抗菌肽对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率、肠道微生物含量及绒毛结构的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同水平抗菌肽替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率、肠道微生物含量及绒毛结构的影响。试验选择平均体重为(5.76±0.02)kg的21 d断奶的杜×长×大仔猪672头,根据个体大小随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复42头。试验分为1～14 d和15～28 d两个阶段,对照组饲喂基础日粮+60 mg/kg盐霉素,抗菌肽组饲喂基础日粮+0、50或100 mg/kg抗菌肽。试验进行28 d。对照组较抗菌肽组显著提高了断奶仔猪28 d体重(P <0.05),1～14 d和1～28 d日增重(P <0.05),1～14 d、15～28 d、1～28 d采食量,显著降低了1～28 d料重比(P <0.05)。随着日粮抗菌肽添加水平的升高,28 d体重、1～14 d、15～28 d及1～28 d日增重显著升高(P <0.05)。对照组较抗菌肽组显著提高了断奶仔猪14和28 d干物质、14 d粗蛋白质表观消化系数(P <0.05)。对照组较抗菌肽组显著降低了14和28 d粪中大肠杆菌含量(P <0.05),且总厌氧菌、梭菌和大肠杆菌含量随抗菌肽添加水平的升高而显著降低(P <0.05);与抗菌肽组相比,对照组显著降低了回肠总厌氧菌含量(P <0.05)。饲喂对照组日粮的断奶仔猪较抗菌肽组显著降低了空肠隐窝深度(P <0.05),显著提高了空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(P <0.05)。根据试验结果推断,日粮添加抗菌肽可以作为抗生素替代品,具有提高断奶仔猪生长性能、干物质和粗蛋白质的表观消化率、绒毛形态及降低粪中有害菌含量的作用。     

木薯型日粮添加复合酶对肉鸡生长性能、组织器官重量及养分消化的影响

文章旨在评估日粮用木薯粉替代玉米同时补充外源复合酶对肉鸡生长性能、组织器官重量及养分表观消化率的影响.试验选择平均初始体重(44.15±0.76)g的肉鸡576只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复36只.试验日粮采用2×2因子设计,即2种原料(玉米和木薯)和酶添加量(0和100?mg/kg复合酶),其中T1组和T2...     

日粮纤维对猪生长性能、营养代谢及肠道生理的影响

日粮纤维作为饲料的重要组成成分,对猪只的生产性能和健康状况都有积极作用,日粮纤维对猪只采食量、饲料利用率及肠道健康的研究已引起国内外广泛关注。文章综述了日粮纤维对猪只生长性能、营养利用及肠道微生物的影响,为今后探究猪只对饲料中日粮纤维的利用提供参考。     

Effects of adding fat to the sow lactation diet on lactation and rebreeding performance

One-hundred-three multiparous sows were randomly assigned to one of two lactation diets containing either no supplemental animal fat (C) or 10% added fat (F) during two seasons, summer (S) and winter (W), in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Sows were placed on their respective dietary treatments 1 wk prior to farrowing and were fed these diets ad libitum throughout the 28-d lactation period. Weekly feed intake and total feed intake were not affected by diet or season, while weekly metabolizable energy (ME) intake tended to be higher during week 1 and 3, and was higher (P less than .04) during wk 2 for sows fed diet F. Sow weight loss from farrowing to 21 d of lactation and to weaning (28 d) were unaffected by diet or season. Average pig birth weight was .15 kg higher (P less than .01) for pigs born during S compared with those born in W. Sows receiving diet F had heavier litters at 21 d (P less than .01) and heavier average pig 21-d weights (P less than .01). This was primarily due to the 13.1% increase (P less than .04) in estimated milk yield and the higher fat concentration (P less than .001) of milk consumed by the pigs nursing sows fed diet F. Interval between weaning and rebreeding was shortened by 5.9 d (P less than .01) for sows during W than during S, and tended to be lower for sows fed diet F (7.3 d) compared with that of sows fed diet C (9.7 d).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

表达表皮生长因子的乳酸球菌对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态学结构的影响

本试验旨在通过乳酸球菌表达和传递表皮生长因子(EGF)到早期断奶仔猪胃肠道内,以检验在断奶关键期重组猪EGF改善胃肠道形态,降低肠绒毛萎缩的可行性.选取21日龄表皮生长因子体重相近的仔猪108头分4个处理组,按2×2分组设计,即高质量+ EGF组(HE)、高质量组(HM)、低质量+EGF组(LE)和低质量组(LM).测试各组平均日增重以及小肠绒毛 和隐窝长度.HE组,HM组和LE组在整个试验期中的平均日增重(ADG)均高于LM组,其中LE组显著高于LM组(P＜0.05).十二指肠的绒毛高度前3组均极显著高于LM组(P＜0.01),空肠的绒毛高度和腺窝深度前3组的也都极显著高于LM组(P＜0.01).结果表明,重组猪EGF可以促进早期断奶仔猪的生长,促进小肠绒毛和隐窝的发育,同时,饲料营养水平也可显著影响早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜形态.     

