绿盲蝽空间分布型及抽样技术的研究

绿盲蝽(Lygus lucorum Meyer-Dur)是茶季中最早发生的一种重要害虫,主要为害春茶。近年来,由于生态环境的变化,品种的更新,在某些地区绿盲蝽已上升为主要害虫,春茶新梢被害率常达30％以上。为了进一步研究其防治技术,准确预报其发生情况,笔者对绿盲蝽的空间分布型及抽样方法作了研究和探讨。     

绿盲蝽若虫在棉株上的空间分布

通过田间调查,研究了绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-dür)若虫在棉株上的空间分布规律.结果表明,绿盲蝽若虫在棉株上部分布最多,占调查总数的56.58％;棉株的不同部位以顶心分布最多,占总数的31.58％;其次为棉花蕾部,占27.63％.不同龄期的分布规律显示:低龄若虫主要分布在棉花中部的蕾和叶上,随着龄期的增大,逐步向棉花上部转移.     

山东聊城麦套棉田盲蝽种群结构及消长动态

 山东聊城麦套棉田的盲蝽由绿盲蝽、中黑盲蝽、苜蓿盲蝽3个种群构成,绿盲蝽为优势种群。9月上旬之前绿盲蝽在田间的数量逐步上升,8月下旬至9月上旬是绿盲蝽发生量最大的时期,百株虫量可达120头。中黑盲蝽、苜蓿盲蝽种群数量显著低于绿盲蝽,最高百株虫量分别为4.2头、2.5头,当年未对棉田构成危害。     

恼人的游击者——绿盲蝽

绿盲蝽主要为害春茶,曾是茶园偶发性的吸汁类害虫,近年来在山东、江苏、湖北、陕西等省茶区逐步上升至重要害虫之一。本文介绍绿盲蝽的寄主、分布、形态特征、发生特点和综合防治方法,以期为茶农识别和有效防治绿盲蝽提供依据。     

水稻品种对黑肩绿盲蝽功能反应的影响

在室内研究了以不同水稻品种上褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)为食的黑肩绿盲蝽(Cyrtorhinus lividipennis)对褐飞虱卵的功能反应。结果表明,以TN1、IR26、IR64和丙97-34等4个品种上褐飞虱为食的黑肩绿盲蝽的功能反应均显著地强于以丙97-59上褐飞虱为食的黑肩绿盲蝽的,而在前面的4个品种间则差异不明显。统计分析表明,由丙97-59上所育出的黑肩绿盲蝽对猎物的处理时间显著或极显著地长于由其他4个品种上所育出的,而瞬时攻击率则在5个品种上所育出的黑肩绿盲蝽间差异不显著,这说明导致不同品种上育出的黑肩绿盲蝽功能反应差异的原因主要在于其对猎物处理时间上的不同。文中还就试验结果在害虫治理中的意义进行了讨论。     

棉田绿盲蝽及其天敌生态位研究

在对棉田绿盲蝽及其天敌调查的基础上,研究了绿盲蝽及其天敌的时空生态位。结果表明,绿盲蝽在整个调查期间的时间生态位宽度最小,说明其在时间维度上的种内竞争最激烈,龟纹瓢虫、小花蝽与草蛉类与绿盲蝽时-空二维生态位重叠值均大于1,说明龟纹瓢虫、小花蝽与草蛉类对绿盲蝽的跟随及控制作用明显。     

河北邯郸棉田绿盲蝽预报方法研究

 利用邯郸市农业局植保站2004—2009年绿盲蝽监测资料,根据绿盲蝽不同代次的发生量和盛期,按照《棉盲蝽测报技术规范》规定标准进行邯郸绿盲蝽代次和发生程度级别划分,分析邯郸市绿盲蝽的发生发展规律;并利用2003—2009年邯郸市气象观测资料,选取绿盲蝽发生时期相关联的相近时段直至前一时段的温度、相对湿度、降水量、日照时数等气象要素,分别以月和旬不同时间尺度的气象要素作为预报因子,研究绿盲蝽发生流行与气象条件的关系,利用灰色关联度法进行初步筛选,筛选出对绿盲蝽各代发生发展有一定影响的气象因子作为自变量,然后通过逐步回归分析,选出对虫情影响显著的因子,针对每一代绿盲蝽发生程度和发生盛期组建了预报预测模型。     

