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1.
Oh JS  Susor A  Conti M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6028):462-465
Waves of cyclin synthesis and degradation regulate the activity of Cdc2 protein kinase during the cell cycle. Cdc2 inactivation by Wee1B-mediated phosphorylation is necessary for arrest of the oocyte at G2-prophase, but it is unclear whether this regulation functions later during the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. We show that reactivation of a Wee1B pathway triggers the decrease in Cdc2 activity during egg activation. When Wee1B is down-regulated, oocytes fail to form a pronucleus in response to Ca(2+) signals. Calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) activates Wee1B, and CaMKII-driven exit from metaphase II is inhibited by Wee1B down-regulation, demonstrating that exit from metaphase requires not only a proteolytic degradation of cyclin B but also the inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc2 by Wee1B.  相似文献   

2.
Entry into mitosis in eukaryotes requires the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1). Cdk1 is opposed by protein phosphatases in two ways: They inhibit activation of Cdk1 by dephosphorylating the protein kinases Wee1 and Myt1 and the protein phosphatase Cdc25 (key regulators of Cdk1), and they also antagonize Cdk1's own phosphorylation of downstream targets. A particular form of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) containing a B55δ subunit (PP2A- B55δ) is the major protein phosphatase that acts on model CDK substrates in Xenopus egg extracts and has antimitotic activity. The activity of PP2A-B55δ is high in interphase and low in mitosis, exactly opposite that of Cdk1. We report that inhibition of PP2A-B55δ results from a small protein, known as α-endosulfine (Ensa), that is phosphorylated in mitosis by the protein kinase Greatwall (Gwl). This converts Ensa into a potent and specific inhibitor of PP2A-B55δ. This pathway represents a previously unknown element in the control of mitosis.  相似文献   

3.
During axon guidance, the ventral guidance of the Caenorhabditis elegans anterior ventral microtubule axon is controlled by two cues, the UNC-6/netrin attractant recognized by the UNC-40/DCC receptor and the SLT-1/slit repellent recognized by the SAX-3/robo receptor. We show here that loss-of-function mutations in clr-1 enhance netrin-dependent attraction, suppressing ventral guidance defects in slt-1 mutants. clr-1 encodes a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP) that functions in AVM to inhibit signaling through the DCC family receptor UNC-40 and its effector, UNC-34/enabled. The known effects of other RPTPs in axon guidance could result from modulation of guidance receptors like UNC-40/DCC.  相似文献   

4.
Cell-cell contacts are fundamental to multicellular organisms and are subject to exquisite levels of control. Human RPTPmu is a type IIB receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that both forms an adhesive contact itself and is involved in regulating adhesion by dephosphorylating components of cadherin-catenin complexes. Here we describe a 3.1 angstrom crystal structure of the RPTPmu ectodomain that forms a homophilic trans (antiparallel) dimer with an extended and rigid architecture, matching the dimensions of adherens junctions. Cell surface expression of deletion constructs induces intercellular spacings that correlate with the ectodomain length. These data suggest that the RPTPmu ectodomain acts as a distance gauge and plays a key regulatory function, locking the phosphatase to its appropriate functional location.  相似文献   

5.
镜鲤碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶QTL 定位分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
磷酸酶普遍存在于动物的各组织中,对磷酸单酯键具有水解活性,是机体生长代谢、保持内环境稳定和维持机体健康所必需的酶。以镜鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)全同胞家系190个个体为材料,用992对微卫星(SSR)标记进行基因组扫描,采用区间作图法,对肠组织的碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶进行了QTL定位分析。QTL检测显示:5个QTL区间与酸性磷酸酶活性相关,其中3个QTL为99%染色体水平显著性,分别位于LG2(CA2049-CA2371)、LG25(HLJ2941-HLJ3946)和LG28(CA2263-HLJ2873),另外两个QTL区间为95%染色体水平显著性,位于LG14(HLJ3275-CA174)和LG14(CA1276-CA2208),解释表形变异率范围为8.1%~38.9%;2个与碱性磷酸酶相关的QTL区间均为95%染色体水平显著性,分别位于LG8和LG13,可解释变异率分别为7.3%和7.0%。  相似文献   