Effects of soybean raffinose on growth performance,digestibility,humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs

There are appreciable does of raffinose in soybean, but the impacts of raffinose on pigs are poorly investigated. We used 2 experiments to investigate the influence of soybean raffinose on growth performance, digestibility, humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, a total of 30 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows (21.93 ± 0.43 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet, the control diets supplemented with 0.2% and 0.5% raffinose, respectively, for 21 d. Results showed that the addition of 0.2% or 0.5% raffinose reduced (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and nutrient digestibility, and dietary 0.5% raffinose increased the ratio of feed to gain (P < 0.05). For serum indexes, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased growth hormone and increased glucagon-like peptide-2, immunoglobulin G, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 concentration (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, a total of 24 crossbred barrows (38.41 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet (ad libitum), the raffinose diet (0.5% raffinose, ad libitum), and the control diet in the same amount as the raffinose group (feed-pair group) for 14 d, respectively. Compared with the control diet, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased ADFI (P < 0.05). Intriguingly, the raffinose group had lower ADG than the feed-pair group, lower nutrient digestibility, lower amylase activity in duodenum, lower amylase, lipase and trypsin activities in jejunum and higher TNF-α concentration in serum compared with the other 2 groups, and a higher ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results showed that soybean raffinose could reduce feed voluntary intake and body gain while improving intestinal morphology without a significant negative influence on immunity. Taken together, dietary raffinose could decrease growth performance by reducing both feed intake and nutrient digestibility while inducing humoral immune response of growing pigs.     

酵母培养物对保育猪的生长性能、肠道健康和免疫应答的影响

216头断奶仔猪用于测定日粮中添加不同含量的酵母培养物(YC)对断奶仔猪的生长性能、养分消化率、肠道形态结构、肠道菌群和免疫应答的影响,并测定YC是否能够替代抗生素生长抑制剂(AGP)。试验1,28日龄断奶仔猪192头(体重为7.5±0.2kg)随机分配到6个处理组:①对照组(没有添加AGP或YC);②AGP组(氯四环素,80mg/kg);③2.5g/kgYC组(益康XP酵母培养物);④5g/kgYC组;⑤10g/kgYC组;⑥20g/kgYC组。每个处理组8个重复栏,每栏4头断奶仔猪,试验期21d。5g/kgYC组的平均日增重(ADG)高于对照组和其他YC组(p<0.05),而所有YC组AGP组之间没有差异。5g/kgYC组、10g/kgYC组和AGP组的平均日采食量(ADFI)高于对照组(p<0.01);而增重/耗料比(G:F)没有受到影响。因此,试验2选用了添加5g/kgYC的日粮。试验2,24头保育猪(21日龄,体重为5.8±0.1kg)随机分成3个处理组试验21d以阐述YC的作用机理。处理组为:①对照组(没有添加AGP或YC);②AGP组;③5g/kgYC组。每周采集血样测定CD4+、CD8+的百分...     

Effects of dietary iron level on growth performance,hematological status,and intestinal function in growing-finishing pigs

