无农药污染农产品生产的治理对策

随着社会的进步、经济的发展、人们生活水平的日益提高,农业生产和农产品消费发生了巨大变化,农产品的生产从重视产量到产量与品质、安全并重,购买农产品从注重价格、数量到更加注重质量、安全,农产品安全问题日益成为消费者关注的焦点.     

种植业生产中农药污染现状与控制对策

对农业种植业生产过程中农药使用情况进行调查研究,阐述了农药污染的发生现状,从杜绝农药面源污染的角度和科学用药的技术层面,提出了有效控制农药污染的对策。     

龙州县农作物病虫测报工作现状与发展对策

病虫测报是植保工作的基础,是实现"预防为主,综合防治"植保方针的前提,是实现"绿色植保、公共植保"的重要组成部分,健全有效的测报体系是完成病虫预测预报、信息发布、传递以及指导防治的关键。从病虫测报人员、测报体系建设情况、预报手段等方面,分析其中存在的问题,并就病虫测报工作今后的发展对策提出建议。     

道真农作物病虫测报工作的现状与对策

植保工作是农技推广体系的重要组成部分,承担农作物病虫草鼠害的监测、预报、防治、检疫及新农药、新药械的试验示范推广和安全使用等公益性职能。植保工作也是为农业保驾护航的关键举措,事关农业安全生产、农业环境保护、农业生态建设,直接影响农产品出口、农业增收和农业可持续发展;搞好有害生物的监测工作,是搞好植保工作的前提和保证。     

陕西省农作物病虫监测预警体系现状与发展对策

对陕西省各级农作物病虫害监测预警体系现状进行了调研,总结回顾了近年来病虫测报工作取得的成效,对存在的问题和不足进行了分析,并结合陕西省病虫测报状况,对今后病虫监测预警工作发展提出了思路和对策。     

关于治理农作物药害的对策

近年来,农作物药害事件时有发生,特别是2002年呈上升之势.据不完全统计,2002年仅滨海县农作物药害面积累计就达上万亩,直接经济损失近千万元.其中除草剂药害最为突出.药害事件不仅引发农药经营户和农户之间纠纷,而且还出现多起上访事件,直接影响农村社会稳定.     

加强基层农作物病虫测报工作的对策思考

农作物病虫测报工作是植保工作的基础,是实现“预防为主,综合防治”植保方针的前提。本文阐述了六合区农作物病虫测报工作的现状,分析了当前测报工作面l临着网络不建全、测报力量弱、投入经费不足和信息发布面窄等问题,提出了完善病虫测报体系、加强测报力量、加大经费投入、拓宽监测服务面等发展思路。     

泰顺县无公害茶叶生产中病虫发生现状及治理对策

泰顺县是全国生态示范县。本县产茶历史悠久,茶叶一直是传统经济作物,也是泰顺山区农民增加收入的重要来源。现茶树种植面积3533hm2,年产茶1600t。本县的三杯香、雪龙茶等名优茶品种,以品质香高味醇,在市场上享有盛誉。近年来,本县茶业发展坚持立足本区域生态环境资源优势,实行无公害生产,稳步发展绿色、有机茶叶。但是,茶园分散,经营规模小,茶农的质量安全认识水平和栽培管理水平参差不齐,就整体而言,仍存在农残超标等质量安全隐患。探讨茶园病虫害综合治理技术,降低农药残留,生产无公害茶叶,仍旧是目前茶叶植保工作的1个重要问题。1病虫发…     

广西县级《农作物病虫情报》的现状、问题与对策

县级农作物病虫预测预报是在上级测报部门指导下进行。县级《农作物病虫情报》是将上级《农作物病虫情报》核心技术与本地高效实用技术成果相融合的基层《农作物病虫情报》,它直接面对全县农民群众,服务全县农业生产,是全县防治农作物病虫害的技术支撑,其质量直接影响病虫防治效果及服务效能。因此,笔者围绕提升县级《农作物病虫情报》的质量及服务效能,对其存在的主要问题与改进对策进行探讨和交流,以期达到共同提高。     