6.
为测定磁小体的碱性磷酸酶活性及作为磁性免疫ELISA固相载体的可行性,设置不同显色时间、温度及pH条件,分析比较磁小体与商业化碱性磷酸酶的酶活。结果表明:商业化碱性磷酸酶显色时间较短,非常灵敏,但对温度和pH要求严格;微量的磁小体,需经过较长的显色时间,才能使显色剂显色,但温度和pH对磁小体的显色反应影响较小。通过不同的蛋白变性剂进行处理,表明磁小体的类碱性磷酸酶活性是其表面蛋白作用的结果。但磁小体微弱的显色能力,在磁性免疫ELISA检测时,没有显著影响。因此,磁小体可作为磁性免疫ELISA的固相载体,用于免疫检测。  相似文献   

7.
Persistent activation of p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p42 MAPK) during mitosis induces a "cytostatic factor" arrest, the arrest responsible for preventing the parthenogenetic activation of unfertilized eggs. The protein kinase p90 Rsk is a substrate of p42 MAPK; thus, the role of p90 Rsk in p42 MAPK-induced mitotic arrest was examined. Xenopus laevis egg extracts immunodepleted of Rsk lost their capacity to undergo mitotic arrest in response to activation of the Mos-MEK-1-p42 MAPK cascade of protein kinases. Replenishing Rsk-depleted extracts with catalytically competent Rsk protein restored the ability of the extracts to undergo mitotic arrest. Rsk appears to be essential for cytostatic factor arrest.  相似文献   

8.
3种杀虫剂对土壤磷酸酶活性的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
研究了呋喃丹、铁灭克、天王星 3种农药对土壤磷酸酶活性的抑制作用。结果表明 ,3种农药在不同农药用量、培养时间、磷酸苯二钠用量及外加不同 pН值缓冲溶液时 ,对磷酸酶活性均有不同程度的抑制作用。同时 ,在该条件下进行回归分析建模时发现不同农药用量、磷酸苯二钠用量对磷酸酶活性影响的相关系数均大于0 .990 0。证明了在本地区特有的农业环境条件下 ,这 3种农药可能会影响和破坏农业生态环境  相似文献   

9.
Protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases cooperate to regulate normal immune cell function. We examined the role of PEST domain-enriched tyrosine phosphatase (PEP) in regulating T cell antigen-receptor function during thymocyte development and peripheral T cell differentiation. Although normal na?ve T cell functions were retained in pep-deficient mice, effector/memory T cells demonstrated enhanced activation of Lck. In turn, this resulted in increased expansion and function of the effector/memory T cell pool, which was also associated with spontaneous development of germinal centers and elevated serum antibody levels. These results revealed a central role for PEP in negatively regulating specific aspects of T cell development and function.  相似文献   

10.
不同价态砷的土壤碱性磷酸酶效应研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
【目的】砷是土壤污染的主要元素之一,研究As5+、As3+单一和复合污染对土壤碱性磷酸酶活性的影响,揭示其对土壤碱性磷酸酶的作用机理,为砷污染监测提供理论依据。【方法】采集江西鹰潭红壤、陕西榆林风沙土、陕西杨凌土娄土各2个肥力水平的土样为供试土壤,采用室内模拟法,研究不同含量As5+、As3+以及二者复合污染下供试土壤碱性磷酸酶活性的变化。【结果】As5+和As5++As3+均能抑制土壤碱性磷酸酶活性,随As5+和As5++As3+含量的增加,相对碱性磷酸酶活性持续减小;采用模型E=A/(1+B×C)可较好表征相对碱性磷酸酶活性(E)与砷含量(C)间的关系(A、B为参数),揭示出土壤碱性磷酸酶活性可作为表征土壤As5+和As5++As3+污染程度的监测指标,且As5+和As5++As3+对碱性磷酸酶活性的作用机理为完全抑制作用(包括竞争性抑制和非竞争性抑制)。As3+对土壤相对碱性磷酸酶活性影响较小。As5+与As3+之间存在一定的交互作用,除了低肥力水平红壤及土娄土中As5+和As3+含量均小于50mg/kg时二者表现为协同作用外,在其他供试土壤中均为拮抗作用。不同供试土壤As5+的生态剂量ED10和ED50差异较大,砷对土壤造成轻度污染的含量为25mg/kg。【结论】土壤碱性磷酸酶可作为土壤As5+及As5+与As3+复合污染程度的监测指标。  相似文献   