This study investigated the different addition levels of iron (Fe) in growing-finishing pigs and the effect of different Fe levels on growth performance, hematological status, intestinal barrier function, and intestinal digestion. A total of 1,200 barrows and gilts ([Large White × Landrace] × Duroc) with average initial body weight (BW; 27.74 ± 0.28 kg) were housed in 40 pens of 30 pigs per pen (gilts and barrows in half), blocked by BW and gender, and fed five experimental diets (eight replicate pens per diet). The five experimental diets were control diet (basal diet with no FeSO₄ supplementation), and the basal diet being supplemented with 150, 300, 450, or 600 mg/kg Fe as FeSO₄ diets. The trial lasted for 100 d and was divided into the growing phase (27 to 60 kg of BW) for the first 50 d and the finishing phase (61 to 100 kg of BW) for the last 50 d. The basal diet was formulated with an Fe-free trace mineral premix and contained 203.36 mg/kg total dietary Fe in the growing phase and 216.71 mg/kg in the finishing phase based on ingredient contributions. And at the end of the experiment, eight pigs (four barrows and four gilts) were randomly selected from each treatment (selected one pig per pen) for digesta, blood, and intestinal samples collection. The results showed that the average daily feed intake (P = 0.025), average daily gain (P = 0.020), and BW (P = 0.019) increased linearly in the finishing phase of pigs fed with the diets containing Fe. On the other hand, supplementation with different Fe levels in the diet significantly increased serum iron and transferrin saturation concentrations (P < 0.05), goblet cell numbers of duodenal villous (P < 0.001), and MUC4 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA) for pigs in the 450 and 600 mg/kg Fe groups was greater (P < 0.05) than for pigs in the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 450 to 600 mg/kg Fe improved the growth performance of pigs by changing hematological status and by enhancing intestinal goblet cell differentiation and AID of AA.     

Effects of adding liquid dl‐methionine hydroxy analogue‐free acid to drinking water on growth performance and small intestinal morphology of nursery pigs

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding liquid dl ‐methionine hydroxy analogue free acid (LMA) to drinking water on growth performance, small intestinal morphology and volatile fatty acids in the caecum of nursery pigs. Twenty‐four crossbred pigs (Large White × Landrace, BW ～18 kg) were divided into three groups with four replications of two piglets each. The piglets received drinking water without (control), with 0.05 or 0.10% LMA. The results indicated that adding LMA at 0.10% to drinking water significantly increased their weight gain, average daily feed intake (p < 0.05) and tended to improve the feed conversion ratio. Adding LMA to drinking water significantly increased their water intake and significantly reduced the pH of drinking water (p < 0.01), thus total plate count (p < 0.01) and Escherichia coli in drinking water was reduced (p < 0.05), while the total number of bacteria in the caecum was not significantly affected. Liquid dl ‐methionine hydroxy analogue free acid supplementation in drinking water tended to decrease pH in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, colon and rectum. Furthermore, adding LMA at 0.10% significantly increased villous height in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05), and the villous height:crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.01) was higher, whereas acetic acid concentration in the caecum was significantly lower than in the control group. It could be concluded that adding LMA to drinking water improved growth performance of the nursery pigs because of high water quality and high nutrient utilization caused by an improvement of small intestinal morphology (not from nutritional effect of methionine source).     

Effects of adding fiber sources to reduced-crude protein,amino acid-supplemented diets on nitrogen excretion,growth performance,and carcass traits of finishing pigs

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of adding fiber sources to reduced-crude protein (CP), amino acid-supplemented diets on N excretion, growth performance, and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, six sets of four littermate barrows (initial weight = 36.3 kg) were allotted randomly to four dietary treatments to determine N balance and slurry composition. Dietary treatments were: 1) fortified corn-soybean meal, control, 2) as fortified corn-soybean meal with CP lowered by 4 percentage units and supplemented with lysine, threonine, methionine, tryptophan, isoleucine, and valine (LPAA), 3) same as Diet 2 plus 10% soybean hulls, and 4) same as Diet 2 with 10% dried beet pulp. Nitrogen intake, absorption, and retention (g/d) were reduced (P < 0.04) in pigs fed the low- protein diets, but they were not affected (P > 0.10) by addition of fiber sources to the LPAA diet. However, N absorption, as a percentage of intake, was not affected (P > 0.10) by dietary treatment. Nitrogen retention, expressed as a percentage of N intake, was increased (P < 0.02) in pigs fed the low-protein diets, but it was not affected by fiber addition to the LPAA diet. Urinary and total N excretion was reduced (P < 0.01) by 50 and 40%, respectively, in pigs fed the low- protein diets, but it was not affected (P > 0.10) by fiber addition. However, fiber addition to the LPAA diet tended to result in a greater proportion of N excreted in the feces than in the urine. Slurry pH, ammonium N content, and urinary urea N excretion were reduced (P < 0.10) in pigs fed LPAA, and a further reduction (P < 0.06) in slurry ammonium N content and urinary urea N was observed with fiber addition. Also, fiber addition to the LPAA diet increased (P < 0.02) slurry VFA concentrations. In Exp. 2, 72 pigs were blocked by body weight and sex and allotted randomly to three dietary treatments that were similar to those in Exp. 1, with a corn-soybean meal control diet, LPAA diet, and a LPAA diet with 10% soybean hulls. Pigs were fed the diets from 28.6 to 115 kg, and all pigs were killed for collection of carcass data. Growth performance and most carcass traits were not affected (P > 0.10) by dietary treatment. These data suggest that reducing CP with amino acid supplementation markedly decreased N excretion without influencing growth performance. Fiber addition to a LPAA diet had little effect on overall N balance or growth performance, but tended to further reduce slurry ammonium N concentration and increase volatile fatty acid concentrations.     