江西省农业病虫灾害的发生动态及其治理对策

农作物易受多种病虫的侵害,病虫灾害不仅对农业生产,而且对国民经济和人民生活造成严重的影响。为了更有效地预测、防御和治理农业病虫灾害,确保我省农业生产总体开发取得更大成效,振兴江西经济,现将我省农业病虫灾害发生动态及其治理对策简述于下。一、病虫危害的严重性我省常见的主要农作物病虫在200种以上,其中发生普遍、危害较重的占三分之一左右。这些病虫对农作物产品的产量和质量     

Integrated Pest Management of Pest Mole Crickets with Emphasis on the Southeastern USA

There are at least 70 species of mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae). Some are rare, others are innocuous, and a few are important pests. These soil-dwelling pests damage underground parts of a long list of cultivated plants. Although tillage and flooding are used successfully in some situations to bring these pests to the soil surface and expose them to vertebrate and other predators, chemical pesticides are widely used against them. Knowledge of their life history is used to time application of chemical treatments to save money, but is not used as widely as it might be. Classical biological control has been used against immigrant mole crickets in Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the southern USA. In Florida, three Scapteriscus species from South America cause major damage to pastures and turf and are targets of a classical biological control program. Population levels of two of the pest species have been reduced substantially in Florida by establishment of a tachinid fly (Ormia depleta) and a steinernematid nematode (Steinernema scapterisci) from South America. The nematode also functions as a biopesticide. Managers of pastures and turf in Florida have thus far derived benefit from these classical biological control agents without understanding their function: use of chemicals is reduced when mole cricket populations are lower due to action of these organisms. Future enhancement of the action of O. depleta and of a sphecid wasp (Larra bicolor, which also was introduced from South America) probably will demand deliberate planting of nectar sources for adults of these biological control agents, and the advantage will be to managers who adopt such a strategy. Chemical pesticide use is strongly promoted by a large chemical industry, whereas biopesticidal use has thus far been little promoted and sales have been few. Even managers who do not change their simple strategy of pesticide use in response to damage by mole crickets, and have no knowledge of the differing life cycles of the three Scapteriscus species or of the presence and action of the classical biological control agents, will derive benefit as these biological control agents (and a predatory beetle which has not yet been released) increase their distribution.     

棉蚜的综合防治研究

棉蚜是最重要的农业害虫之一，广泛分布于中国和世界各地，严重危害棉花等寄主植物。近年来，棉蚜抗药性发展极快，本文就棉蚜的综合防治(IPM)作一分析研究，旨在为我国的棉蚜防治提供一些思路。     

农作物病虫害专业化统防统治整建制推进实践与思考

总体介绍了宣城市专业化统防统治组织发展现状,全面总结了佳乐园农业植保专业合作社好经验、好做法,分析了全市目前专业化统防统治工作发展存在的问题,并提出了今后发展思路。     

Environmental Quality and the Economics of Agricultural Pest Control)

Even though there have been many actions to limit chlorinated hydrocarbons used to control insects, many significant environmental problems connected with agricultural pest control remain. To deal with environmental effects in pest control strategy requires economic evaluation even though there are analytical difficulties. Environmental effects of pest control methods can be given economic meaning through the use of implied values measured in terms of sacrifices of conventional benefits. Where the biological significance of damages from pest control methods is known, the problem is to evaluate the differences in net benefits for alternative strategies. However, for those damages which involve uncertainty some sort of hazard-benefit analysis is needed with the ultimate decision made by persons responsible to society for value judgements. More co-operation is needed by economists and pest control experts to provide the best information possible within the limits of their professional expertise including analyzing pest control methods in the time dimension. High quality scientific analysis reduces the uncertainty for political decisions.     

江西森林病虫害发生现状、原因及可持续，控制对策探讨

本文从森林病虫害可持续控制的观点出发,分析了江西森林病虫害危害现状,探讨了江西省森林病虫害可持续控制的基本对策和措施。