11.
Destruction of peripheral sympathetic nerve endings with 6-hydroxydopamine causes a disappearance of cardiac tyrosine hydroxylase, accompanied by a twofold increase in adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase and a small increase in phenyl-ethanolanine-N-methyl transferase. No change in adrenal catecholamine content occurs under these conditions.  相似文献   

12.
13.
不同价态铬对土壤碱性磷酸酶活性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
【目的】研究不同价态铬对土壤碱性磷酸酶活性的影响,为环境保护以及重金属铬的监测提供理论依据。【方法】以采自陕西杨凌、榆林、黄龙的土娄土、风沙土、褐土为供试土样,采用室内模拟方法,研究了Cr3+(0,250,500,750,1500,2500,5000 mg/kg)、Cr6+(0,500,1000,1500,2000,2500,5000 mg/kg)单一和复合污染条件下,土壤碱性磷酸酶活性的变化规律。【结果】土壤碱性磷酸酶活性(U)随铬含量(C)的增加而降低,采用U=A/(1+B×C)模型(其中A、B为复合参数)可较好地表征土壤碱性磷酸酶与铬含量之间的关系,且拟合方程均达极显著相关;土壤受铬轻度污染的Cr3++Cr6+、Cr3+、Cr6+临界含量分别为17.8,37.9,548.7 mg/kg。【结论】铬明显抑制土壤碱性磷酸酶活性,其中Cr3+的抑制作用明显强于Cr6+,土壤碱性磷酸酶可表征土壤铬污染的程度,铬对土壤碱性磷酸酶的作用机理均为完全抑制作用。  相似文献   

14.
为揭示虎头兰与共生的菌根真菌间的相互作用,应用细胞化学的方法定位研究了虎头兰菌根中入侵的菌丝被消化过程的酸性磷酸酶(AcPase)活性变化,结果表明:AcPase反应出现在虎头兰菌根皮层细胞的细胞壁和膜系统上.在菌根真菌侵入虎头兰根部细胞,入侵菌丝被溶酶体包围并消解,直到被消解成空腔或彻底解体,最后溶酶体也随之消失的过程中,虎头兰细胞内的细胞壁、胞间隙、细胞膜、胞间连丝等处AcPase的活性呈现由高到低,最后完全消失的变化;在溶酶体和菌丝细胞上AcPase的活性则表现出由低到高,然后又逐渐降低直至完全消失.被菌丝侵入的虎头兰细胞发生了一系列的变化:细胞壁严重扭曲变形,线粒体、叶绿体及大量小液泡等细胞器消失,细胞核变形逐渐降解直至消失;溶酶体大量出现并包围和消解菌丝细胞,菌丝细胞被彻底消化,溶酶体消失;细胞内又重新出现线粒体、液泡、更新核等细胞器,更新核还可不断的进行有丝分裂.   相似文献   

15.
铅污染下旱地红壤酸性磷酸酶活性的变化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用磷酸苯二钠比色法测定旱地红壤酸性磷酸酶活性,研究外添不同含量单一重金属Pb在不同培养时间土壤酸性磷酸酶活性的变化.结果表明:当Pb含量低于200 mg.kg-1时,土壤酸性磷酸酶活性随Pb浓度的提高而增强;当Pb含量高于200 mg.kg-1时,土壤酸性磷酸酶活性则随Pb含量的提高而逐渐降低,且Pb含量越高土壤酸性磷酸酶活性越低.Pb含量为200 mg.kg-1时酸性磷酸酶活性达到峰值,因此200 mg.kg-1可作为酸性磷酸酶活性转变的Pb表征临界浓度.此外,培养20 d前土壤酸性磷酸酶活性随培养时间的延长而逐渐增强,培养20 d后随培养时间的延长土壤酸性磷酸酶活性逐渐下降.因此第20天酸性磷酸酶活性最强,可作为受Pb胁迫的临界期.  相似文献   

