极度濒危植物百山祖冷杉水培繁殖(英文)

[Objective] The experiment aimed to explore the influences of phytohormones (ABT and IAA) and nutrient solution on rooting of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu by water cultured medium. [Method] The Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu were treated by water (CK), 10 mg/L ABT+ water, 10 mg/L IAA+ water, 10 mg/L ABT+ hoagland solution, 10 mg/L IAA+ hoagland solution, then the rooting process was observed and the formation rate of callus, rooting rate, number of rooting, and root length were investigated and analyzed. [Result] ABT and IAA had obvious influences on callus induction, rooting rate and the number of root of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu by water culture, so they were suitable to be used in water propagation of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu. The treatments of phytohormones had no regular influences on the longest root length and average root length. The nutrient solutions would not generate obvious influence on propagation of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu at firstly stage, but they generated influence on root growth after rooting. [Conclusion] The research provided new ideas for propagation of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu, which could make it out of endangerment situation quickly.     

Liming and Fertilizer Potentials of Some Underutilized Plant Materials in Southwestern Nigeria

Soil acidification and phosphorus deficiency are a major constraint to crop production in tropical soils.Use of conventional liming materials is associated with some limitations viz:inability to solely improve nitrogen and available phosphorus in soils,loss of soil organic carbon and soil aggregate stability.Liming and fertilizer potentials of leaves from three plant materials(Tithonia diversifolia(TL),Imperata cylindrica(SG)and Gliricidia sepium(GL))widely growing in Ogbomoso,southwest Nigeria,were tested under incubation condition.Each of the plant material was applied at the rate of 10 t·hm~(-2) with and without 50%concentration of NPK 15:15:15-urea mix in 500 g acidic soil.Sole lime applied at 1 t·hm~(-2),sole NPK 15:15:15 applied at 60 kg·hm~(-2) mixed with urea at 60 kg N·hm~(-2) and an unamended soil were compared in completely randomized design in three replicates.The treated soils were incubated for 12 weeks.Thereafter,maize seeds were raised in each pot for a period of 3 weeks.Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance.Regression analysis was used to predict contributions of increased soil p H in plant material treated soils to exchangeable Al,H,dry root weight of maize and available phosphorus.Results indicated that sole plant materials were the order SGTLGL significantly(p0.05)reduced exchangeable acidity compared to unamended and sole NPK.Sole NPK had the highest exchangeable acidity(4.7 cmol·kg~(-1))compared to unamended soil(3.3 cmol·kg~(-1))and sole lime(2.7 cmol·kg~(-1)).Application of sole Tithonia diversifolia increased available phosphorus by 214%and 97%compared to unamended and sole NPK treated soils respectively.Sole plant materials increased maize root weight by 33%compared to sole NPK.Increasing soil p H at harvesting in plant material treated soils significantly reduced exchangeable H and A_1.Soil p H was responsible for up to 33%and 53%reductions in exchangeable Al and H,respectively.This culminated into up to 22%increases in dry root weight of maize seedling.Present results showed ability of the plant materials tested to ameliorate soil acidity and improved soil available phosphorus.The plant materials should be explored for using as green manure and composting feedstock.It will go a long way to reduce high dosage use of conventional liming and fertilizer materials on acidic nutrient degraded soils.     

杜敏

正特约编委杜敏杜敏,美国衣阿华州立大学动物学博士,加拿大阿尔伯塔大学医学院生物化学系细胞信号传导博士后,现任华盛顿州立大学特聘教授。研究方向:动物生长与发育近年来发表的代表性作品Books·Yin,J.(Editor in Chief),M.Du(Associate Editor in Chief),and Y.Jin(Associate Editor in Chief).(2013).Animal Muscle Biology and Meat Science(动物肌肉生物学与肉品科学).China Agricultural University Press,Beijing,China.·Du,M.,and R.J.McCormick.(2009).A     

柳树叶的原花青素的抗氧化性研究

用化学比色法分别测定柳树叶原花青素的总抗氧化力、还原力、对O2-·,·OH,H2O2和屡NO2-的清除作用,并与发Vc相比较,结果表明,在这一系列抗氧试验中,原花青素的抗氧化性均较Vc强,要相同浓度下,二者对O2-·和H2O2的清除作用相差不大,在总抗氧化力和还原力测定和对NO2-清除作用约为Vc的2倍,在对·OH的清除上,原花青素浓度为3 μg/mL时,清除率达8.9%,而Vc浓度为4.8 mg/mL时清除率为10.5%.

