS/new基因携带率较高,19株中有14株检出阳性,基因携带率为73.7%。对能够引起对虾急性肝胰腺坏死病(AHPND)的副溶血弧菌特异性质粒基因的检测中发现,AP1和AP2基因均有3株检测出阳性,基因携带率均为15.8%。通过ERIC-PCR分型技术将20株副溶血弧菌分成7个不同的类群,其分辨力指数DI值为0.811,表明ERIC-PCR具有较好的基因分型能力,分型结果发现该方法能够有效区分不同时间段获得的菌株,而对不同地理位置获得的菌株区分并不明显。以上结果表明从养殖对虾中分离得到的副溶血弧菌致病基因携带率总体偏低,但存在一定的流行风险,需要防范一些新的致病株的流行,这些可以为对虾养殖单位中副溶血弧菌致病流行株的预防控制提供相关参考。     

鱼虾病兼用杀菌新药『鱼虾安』

鱼虾安是由山西省鱼虾安水产药业有限公司开发生产的既可用于防治鱼类暴发性疾病、传染性出血病、肠炎、烂鳃、赤皮、打印、竖鳞等病;又可防治对虾育苗期弧菌病、长杆菌病,养成期和亲虾的弧菌、红腿、烂眼、白斑、烂鳃等疾病.     

1株乳酸菌在凡纳滨对虾养殖中的应用效果

利用从对虾消化道分离出的1株乳酸菌优势菌株HN3,分别对哈维氏弧菌和副溶血弧菌进行体外拮抗实验,同时通过乳酸菌拌料投喂的方式开展凡纳滨对虾的养殖试验。结果表明:乳酸菌液及中和酸性后的胞外液均对2种弧菌有显著的抑制效果(P0.05);乳酸菌拌料投喂能显著提高对虾的养殖存活率、日增体质量和特定增长率(P0.05);对虾消化道和养殖水体中的乳酸菌和总细菌数量大幅增加,弧菌数量显著降低(P0.05),其中,以乳酸菌添加剂量4×106~5×106cfu·g-1的综合养殖效果最佳。此株乳酸菌适应对虾消化道的环境并能定植,对抑制对虾消化道弧菌数量、优化体内菌群组成和改善养殖环境有重要的作用。     

一株虾源假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas sp.)的分离鉴定及口服后对对虾体内弧菌的影响

为探讨对虾细菌性病原的微生物防控技术,采用牛津杯打孔法对分离自对虾育苗池的一株编号为2021041402-14的细菌(简称“02HN”)进行了抗菌测试,分析其对欧文氏弧菌(Vibrio owensii)、哈维氏弧菌(V.harveyi)、坎贝氏弧菌(V.campbellii)、溶藻弧菌(V.alginolyticus)、副溶血弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)和美人鱼发光杆菌(Photobacterium damselae)等6株虾病原菌的抑菌效果及最低抑菌浓度,通过浸泡感染测试了菌株02HN对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)的生物毒性,采用16S rRNA、gyrB-rpoD串联基因序列比对法及生理生化方法对该菌进行了鉴定,并将该菌添加到饲料中投喂对虾,评价该菌对对虾体内弧菌数量的影响。结果表明：菌株02HN对欧文氏弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、坎贝氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌和美人鱼发光杆菌均具有抑菌效果,其最低抑菌浓度分别为2.32×10⁴、2.32×10³、2.32×10⁶、2.32×10     