The effect of diet on performance, digestibility, blood composition and intestinal microflora of weaned pigs

Good evaluation variables are needed to study postweaning lag in early weaned pigs. In this study, performance, digestibility, concentration of blood components and aerobic fecal microflora under different dietary regimens from weaning at 3 wk of age to 35 d of age are reported. Treatment 1 (T1) consisted of a corn-soybean meal starter diet. Pigs in treatment 2 (T2) received a steamed, rolled oat groats-casein starter diet. Pigs in treatment 1 and 2 were weaned at 3 wk of age while those in treatment 3 remained with the sow. Treatment 1 pigs had lower average daily gains for the 2-wk trial as compared with T2 pigs (P less than .05). Three of the four animals consuming the corn-soybean meal diet were observed to have diarrhea during the experiment as compared with an occasional loose stool from the pigs fed oats-casein. There were no significant differences in digestibility of dry matter, crude protein or ether extract among pigs in T1 and T2. Digestibilities of ash and crude fiber were higher (P less than .05) in T1 pigs, while there was an increase (P less than .05) in digestibility of N-free extract by pigs in T2. Serum protein, Na, CO2 and blood hematocrit were not significantly different among treatments. Blood chloride was higher, whereas glucose was lower for pigs in T1 and T2 than T3 (P less than .05). Blood urea N was higher for pigs in T1 as compared with pigs in T2 or T3. Potassium was higher (P less than .05) for pigs in T1 as compared with those in T2 or T3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

复合益生菌对育肥猪生长性能、肠绒毛形态及肝脏脂代谢的影响

本研究旨在评估日粮补充以枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌组成的复合益生菌对育肥猪生长性能、小肠绒毛形态及肝脏脂代谢相关指标的影响.试验将208头体重接近的18周龄三元育肥猪随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复26头.对照组育肥猪饲喂基础日粮,处理组育肥猪饲喂基础日粮+1.5?g/kg由乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和酵母菌组成的复合...     

稻谷型饲粮中添加微丸型复合酶对猪生长及肠道微生物菌群的影响

稻谷是世界特别是亚洲的主要粮食作物。与玉米相比,稻谷的有效能较低,约为玉米的80%～85%;粗蛋白含量与之相近;氨基酸结构优于玉米,其中,稻谷的赖氨酸含量为0.29%,而玉米仅0.24%。稻谷较少直接用于商品饲料生产,其主要原因之一是稻谷含有较高的抗营养因子,这些抗营养因子的存在     

低能饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸭生长性能和肠道内环境的影响

将216只1日龄健康樱桃谷肉公鸭随机分成3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复12只。处理1喂正对照基础饲粮,处理2喂负对照基础饲粮（降低能量水平）,处理S喂负对照基础饲粮加1860μg／kg的木聚糖酶。试验结果表明。在低能量饲粮中添加木聚糖酶可显著降低1～14．日龄肉鸭的料肉比（P〈0．05）,显著降低7日龄盲肠酸度（P〈0.05）,肉鸭生长性能可达到高能量饲粮的饲养效果．而各处理间的平均日增重和肠道相对黏度无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。     

纳米载铜蒙脱石对断奶仔猪生长、肠道菌群及其肠黏膜形态的影响

选用128头健康“杜长大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为对照组、CuSO4组、纳米蒙脱石(MMT)组和MMT-Cu组,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+78 mg/kg Cu2+(CuSO4.5H2O,相当于MMT-Cu中Cu2+的量)、基础日粮+2.0 g/kgMMT、基础日粮+2.0 g/kgMMT-Cu。结果表明,与对照组相比,MMT-Cu组能显著提高(P<0.05)断奶仔猪的平均日增重、饲料转化效率及小肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值,显著降低(P<0.05)腹泻率及小肠、结肠内容物中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量;而MMT组也显著降低(P<0.05)仔猪腹泻率,提高(P<0.05)小肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值。与MMT组或CuSO4组相比,MMT-Cu组能显著(P<0.05)提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重和饲料转化效率(P<0.05),显著降低了(P<0.05)小肠和结肠内容物中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量。     

