大理洱海公园杜鹃园景观设计

通过对杜鹃园现状条件分析,在尊重地方场所和文脉精神的基础上,充分挖掘杜鹃文化内涵,应用各类杜鹃品种与植物群落景观特征,营造一个具有一定景观和文化氛围的主题园,并总结了杜鹃园设计的方法和要点.     

2019北京世界园艺博览会广东展园"南粤园"设计

2019北京世界园艺博览会广东展园"南粤园",是通过对岭南传统园林进行分析与总结,并以此为范本进行的一次成功的造园实践。它以"南粤情,故乡水"为设计主题,以岭南山水庭院为骨架,采用前庭后院的布局方式,结合置石堆山、"三雕三塑"等岭南传统工艺,营造了南粤风情的独特意境。更以可观、可游、宜留的参与方式营造了充满生活情趣的景观氛围,深层次体现了岭南包容开放、兼收并蓄的地域特征和入情入世、追求生活真实的文化性格。通过严谨的施工组织与科学的植物养护,保证"南粤园"景观效果在开园期间的最佳呈现,并在会后实现低成本、可持续的延续。     

岭南传统园林景观发展思路探讨——以广州琶洲塔公园为例

传统的岭南园林景观是与特定的地理环境相适应而产生和发展的,是岭南地域性历史文化的积累和体现。从地域文化的角度开展景观设计研究,有利于更好地发挥景观及其外部空间的生态交流特性,增进公园景观与区域大环境的和谐发展。文章以广州琶洲塔公园为例,从地域文脉的角度阐述了新时期园林发展的思路。     

2011西安世界园艺博览会唐山展园设计初探

世界园艺博览会展园设计,是在有限较小的空间内,运用园林设计手法将城市主要地域特征有选择的浓缩融于展园并用园林元素进行有效的表达.唐山展园以“凤凰苑”为主题,占地955m2.通过“湖光”、“海韵”、“和谐”3个区域,展示与表达了唐山自然、历史、产业、文化、环境等地域特色,并与西安世界园艺博览园在主体与形式上实现了有机连接.通过对唐山展园设计理念、地域特色表达进行分析,探讨展园设计特色的表达形式     

探寻中国古典园林与现代景观设计的交融之路——北京大观园酒店庭院景观设计

中国传统文化源远流长,是现代景观设计汲取营养和挖掘内涵的重要宝库。本文以北京大观园酒店庭院景观设计为例来分析,如何继承和发展中国古典园林设计理念及空间处理手法,并与现代景观设计的重要特性——大众公共活动空间的特性相结合,从而营造既能符合现代都市居民的需求,同时创造出亲近自然的多元化景观空间。这有助于具有地域特色、时代特色和民族特色的标志性景观的创建,从而避免因盲目模仿而产生的雷同作品。     

色彩景观在园林设计中的应用探讨

通过研究色彩景观在园林设计应用的目的,可以找到适合中国园林景观色彩设计的途径。介绍了景观色彩对人的重要影响,提出色彩景观在园林设计中具体应用措施:充分挖掘地域文化特色结合色彩景观的应用;突出主题,分层设计。     

城市小游园景观设计初探--以孝感新月园景观设计为例

文章对孝感市新月园小游园场地现状进行调查、分析和研究,以其设计理念为主线,围绕五大文化内涵、六大功能分区、七大特色景点进行了设计探索。认为必须根据创意理念并体现本地文化特色进行设计,才能建造有文化内涵的地域景观。     

凸显地域特色的城市展园设计浅析——2012年河北省园博园燕赵园设计

该文对燕赵园地域景观表达、地域文化表达及造园景观材料选择进行了分析,以诠释"地域文化渗透与表达"的主题,同时为相关展园设计提供参考。     

地域文化与生态文化在景观建设中的应用——以鄂尔多斯市“田园都市”社区景观设计为例

"田园都市"是鄂尔多斯新规划的一处国家示范移民新区,本次景观设计采用现代中外造园手法,充分挖掘鄂尔多斯地域文化内涵,与植物文化有机融合,突出"田园都市"的景观文化主题,体现绿地景观、文化展示、居民休闲、社区示范四大功能,寓意"田园都市"象一只展翅高飞的雄鹰,翱翔于蓝天、白云与草地之间,为牧民安置营建一处"绿色家园"。     

绵阳市后工业景观元素比较研究

指出了以三线建设文化为主题打造的跃进路历史文化街区和126文化创意园是绵阳市两处具有代表性的后工业景观。对跃进路历史文化街区和126文化创意园的建筑、植物、景观设施等景观元素进行了比较分析,结果发现:两处景观在满足市政服务和改善生态环境功能需求的同时,通过创意景观元素,实现了现代文明与三线建设文化的融合,得以三线建设文化为主题的后工业景观成为现代城市发展建设中传承城市文化精神:诠释城市文化形象、展现地域文化特色,改善人居生态环境的重要途径。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.