辽西奶牛乳房炎优势病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

采集辽西地区5个城市的临床型奶牛乳房炎奶样89份,采用形态学观察和基因分析法进行了细菌的分离鉴定,结果显示优势病原菌依次为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和无乳链球菌。应用生物梅里埃药敏试剂盒测定所分离的乳房炎主要病原菌对常用抗生素的药物敏感性,结果表明金黄色葡萄球菌敏感率较高的药物有米诺环素、呋喃妥因、喹奴普汀、克林霉素,而耐药率较高的药物有青霉素、苯唑西林、万古霉素、红霉素;大肠杆菌敏感率较高的药物有头孢西丁、替卡西林,而耐药率较高的药物依次为阿莫西林、头孢噻吩、环丙沙星、复方新诺明;无乳链球菌对氨苄西林、万古霉素、利福平、替考拉宁敏感率高达100%,四环素、链霉素次之,而对青霉素、环丙沙星耐药率较高;依据上述结果,青霉素和环丙沙星应为临床治疗奶牛乳房炎的淘汰药物。该结果为针对辽西地区防治奶牛乳房炎采取科学合理的防治措施提供了可靠依据。     

Nisin对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌的体外抗菌作用研究

从杭州郊区奶牛场的乳房炎病例中分离到金黄色葡萄球菌和无乳链球菌各20株。药敏试验表明，50％以上的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株对苯唑青霉素、氟哌酸、复方新诺明和链霉素耐药；乳酸链球菌素（Nisin）在体外对无乳链球菌和青霉素耐药和敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌均有抗菌作用。采用微量TTC法测定牛奶中Nisin的体外抗菌作用，结果表明Nisin在牛奶中对两种乳房炎致病菌也有抗菌作用，但略低于在普通肉汤培养基的作用。     

犬脓皮病病原菌的药敏试验

对36例犬脓皮病分离出的103株细菌进行药物敏感性试验。结果表明,88株葡萄球菌对万古霉素(100%)、苯唑西林(94.3%)和氯霉素(88.6%)等敏感率较高;对青霉素(29.5%)、四环素(22.7%)和复方新诺明(18.2%)敏感率较低;24株葡萄球菌对多种抗生素同时耐药。10株微球菌对环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星和恩诺沙星全部敏感,对万古霉素敏感率仅为90%,对红霉素、克林霉素和复方新诺明敏感率均为0。5株棒状杆菌对万古霉素、头孢曲松、恩诺沙星和阿米卡星敏感,对青霉素(20%)、氨苄西林(25%)、苯唑西林(40%)等敏感率较低。     

奶牛乳房炎MTT检测方法的药敏试验研究

用MTT法对奶样中细菌进行药敏试验（氨苄青霉素、复方新诺明、头孢噻肟、头孢唑林钠、链霉素、红霉素、庆大霉素、阿米卡星和氟哌酸9种抗菌药）,并与传统的纸片琼脂扩散法进行比较研究。结果表明,除了氟哌酸抑菌结果有差异,奶样中的细菌对链霉素、红霉素和复方新诺明耐药,对庆大霉素和阿米卡星中度敏感,对氨苄青霉素、头孢唑林钠、头孢噻肟敏感,两种试验方法的结果基本一致。说明MTT法可作为药敏试验的一种方法,直接用于检测乳房炎奶牛的细菌药敏试验。     

犬脓皮病病原菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了研究犬脓皮病致病菌的种类及其对抗生素的敏感性,采用细菌培养、分离、革兰染色和生化试验等方法鉴别病原菌;采用Kirby-Bauer药物纸片琼脂扩散法对病原菌进行药敏试验。结果表明：病犬发病部位的病原菌为中间型葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。中间型葡萄球菌对头孢拉啶和头孢氨苄敏感,敏感率为20%;对羧苄西林和头孢他啶中度敏感,中度敏感率为20%;对红霉素、卡那霉素、复方新诺明、哌拉西林、青霉素和苯唑西林产生耐药,耐药率为60%。金黄色葡萄球菌对头孢拉啶和头孢氨苄敏感,敏感率为20%;对羧苄西林和哌拉西林中度敏感,中度敏感率为20%;对红霉素、卡那霉素、复方新诺明、头孢他啶、青霉素和苯唑西林产生耐药,耐药率为60%。     