16.
土壤磷酸酶活性及其与有机磷组分的相关性   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
为探讨土壤磷有效性管理的措施,该文对北京八达岭地区9种林分类型下土壤的磷酸酶活性、有机磷组分以及二者之间的关系进行了系统研究。结果表明:土壤磷酸酶的类型以酸性磷酸酶为主。表层0~5cm土层的磷酸酶活性显著高于5~25cm和25~45cm土层的磷酸酶活性,且与土壤有机碳、氮有显著的相关性。土壤有机磷有明显的表聚性,在全磷中的比例为15.51%~17.48%。在土壤有机磷组分中,以中活性有机磷含量最高,其次为活性有机磷,而高稳性有机磷的含量最低。活性有机磷与中活性有机磷含量的相关性显著。磷酸酶活性与有机磷含量有密切的关系,无论是酸性磷酸酶还是碱性磷酸酶,都与活性有机磷、中活性有机磷、中稳性有机磷以及土壤有效磷含量有极显著的相关性。增加土壤有机质,诱导磷酸酶的产生,是提高土壤有效磷含量的途径。  相似文献   

17.
柠檬草精油对9种植物病原菌的抑菌活性   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
采用生长速率法测定了柠檬草精油对梨树腐烂病菌、柑橘树脂病菌、柑橘黑腐病菌、西瓜炭疽病菌、甜瓜枯萎病菌、甜瓜叶斑病菌、甜瓜蔓枯病菌、蚕豆轮纹病菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,柠檬草精油对8种病原真菌都具有很好的抑菌活性,其EC50分别为308.0522、433.3196、399.7338、319.0103、366.8957、279.1261、270.7388和333.4956扯uL/L;用抑菌圈法测定了柠檬草精油对桃细菌性穿孔病菌的抑菌活性,结果表明,柠檬草精油对桃细菌性穿孔病菌也具有一定的抑菌活性,其最低抑茵浓度为500uL / L。  相似文献   

18.
【目的】研究茶树精油对沙门氏菌的生长、碱性磷酸酶含量、胞外蛋白含量、电导率、生物膜形成、鞭毛动力等的影响,初步探讨其抑菌机理。【方法】分别检测茶树精油和多种抗生素对沙门氏菌最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)及茶树精油对沙门氏菌最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC)。检测不同质量浓度茶树精油对沙门氏菌生长曲线、碱性磷酸酶活性和胞外蛋白质量浓度、电导率、生物膜、鞭毛动力的影响。【结果】茶树精油对沙门氏菌的MIC和MBC均为10 540 μg/mL。2 635,5 270,10 540 μg/mL茶树精油对沙门氏菌的生长均有抑制作用,且随着茶树精油质量浓度的增加,其对沙门氏菌的抑制作用增强,沙门氏菌的碱性磷酸酶活性和胞外蛋白质量浓度增加,电导率增强,生物膜形成受到抑制,鞭毛动力下降。【结论】茶树精油通过影响沙门氏菌的生长、碱性磷酸酶活性和胞外蛋白质量浓度、电导率、生物膜形成、鞭毛动力而发挥抑菌作用。  相似文献   

19.
汞对罗非鱼血细胞和肝脏碱性磷酸酶活性的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
测定暴露于不同汞离子浓度下的罗非鱼(Tilapia niloticus)的肝脏碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)活性,同时取其血液进行血细胞计数,制作血涂片、染色测定其微核细胞率和核异常率。结果表明:随着汞离子浓度的上升,罗非鱼的肝脏碱性磷酸酶活性下降;与对照相比,罗非鱼血细胞核异常率、微核率显著增加,白细胞数目增加,但红血细胞变化不大。表明罗非鱼外周血微核标记和肝脏碱性磷酸酶活性能够灵敏地指示水环境中的汞污染。  相似文献   

20.
Treatment of rats with reserpine (for 8 or 9 days) produced a temporally related increase in behavioral activity and in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the midbrain. Weight loss resulting from such treatment was not sufficient, by itself, to account for either the behavioral or enzymatic changes. The results support the role of catecholamines in behavioral arousal.  相似文献   

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