纳米银对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道绒毛形态及微生物菌群的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同水平的纳米银对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态及微生物菌群的影响。本研究共进行3个试验,试验1收集8头断奶后7 d仔猪的回肠内容物,在体外37℃条件下分别添加0、20、40和80μg/kg纳米银,孵育4 h。结果显示,随着纳米银添加水平的升高,回肠内容物大肠杆菌和乳酸杆菌的含量显著线性降低(P<0.05),但对乳酸杆菌比例无显著影响(P>0.05)。试验2分为3个组,每组10头21 d断奶的仔猪,日粮中分别添加0、20和40 mg/kg纳米银,结果发现随着纳米银添加水平的升高,断奶后2周仔猪的日增重表现为显著线性升高(P<0.05),同时回肠大肠杆菌含量有显著线性降低的趋势(P=0.07),显著降低了细菌总量和奇异菌属含量(P<0.05)。20 mg/kg纳米银组产气荚膜杆菌与梭菌比例最低(P<0.05)。试验3分为3组,每组选择10头21 d断奶仔猪,日粮中分别添加0、20和40 mg/kg纳米银,结果发现,日粮纳米银添加水平对仔猪断奶后前两周绒毛形态无显著影响(P>0.05),而隐窝深度有降低趋势(P=0.08)。20 mg/kg纳米银组仔猪在断奶前两周表现为最高(P<0.05),之后随着纳米银添加水平的升高在3~4周显著降低(P<0.05),料比显著升高(P<0.05)。日粮添加低剂量的纳米银可以改善断奶仔猪的采食量和日增重,适宜添加水平为20~40 mg/kg。     

Effect of chito-oligosaccharide on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, intestinal morphology and cecal microflora in weaned pigs

A total of 180 weanling pigs (21 ± 3 d of age; 5.98 ± 0.04 kg) were used to investigate the effect of chito-oligosaccharide (COS) on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora. Based on initial BW, gender and litter, the pigs were given 5 treatments during a 14-d feeding experiment, including a basal diet (control), 3 diets with COS supplementation (200, 400, or 600 mg/kg), and a diet with colistin sulfate (CSE) supplementation (20 mg/kg). Six randomly selected pigs from each treatment were used to collect serum, duodenal, jejunal, ileal, and cecal samples on d 7 and 14 postweaning. From d 1 to 7 postweaning, pigs fed COS or CSE had greater ADG and ADFI compared with the control pigs. From d 1 to 14, diets with either 400 or 600 mg/kg COS, or 20 mg/kg CSE increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F compared with the control diet. No significant differences were observed in ADG, ADFI, and G:F between the pigs fed COS and CSE. Pigs fed either 400 or 600 mg/kg COS, or 20 mg/kg CSE had less (P < 0.05) diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum, but greater concentration of (P < 0.05) DAO in jejunal mucosa, than the control pigs on d 7 postweaning. Treatments did not affect villous height and crypt depth of the duodenum, jejunum, or ileum. Pigs fed COS at 400 mg/kg had greater (P < 0.05) concentration of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli in the cecum than pigs fed the control diet and CSE diet on d 7 postweaning. Supplementation of COS or CSE decreased (P < 0.05) the population of cecal Staphylococcus aureus compared with the control diet on d 7 postweaning. The number of cecal Bifidobacteria in pigs fed 600 mg/kg COS was greater (P < 0.05) than that of pigs fed the control diet or CSE diet on d 14 postweaning. No significant differences were observed in Escherichia coli counts in the cecum among treatments. The present results indicate that dietary supplementation of COS at 400 or 600 mg/kg promotes growth performance and improves gut barrier function, increases the population of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, and decreases S. aureus in the cecum of weanling pigs.     

饲粮中高铜高锌的不同停用时间对猪生长性能和猪肉品质的影响

试验选用27头体重20 kg左右健康的长×约二元杂交猪,随机分成3组,每组9头,均饲喂添加铜250 mg/kg、锌430 mg/kg的饲粮,分别在屠宰前0(对照组)、15 d和30 d停用高铜高锌.观测各组猪生长性能和猪肉品质的变化.结果表明,与不停用对照组相比较在屠宰前30 d停用高铜高锌饲粮不影响猪生长性能、饲料利用、屠宰指标及猪肉品质,相反还降低猪肉的滴水损失和铜、锌含量.因此,在屠前30 d停止使用高铜高锌不会影响猪的生长,可有效地减少肉中铜、锌的残留.