奶牛乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

对发生在洛阳地区的牛乳房炎的病原进行了分离鉴定,分离出的病原菌主要有β-溶血性链球菌、葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌。以试管2倍稀释法对分离出来的主要感染菌链球菌、葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌进行体外抑菌试验．测定了阿莫西林等25种药物对上述3种细菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。其中大肠埃希氏菌对头孢唑啉、庆大霉素、链霉素、乳酸环丙沙星和氧氟沙星、洛美沙星敏感,对氨苄西林、头孢呋辛钠、三甲氧苄啶和新诺明等耐药：葡萄球菌对阿莫西林、头孢他啶、克林霉素、庆大霉素、新诺明、乳酸环丙沙星和氧氟沙星敏感,对氨苄西林钠、头孢唑啉、多西环素、三甲氧苄啶、盐酸洛美沙星等耐药;β-溶血性链球菌对克林霉素、氧氟沙星敏感,对氨苄西林钠耐药．     

猪链球菌2型的分离鉴定与药敏试验

从广东省某猪场病猪脑内分离到1株细菌,经培养特性观察、镜检、生化鉴定和PCR检测,结果鉴定为链球菌2型。该菌对阿莫西林、头孢拉定、头孢喹肟、头孢曲松均敏感;对青霉素G、氨苄西林、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、阿奇霉素、多西霉素中度敏感;对林可霉素、壮观霉素、链霉素、土霉素、复方新诺明、阿米卡星耐药。     

规模化猪场沙门氏菌分离鉴定及耐药性分析

从吉林开发区周边3个规模化猪场采集腹泻病猪的病料,经培养特性和细菌形态观察,生化鉴定,结合临床症状及流行病学特点,分离鉴定出沙门氏菌菌株.并用12种药物做了药敏试验,结果沙门氏杆菌对阿米卡星、卡那霉素高度敏感;对四环素、磺胺六甲氧嘧啶、左氧氟沙星中度敏感;对青霉素、链霉素、四环素、土霉素、红霉素、恩诺沙星、氟哌酸耐药.     

鸡源大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验研究

本试验通过对大肠杆菌进行分离纯化、生化鉴定等步骤分离出三株大肠杆菌,再用肉汤稀释法对大肠杆菌进行药敏试验。结果表明,其中全部3株大肠杆菌都对硫酸庆大霉素、硫酸安普霉素、硫酸黏菌素、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、达氟沙星、左氧氟沙星、阿米卡星、环丙沙星、硫酸新霉素敏感。对大环霉素一株中度敏感,两株不敏感。对硫酸链霉素一株中度敏感,两株不敏感。其中全部的三株大肠杆菌对泰妙霉素耐药,而泰乐霉素则不起任何有效作用。     

犊牛腹泻大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为确定引起湘西北地区某肉牛养殖场犊牛腹泻发生的致病菌种类并分析其耐药性,采用常规培养、革兰染色镜检和生化试验等方法对致病菌进行分离鉴定,利用药物纸片琼脂扩散法(Kirby-Bauer)对分离菌进行药敏试验。结果表明,引起犊牛腹泻的主要致病菌为大肠杆菌;临床分离的大肠杆菌对头孢哌酮、头孢唑林、米诺环素、头孢曲松4种抗生素敏感;对头孢呋辛和头孢他啶2种抗生素中度敏感;对头孢氨苄、哌拉西林、红霉素、万古霉素、强力霉素、青霉素、氨苄西林、羧苄西林、麦迪霉素、环丙沙星、链霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、头孢拉定、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、苯唑西林、复方新诺明、诺氟沙星、奥复酸、四环素、多西环素、林可霉素22种抗菌药物产生耐药性。分离出的大肠杆菌对多种抗菌药物产生耐药性,研究结果为养殖场科学诊断和治疗犊牛腹泻提供了有效依据。     