工厂化育苗养殖体系内细菌数量动态变化研究

以异养菌、弧菌、副溶血弧菌为监测对象,对中国对虾的工厂化育苗进行实时监测,探寻育苗过程中细菌的动态变化规律,为对虾健康养殖提供科学依据。     

高位虾池水体细菌和弧菌的数量变化及影响因素

研究了位于广东湛江东海岛北寮村和庵里村的4个凡纳滨对虾（Penaeus vannamei）高位池养殖过程水体中的可培养异养细菌和弧菌的数量变化及其影响因素.结果表明：1）北寮村虾池BL1和BL2的可培养异养细菌数量变化均呈现中间高两头低、后期多于初期的单峰变化趋势;BL1的弧菌数量变化趋势和可培养异养细菌的变化趋势相似,而BL2则是前期稍微升高而后下降,后期又呈升高态势,峰值出现在养殖末期;水源地BL3的可培养异养细菌数量变化为初期平缓,后期明显多于初期,大体呈上升态势;而BL3弧菌数量变化趋势则比较平缓.2）庵里村发病的虾池AL1的可培养异养细菌和弧菌数量呈现出单峰变化趋势,在养殖中途爆发病害时,可培养异养细菌数量高出未发病的正常池2个数量级;庵里村虾池AL2的可培养异养细菌数量变化趋势也是中间高两头低,而弧菌的数量变化则是无规律的波动;水源地AL3的可培养异养细菌数量变化大体呈下降趋势,弧菌数量放养初期最高.3）高位虾池的可培养异养细菌和弧菌数量虽多于水源地,但差异不显著,同一个位点,细菌和弧菌数量呈现同步增多或减少.虾场水体的可培养异养细菌和弧菌数量与多数环境因子之间相关性不显著,这与虾池养殖生态系统受人为因素影响较大有关,同时反映了高位虾池生态系统受多种因子作用的复杂性.     

Study on the Quantity Dynamic Changes of Heterobacteria and Vibrios in Larvae Industrialized Culture System

[Objective] The dynamic change of heterebacteria and vibrios in larvae industrialized culture system was studied to provide scientific reference for healthy cultivation of shrimp. [Method] The hcterobacteria, vibrios and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus were monitored in larvae industrialized cul-ture system. [Result] The heterobacteria, vibrios and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus were the most in fertilized eggs of shrimp but the least in naupli-us, then their number would increase with growth. During whole rearing period, both heterobscteria in larvae, vibrios in water would increase by one order of magnitude, while both vibrios in larvae and heterobacteria in water would increase by two orders of magnitude. There were many heterohacteria and vibri-os but few vibrio parahaemolyticus in living bait. The correlation coeffcients between larvae and heterobacteria and vibrios in water were 0.704 and 0.840 in culture system respectively, while the correlation among heterobacteria, vibrios in living bait and larvae, water were weak or negative. [Conclusion] There was a dynamic relation between water and larvae in rearing period, and restrictly control of culture condition would restrain the occurrence of disceae caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus, besides that bacteria number in bait was not obviously correlated with bacteria nubmer in culture system.     

Study on the Quantity Dynamic Changes of Heterobacteria and Vibrios in Larvae Industrialized Culture System

[Objective] The dynamic change of heterobacteria and vibrios in larvae industrialized culture system was studied to provide scientific reference for healthy cultivation of shrimp.[Method] The heterobacteria,vibrios and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus were monitored in larvae industrialized culture system.[Result] The heterobacteria,vibrios and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus were the most in fertilized eggs of shrimp but the least in nauplius,then their number would increase with growth. During whole rearing period,both heterobacteria in larvae,vibrios in water would increase by one order of magnitude,while both vibrios in larvae and heterobacteria in water would increase by two orders of magnitude.There were many heterobacteria and vibrios but few vibrio parahaemolyticus in living bait.The correlation coefficients between larvae and heterobacteria and vibrios in water were 0.704 and 0.840 in culture system respectively,while the correlation among heterobacteria,vibrios in living bait and larvae,water were weak or negative.[Conclusion] There was a dynamic relation between water and larvae in rearing period,and restrictly control of culture condition would restrain the occurrence of disease caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus,besides that bacteria number in bait was not obviously correlated with bacteria nubmer in culture system.     