水稻品种对黑望绿盲蝽功能反应的影响

在室内研究了以不同水稻品种上褐飞虱（Nilaparvata lugens）为食的黑肩绿盲蝽（Cyrtorhinus lividipennis)对宰飞虱卵的功能反应。结果表明，以TN1、IR26、IR64和丙97－34等4个品种上褐飞虱为食的黑肩发盲蝽的功能反应均显著地强于以丙97－59上褐飞虱为食的黑绿盲蝽的，而在前面的4个品种间则差异不明显。统计分析表明，由再97－59上所育出的赤肩绿盲蝽对猎物的处理时间显著地长于由其他4个品种上所育出的，而瞬时攻击率则在5个品种上所育出的黑肩绿盲蝽间差异不显著，这说明导致不同品种上育出的黑肩绿盲蝽功能反应差异的原因主要在于其对猎物处理时间上的不同。文中还就试验结果在害虫治理中的意义进行了讨论。     

黑肩绿盲蝽在寄主植物、飞虱和叶蝉卵上的生长和发育

 系统地测定了不同寄主卵和寄主植物对稻飞虱重要天敌黑肩绿盲蝽Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter生长和发育的影响。结果表明，在实验室条件下黑肩绿盲蝽能在水稻以及禾本科杂草如稗草Echinochloa glabrescens、千金子Leptochloa chinensis、马唐Digitaria ciliaris和狗牙根Cynodon dactylon上生长和繁殖。大田连续采样证实该盲蝽在稻田周围杂草地只能作短暂停留。黑肩绿盲蝽的若虫龄数随寄主卵和寄主植物的变化而变化，表现为5龄、6龄和4龄。水稻和禾本科花穗与飞虱蜜露或蜂蜜的结合可为黑肩绿盲蝽的生长和发育提供重要的营养源。该研究将为黑肩绿盲蝽的自然保护利用提供重要的理论依据。     

赣北5种棉盲蝽取食习性及危害症状比较

 为提高认识和便于田间调查识别区分不同种类棉盲蝽的发生及危害症状,对江西赣北棉区中黑盲蝽、杂毛合垫盲蝽、绿盲蝽、赣棉淡盲蝽、小斜唇盲蝽5种棉盲蝽进行了棉花上取食习性和危害症状的观察、比较。     

Color preference,seasonality, spatial distribution and species composition of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in northern highbush blueberries

We investigated color preference, seasonal abundance, spatial distribution and species composition of thrips in northern highbush blueberries, Vaccinium corymbosum L., in New Jersey (USA). White sticky traps were more attractive to thrips compared with yellow or blue traps. Thrips captures using white sticky traps showed that their flight activity begins 20–30 d after the onset of flowering, with 10, 50 and 90% of trap captures observed at 383, 647 and 1231 degree-day accumulations, respectively (10 °C base temperature). Two methods were used to study thrips distribution within a blueberry bush. First, white sticky traps were placed within the bush canopy at three different heights. The highest numbers of thrips were caught on traps in the middle and top one-third of the canopy while the lowest numbers were caught in the bottom one-third. A second method determined the distribution of thrips on the blueberry plant at different heights and phenological stages. The highest numbers of thrips were found on young leaves at lower parts of the canopy, whereas flowers and fruit had fewer thrips and none were found on buds; these thrips were identified as, Scirtothrips ruthveni (88% of adults) and Frankliniella tritici (12%). The distribution of thrips within a blueberry planting was investigated using an evenly-spaced grid of white sticky traps in combination with on bush beating-tray samples. Thrips counts from traps correlated with direct counts on the bush across the entire blueberry field (macro-scale level); however, within the field (micro-scale level), there was no correlation between the number of thrips on traps and on individual bushes near traps. Early in the season, trap counts were higher on bushes closer to the forest, indicative of movement of thrips from wild hosts into blueberry fields. However, this was not the case for direct on bush counts or trap counts for the later part of the season, where there was no clear forest “edge” effect. Percent fruit injury due to thrips feeding was low, and it correlated with thrips counts on bushes but not from counts on traps. Overall, our data show that thrips counts on sticky traps need to be interpreted with care because these numbers weakly correlated with the numbers of thrips on bushes at the micro-scale level and percent fruit injury; however, they can be useful predictors of thrips activity across entire blueberry fields (macro-scale).     