青海省部分规模化奶牛场乳房炎主要病原菌调查分析

为了初步摸清青海省部分规模化奶牛场奶牛乳房炎的发病情况,本研究采集了青海省5个规模化奶牛场共142份样品,进行细菌的分离鉴定、生化实验及耐药性检测。发现在5个规模化奶牛场中都有不同程度的乳房炎发生。鉴定结果显示,在142份样品中共检出大肠杆菌20株,检出率为14.08%(20/142);金黄色葡萄球菌6株,检出率为4.23%(6/142);链球菌2株,检出率为1.41%(2/142)。耐药性检测结果显示,大肠杆菌对氟苯尼考高度敏感,对头孢他啶、丁胺卡那比较敏感,对青霉素、链霉素等其他药物耐药。金黄色葡萄球菌对万古霉素、阿莫西林、氨苄西林、头孢他啶较敏感,对其他药物耐药。链球菌对阿莫西林、氨苄西林敏感,对其他药物耐药。     

3株猪源大肠埃希氏菌耐药基因的初步定位

本试验旨在对临床分离的猪源大肠埃希氏菌耐药基因进行初步定位。采用常规细菌分离培养、16S rRNA PCR扩增和序列测定方法从江西省3个规模化猪场送检的子宫脓液中分离鉴定病原菌,并通过质粒提取、转化大肠埃希氏菌DH5α感受态细胞及药敏试验对临床分离株的耐药基因进行初步定位。结果显示,分离鉴定到3株大肠埃希氏菌,其中JX-22分离株仅对氧氟沙星、大观霉素敏感,JX-26分离株仅对链霉素、氧氟沙星等4种药物敏感,JX-28分离株仅对氧氟沙星等3种药物敏感,均为多重耐药菌;3株大肠埃希氏菌均可纯化到分子质量大小不一的质粒。分离株、质粒转化菌及大肠埃希氏菌DH5α感受态细胞药敏试验对比结果显示,3株大肠埃希氏菌的耐链霉素、林可霉素、甲硝唑、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、大观霉素、丁胺卡那基因,JX-22和JX-26分离株的耐多西环素、氟苯尼考和复方新诺明基因,JX-22分离株的耐头孢曲松基因,JX-28分离株的耐头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、诺氟沙星基因均定位于细菌质粒上;JX-28分离株的耐多西环素、氟苯尼考和复方新诺明基因,JX-22分离株的耐诺氟沙星基因和JX-26分离株的耐头孢曲松、头孢噻肟基因均定位于其染色体上;3株分离株均无氧氟沙星耐药基因。本试验初步确定3株多重耐药猪源大肠埃希氏菌的大部分耐药基因定位于质粒上,为进一步研究猪源大肠埃希氏菌的耐药机理和有效控制措施奠定基础。     

猪大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

对湘西北地区某猪场患病的仔猪的粪便及病变的脾脏、肝脏、淋巴结、肺脏、肾水肿液进行病原菌分离鉴定,并用Kirby-Bauer法测定分离菌株对15种抗菌药的敏感性。结果表明,患病仔猪分离到大肠杆菌和猪葡萄球菌两种细菌。其中大肠杆菌对庆大霉素、头孢呋肟、丁胺卡那霉素、四环素、先锋必素敏感,对氯霉素、氧哌嗪青霉素、先锋五号、头孢曲松钠、新霉素中介,对羧苄青霉素、强力霉素、青霉素、氨苄青霉素、红霉素有较高的耐药性。葡萄球菌对先锋霉素Ⅴ、丁胺卡那霉素敏感,对头孢曲松钠中介,对其他抗生素耐药。其中大肠杆菌对药物敏感率、中介率、耐药率均为33.33%;葡萄球菌的敏感率为13.33%,中介率为6.67%,耐药率为80.00%。     