工厂化育苗养殖体系内细菌数量动态变化研究(英文)

[Objective] The dynamic change of heterobacteria and vibrios in larvae industrialized culture system was studied to provide scientific reference for healthy cultivation of shrimp.[Method] The heterobacteria,vibrios and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus were monitored in larvae industrialized culture system.[Result] The heterobacteria,vibrios and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus were the most in fertilized eggs of shrimp but the least in nauplius,then their number would increase with growth. During whole rearing period,both heterobacteria in larvae,vibrios in water would increase by one order of magnitude,while both vibrios in larvae and heterobacteria in water would increase by two orders of magnitude.There were many heterobacteria and vibrios but few vibrio parahaemolyticus in living bait.The correlation coefficients between larvae and heterobacteria and vibrios in water were 0.704 and 0.840 in culture system respectively,while the correlation among heterobacteria,vibrios in living bait and larvae,water were weak or negative.[Conclusion] There was a dynamic relation between water and larvae in rearing period,and restrictly control of culture condition would restrain the occurrence of disease caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus,besides that bacteria number in bait was not obviously correlated with bacteria nubmer in culture system.     

一株蛭弧菌的分离、纯化与PCR鉴定

以弧菌为宿主菌,从南美白对虾养殖池水中分离纯化到一株蛭弧菌,根据噬菌蛭弧菌hit基因序列设计引物并进行PCR扩增,得到了近710bp的扩增产物,经测序比对鉴定,该产物与噬菌蛭弧菌的hit基因100%同源,表明该菌为噬菌蛭弧菌(Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus)。     

复方马齿苋对南美白对虾生长和抗病力的影响

为了解复方马齿苋对南美白对虾生长和抗病力的作用,将复方马齿苋分别按1%(A组)、2%(B组)、3%(C组)的比例添加于饲料中投喂南美白对虾,与不添加组(D组)作对比试验。饲养20d后的测定结果表明,A、B、C组的南美白对虾增重率比对照组显著提高,饵饲料系数比对照组显著降低。分别用溶藻弧菌和白斑病毒做攻毒试验,结果表明A、B、C组的存活率显著高于对照组。     

鸡弧菌性肝炎的病理学研究

本文对产蛋母鸡发生鸡弧菌性肝炎后所表现出的临床症状及尸体剖检变化和病理组织学变化作了较为详细的观察与研究，为鸡弧菌性肝炎的进一步研究和临床诊断提供一定的理论依据     

文蛤生物体及内脏中弧菌的研究

[目的]鉴定文蛤体内弧菌的类型及致病性强度,并筛选治疗这些病原菌的最佳药物。[方法]用TCBS培养基从文蛤生物体内分离出12株弧菌,对其进行致病性试验,对致病性较强的3株弧菌进行鉴定及药物敏感试验。[结果]该3株菌分别为河流弧菌H04（Vibrio fluvialis）,H06副溶血弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）,H11创伤弧菌（Vibrio vulnificus）,其对环丙沙星、先锋赛高度敏感,对青霉素G、先锋霉素V有耐药性,临床上可以首选环丙沙星、先锋赛作为治疗这些病原菌的药物,其次是头孢曲松、氟哌酸、丁胺卡那、四环素、庆大霉素等。[结论]结果为文蛤疾病的防治提供了理论依据。     

舟山黄大洋海域春秋季虾类种类组成和数量分布

采用2010年5月（眷）、11月（秋）对舟山黄大洋海域开展渔业资源底拖网调查所获得的虾类资料,用渔获率作为虾类资源数量分布的指标,对舟山黄大洋海域的虾类种类组成和数量分布进行了分析研究.结果表明：黄大洋春秋季共鉴定出虾类17种,隶属于9科、13属,优势种为葛氏长臂虾、脊额鞭腕虾、细螯虾和安氏白虾,其中葛氏长臂虾是春秋季的绝对优势种,脊额鞭腕虾、细螯虾是春季的优势种,安氏白虾则是秋季的优势种,根据虾类的生态习性分析得知,分布在本次调查海域的虾类可以分成3种生态类群,但以广温广盐性种类为主.不同季节的虾类渔获量及重量平均渔获率是秋季明显多于春季（秋季虾类平均渔获率为春季的6.4倍）.春季以黄大洋西北部与东南部虾类渔获量相对较高,秋季则是以北部与南部相对较高.