茶蚜趋色性及信息物质增进色板诱蚜效应研究

茶蚜广泛分布于我国茶区，刺吸危害茶树嫩梢。拟使用粘性色板诱捕之，减免施药。使用素馨黄、芽绿、土黄、桔黄、果绿、大红、纯白、紫色、湖蓝、天蓝、桃红和墨绿等12种粘性色板，经多年多点诱捕茶蚜，并在芽绿色板上附着不同种类和相互比例的茶梢信息物质引诱茶蚜。发现素馨黄和芽绿色彩对茶蚜的引诱力显著强于其它色彩，茶蚜具有显著的趋黄、绿习性；信息物质皆可增强色板对茶蚜的诱捕力，其中以C5、C6醇类、醛类和酯类等绿叶气味成分组成的混合物对色板增效作用最强，顺-3-己烯-1-醇次之、反-2-己烯醛和2-戊烯-1-醇又次之。认为：生长季节成蚜大量迁飞时使用携带绿叶气味诱芯的色板诱捕之，可有效压低其虫口密度。     

A comparison of sticky traps for monitoring Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama)

Six types of sticky card traps differing in color and trapping adhesive were evaluated for monitoring Asian citrus psyllid in citrus in the United States (Florida and Texas). We coded the six traps as ASYellow, GLYellow, RWYellow, ASACP, ASGreen and MGGreen. The ASYellow, GLYellow and RWYellow traps were a bright yellow color to the human eye but the yellow color of these traps varied in intensity. To the human eye, the ASACP traps were a lime-green color, the MGGreen trap was a fluorescent yellow-green color, and the ASGreen trap was a green color. Spectral reflectance measurements were taken to categorize the color (wavelength) spectrum of each trap. Percent reflectance in the green and yellow wavelength regions was similar among the ASYellow, GLYellow, RWYellow and ASACP traps. Three of the six sticky traps (GLYellow, RWYellow and MGGreen) were treated with a traditional gluey adhesive material. The other three traps were treated with No Mess Sticky Card™ adhesive, a hot-melted, pressure-sensitive adhesive material. Trapping studies were conducted in Florida and Texas during April–May comparing four of the traps and during September–October comparing all six traps. Data collected during April–May indicated there were no significant differences in numbers of adults captured on ASGreen, ASYellow, ASACP and GLYellow traps. In seven comparisons of all six traps during September–October, the GLYellow and RWYellow traps each captured significantly fewer adults in one comparison, the MGGreen trap captured fewer adults in two comparisons, and the ASGreen trap captured fewer in three comparisons. There was no evidence that any one of the six traps would be best at detecting psyllids when adult populations are scarce. There was no significant difference between the two adhesive materials with respect to numbers of adults captured on traps.     

不同种类粘虫板在六堡茶有机茶园的应用技术研究

为了解天敌友好型色板与普通黄板对六堡茶有机茶园茶小绿叶蝉的诱捕效果,以及对天敌蜘蛛的影响,通过开展对比试验,调查不同时期、不同悬挂高度的两种粘虫板对茶小绿叶蝉和天敌蜘蛛的影响.结果显示,天敌友好型色板诱捕茶小绿叶蝉的效果较好,对天敌蜘蛛的影响较小.不同悬挂高度实验结果显示:6月份和8月份,天敌友好型粘虫板悬挂高于茶蓬面...     

上虞绿色防控试点茶园虫害发生情况调研

在浙江上虞地区天香茶园设置吸入式太阳能杀虫灯和黄色诱虫板开展茶园绿色防控工作,并以当地无特殊管理措施的金家茶园作为自然条件下茶树虫害发生模式参照,调查2018年6月-2020年8月期间两处茶园的茶小绿叶蝉、螨类、茶尺蠖、蓟马、蚜虫的发生情况.调查结果显示,天香茶园和金家茶园茶小绿叶蝉、螨类、蓟马和蚜虫的虫口高峰期均出现...     

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Chinavia hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Corn Farmscapes

The green stink bug, Chinavia hilaris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a pest of cotton in the southeastern United States but little is known concerning its spatiotemporal distribution in corn cropping systems. Therefore, the spatiotemporal distribution of C. hilaris in farmscapes, when corn was adjacent to cotton, peanut, or both, was examined weekly. The spatial patterns of C. hilaris counts were analyzed using Spatial Analysis by Distance Indices methodology. Interpolated maps of C. hilaris density were used to visualize abundance and distribution of C. hilaris in crops in corn–peanut–cotton farmscapes. This stink bug was detected in six of seven corn–cotton farmscapes, four of six corn–peanut farmscapes, and in both corn–peanut–cotton farmscapes. The frequency of C. hilaris in cotton (89.47%) was significantly higher than in peanut (7.02%) or corn (3.51%). This stink bug fed on noncrop hosts that grew in field borders adjacent to crops. The spatial distribution of C. hilaris in crops and the capture of C. hilaris adults and nymphs in pheromone-baited traps near noncrop hosts indicated that these hosts were sources of this stink bug dispersing into crops, primarily cotton. Significant aggregated spatial distributions were detected in cotton on some dates within corn–peanut–cotton farmscapes. Maps of local clustering indices depicted small patches of C. hilaris in cotton or cotton–sorghum at the peanut–cotton interface. Factors affecting the spatiotemporal dynamics of C. hilaris in corn farmscapes are discussed.     