The current antimicrobial resistance situation in Swiss veterinary medicine]

Antimicrobial susceptibility data (n = 1501) and bacterial isolates (n = 258) of important bacterial pathogens from animals were collected in collaboration with eight Swiss laboratories from May 1999 to February 2000. Using these data, the antimicrobial resistance situation could be assessed for the following bacterial species: Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Haemophilus parasuis, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Campylobacter jejuni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Streptococci, and enterococci. Differences in the distribution of resistance between animal species could be evidenced in E. coli and salmonella. Some resistance frequency data were compared with those obtained in 1980. A significant increase of resistance frequency was observed for several antibiotics. This includes in particular an increase of ampicillin, gentamicin, and cotrimoxazole resistance in E. coli. A similar increase was observed in salmonella for ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and nalidixic acid. Staphylococci from dogs (S. intermedius and S. aureus) also presented a clear increase of resistance for penicillin, neomycin, sulfonamides, cotrimoxazole, and erythromycin. Finally, a comparison with data from abroad shows that the antibiotic resistance situation in Switzerland is relatively favorable.     

Sensitivity to various antibiotics of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from samples of milk from Dutch dairy cattle

During recent years the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in milk samples from Dutch dairy cows has increased. In 1999 16.2% of the bacteria isolated from milk collected from cows with subclinical mastitis were coagulase-negative staphylococci. In 2004 this proportion was 42.2%. The proportion of coagulase-negative staphylococci of the bacteria isolated from milk samples from cows with clinical mastitis was 7.3% in 1999 and 14.1% in 2004. In this study, the susceptibility of 108 coagulase-negative staphylococci to oxacillin, cefquinome, streptomycin, neomycin, penicillin, and the combination of nafcillin, penicillin, and streptomycin was tested. The isolates were cultured from milk collected from cows with mastitis and typed using the Api-Staph system. Eight species were identified. Staphylococcus chromogenes was the predominant species (41.7%), followed by Staphylococcus xylosus (15.7%) and Staphylococcus simulans (10.2%). With the agar dilution method all strains proved to be sensitive to cefquinome and 90% to oxacillin. Three isolates (2.8%) were mecA-positive. Despite the agar dilution results, these three isolates should be considered resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillins, penicillins combined with a beta-lactamase inhibitor and all generations of cephalosporins). In the agar diffusion test, all isolates proved to be sensitive to the combination of nafcillin-penicillin-streptomycin, 99% were sensitive to neomycin and 1% intermediate sensitive, and 95% were sensitive to streptomycin, 4% resistant, and 1% intermediate sensitive. The coagulase-negative staphylococci were highly resistant to penicillin (37.4%), although the level of resistance varied between species, from 0% for Staphylococcus simulans to 100% for Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Because coagulase-negative staphylococci are resistant to several antibiotics, sensitivity testing is important for targeted treatment of mastitis.     

The resistance to anti-microbial agents of bacteria isolated from pathological conditions of birds in Victoria, 1978 to 1983

The resistance to anti-microbial agents of bacteria isolated from pathological conditions of birds in Victoria, 1978 to 1983, was determined for isolates of Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Pasteurella multocida, P. anatipestifer, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Haemophilus paragallinarum. The isolates of E. coli had a high prevalence of resistance to tetracycline and sulphonamides, and a lower prevalence of resistance to furazolidone and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The isolates of Salmonella spp commonly had resistance to tetracycline, sulphonamides, furazolidone and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Almost half the isolates of S. aureus showed resistance to lincomysin and many showed resistance to penicillin. Resistance to tetracycline was found in isolates of P. multocida, P. anatepestifer and Y. pseudotuberculosis. Some isolates of H. paragallinarum showed resistance to sulphonamides, streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim.     

石河子地区隐性乳房炎奶牛源大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了解引起石河子地区规模化奶牛场隐性乳房炎奶牛源大肠杆菌的流行情况及其耐药性,本试验采用兰州乳房炎检测板(Lanzhou mastitis test,LMT)对石河子地区11个规模化奶牛场进行了检测,同时对无菌采集的检测为阳性的乳样进行了大肠杆菌分离鉴定及耐药性分析.结果显示,石河子地区11个规模化奶牛场的隐性乳房炎感染阳性率为44.56%(313/1950);对313份无菌采集的乳样进行细菌分离鉴定,结果共分离出病原菌108株,其中大肠杆分离率为14.81%(16/108);药敏试验结果显示16株大肠杆菌对氧氟沙星、头孢唑啉、克林霉素高度敏感,对庆大霉素、氨苄西林、链霉素中度敏感,对阿莫西林、四环素有耐药性.本试验为该地区大肠杆菌源性隐性乳房炎的防制提供科学依据.     

鸡源大肠杆菌强毒株耐药基因的定位及耐药质粒消除

本试验对临床分离的多重耐药鸡源致病性大肠杆菌强毒株的耐药基因进行初步定位,为临床选择合适的治疗策略提供理论依据。从送检病死鸡的肝脏、心脏中分离鉴定致病菌,质粒提取试剂盒提取分离菌的耐药质粒,转化入基因工程菌JM109,通过质粒纯化、电泳和药敏试验对耐药基因进行了初步定位。并用艾叶水煮液对该菌株进行体外耐药质粒消除试验。结果分离鉴定到1株强毒力鸡源大肠杆菌,该菌呈多重耐药性,且仅对氟奇霉素和链霉素敏感;由质粒转化和药敏试验结果可初步将耐环丙沙星、青霉素、氧氟沙星、氟哌酸、林可霉素和复方新诺明的基因定位于耐药质粒上,并可随质粒的转移而使转化菌获得耐药性;用艾叶水煮液可使该菌的耐药质粒消除率达60%;质粒消除菌的药敏试验结果表明,消除耐药质粒的细菌恢复了对环丙沙星、青霉素、氧氟沙星、氟哌酸、林可霉素和复方新诺明的敏感性。本研究结果表明,分离菌的耐药基因分别位于质粒和染色体上,艾叶对耐药质粒有较强的消除作用,可作为临床治疗用药。     

犊牛大肠杆菌病病原的分离鉴定

从陕西杨凌某发病牛场采取腹泻犊牛病料5份,经微生物学诊断,从中分离出革兰阴性疑似致病菌6株。经生物学特性和生理生化试验鉴定,6株分离菌均为致病性大肠埃希菌。对分离菌进行抗生素敏感性试验,结果表明,该致病菌对氯霉素、菌必治、氧氟沙星、阿米卡星及卡那霉素等高度敏感;对妥布霉素、呋喃妥因和复达欣等中度敏感,对链霉素、庆大霉素、利福平、复方新诺明、四环素及红霉素等有较强的耐药性。动物致病性试验结果表明,该菌对小鼠有强致病性。     

鸡源大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及耐药分析

为探究甘肃省民勤县某饲养场肉仔鸡腹泻的病原及复方中草药制剂和抗生素分别对分离病原的抑菌效果,对7日龄病死肉鸡进行解剖，通过采集死亡肉仔鸡肝脏、脾脏、心脏进行病原菌分离培养、形态观察、16S rDNA分子鉴定，最终鉴定该病死肉仔鸡为大肠杆菌与沙门氏菌混合感染。抑菌结果显示，复方中草药对分离得到的大肠杆菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌、鸡副伤寒沙门氏菌均有良好的抑菌效果。10种抗生素药敏试验结果显示，此三株菌同时对氨苄西林、环丙沙星、四环素、恩诺沙星四种药物耐药；鸡大肠杆菌对庆大霉素、阿米卡星敏感，鸡白痢沙门氏菌对链霉素、氟苯尼考、头孢噻肟敏感，鸡副伤寒沙门氏菌对头孢曲松、链霉素、头孢噻肟敏感。上述研究结果为肉仔鸡大肠杆菌与沙门氏菌混合感染的分离鉴定以及科学指导用药提供参考。