四种粘板对茶园昆虫的引诱考查

为评估粘胶色板对茶园昆虫诱捕作用及用于防治主要害虫的可能性,制作了芽绿、橄榄黄绿、素馨黄和雪白色板,于各类昆虫盛发的7月在重庆市郊、浙江松阳县和安徽省麻姑山茶场各0.5βhm²的茶园做了48βh诱捕试验。诱捕的绝大多数昆虫为同翅目害虫;害虫很多而天敌极少,害虫与天敌的个体数量差异极显著。芽绿、橄榄黄绿和素馨黄色板对假眼小绿叶蝉成、若虫和黑刺粉虱成虫的诱效显著大于雪白色板的诱效;从芽绿、橄榄黄绿至素馨黄,绿色色素成分减少、黄色色素成分增多,诱捕的叶蝉数减小而粉虱数增大。可将芽绿、素馨黄色板分别用于叶蝉成、若虫和粉虱成虫的诱捕。     

Evaluation of a modified sticky card to attract Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and a behavioural study on their visual response

Sticky cards with a yellow circle in black background originally developed to attract anthophilous thrips were also found to attract whiteflies. The potential of the new sticky cards for capture of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was evaluated in oriental melon greenhouses in comparison with ordinary rectangular yellow sticky cards. Two types of the new sticky card (24W × 39L cm) were designed to contain either two large yellow circles (18D cm) or two small yellow circles (13D cm) in a black background on both sides. In each greenhouse, 18 sticky cards of each type were installed. The cards with small circles captured 1.8 times more B. tabaci per unit area than the rectangular yellow sticky cards. In the examination of on-site flight activity of B. tabaci, the cards with large circles attracted 70% of the B. tabaci that took off from the plant canopy. The card with small yellow circles captured 49% and the rectangular yellow sticky card captured 32%. In laboratory behavioural studies, sticky cards with different backgrounds and shapes were attached inside acrylic cages and B. tabaci on tomato leaves were released. Yellow sticky cards with a black background were 2.1 times more attractive than sticky cards with a green background, and triangular-shaped yellow sticky cards with a black background attracted 1.5 times more B. tabaci than those with squares. In conclusion, sticky cards with yellow circles in a black background attracted more B. tabaci per unit area than ordinary rectangular yellow sticky card, and thus could be an improvement for monitoring or managing B. tabaci.     

Optimum density of chrysanthemum flower model traps to reduce infestations of Frankliniella intonsa (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on greenhouse strawberry

In a previous study, we showed that a chrysanthemum flower model trap, developed by modifying an artificial yellow chrysanthemum flower, was more attractive to the flower thrips Frankliniella intonsa Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) than a commercial yellow sticky trap. In this study, the optimum deployment density of the chrysanthemum flower model trap for reducing thrips infestation was investigated in commercial strawberry greenhouses. The traps were installed within the plant canopy at different densities (0, 5, 10, 20 traps per 50 m² plot) in three greenhouses using a randomized complete block design. The highest density of traps reduced seasonal populations of F. intonsa on strawberry flowers by 82% compared to the untreated control. The traps caught approximately 4.6 times more female than male F. intonsa, though the numbers of females and males in the flowers were similar and were both equally reduced with increasing trap density. A weak correlation (r = 0.54) was found between the number of female F. intonsa trapped and numbers in strawberry flowers, but there was no correlation (r = −0.03) for males. The results indicate flower model trap can be an additional tool for monitoring and/or management tactics against this anthophilous thrips.     

茶园黄板不同挂置高度和朝向对诱虫量的影响

本文研究了茶园黄板不同悬挂高度、朝向对诱虫量的影响。结果表明：黄板悬挂高度对诱虫量具有显著影响,平行于茶梢的位置高度为0 cm~20 cm处理诱虫量极显著高于其余高度,效果最好;20 cm~40 cm次之,显著或极显著高于-20 cm~0 cm和40 cm~60 cm两个处理。黄板东西朝向诱虫量略高于南北朝向,但无显著性差异。生产实际中,建议在平行于茶梢的位置高度为0 cm~40 cm处悬挂黄板,以东西或南北朝向均可。