Abstract：

The total antioxidative activity and reductive activity of procyanidins(PC) from the leaves of willow and their scavenging of the free radicals O2- · , · OH, H2 O2 and NO2- were studied by spectrophotometry, and the results were compared with the effects of vitamin C (Vc). Procyanidins were shown to have stronger antioxidative activity than Vc, and PC and Vc were not significantly different in their scavenging rate for O2- · and H2O2. The total antioxidative activity, reductive activity and scavenging of NO2- of PC were approximately twice those of Vc. The scavenging rate of PC for · OH was 8. 9% with a PC concentration of 3 μg/mL and that of Vc for · OH was 10.5 % with a Vc concentration of 4.8 mg/mL.     

Effects of molasses on the fermentation characteristics of mixed silage prepared with rice straw,local vegetable by-products and alfalfa in Southeast China

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of molasses on the fermentation characteristics of mixed silage ensiled rice straw and vegetable by-products with alfalfa.Mixture(202 g kg~(–1) dry matter(DM))consisting of rice straw,broccoli residue and alfalfa at the ratio of 5:4:1 was ensiled with three experimental treatments:(1)no additives(control);(2)molasses at 2.5%(M1);(3)molasses at 5%(M2)on a fresh matter basis of mixture,respectively.All treatments were packed into laboratory-scale silos,and three silos per treatment were sampled on days 1,3,5,14 and 30.The result showed that the p H value of all mixed silages decreased gradually with the time of ensiling except for the control silage,in which a significant increase(P0.05)on day 30 occurred.The lactic acid content increased gradually with the time of ensiling and reached the highest value on day 14,and a marked decrease(P0.05)was found in the control silage on day 30.The changes of acetic acid content showed similar pattern with lactic acid content.A trace amount of propionic and butyric acid contents were found in the three mixed silages during the fermentation period.Comparing to the control,M1 and M2 treatments improved the fermentation quality of mixed silages as indicated by higher(P0.05)lactic acid contents and lower(P0.05)p H and ammonia-N contents.The Flieg points also showed that M1 and M2 silages were well preserved,whereas the control silage had a bad quality.Overall,the findings of this study suggested that adding molasses could improve fermentation quality of mixed silage,and M1 was more suitable for practical application.     

几个因素对菲律宾蛤仔组织培养的影响

研究了不同消毒剂和培养基对菲律宾蛤仔组织培养的影响.结果表明,在术必泰消毒剂醋酸氯己定(C26H36O4N10C12)的有效浓度为100～200μg·mL-1、或复方新洁尔灭中苯扎溴铵(C21H38BrN)的有效浓度为300～600μg·mL-1时,既能有效杀灭粘附在组织块上的细菌,又能保持细胞活性而不影响细胞生长.在D-MEM、M199和RPMI-1640 3种培养基中,蛤仔的外套膜和鳃细胞均能正常生长,其中D-MEM、M199的培养效果优于RPMI-1640.     

Effects of Substitution of Organic Manure for Chemical Fertilizer on Phosphorus Accumulation and Grain Yield in Maize

In order to explore the response of maize phosphorus absorption to the appropriate proportion of organic fertilizer substitution for reduced chemical fertilizer, a field experiment with eight treatments was conducted in 2018. The eight treatments in the trial were:(1) CK;(2) M0+F;(3) M1+F1;(4) M1+F2;(5) M2+F1;(6) M2+F2;(7) M3+F1 and(8) M3+F2. In these treatments, M0, M1, M2 and M3 were organic fertilization of 0, 15(low), 30(medium) and 45(high) m3 · hm-2, respectively. F1 and F2 indicated 20% a...     

具有某些非黎曼曲率性质的Douglas度量

研究完备的Douglas空间(M,F),证明了如果其Cartan张量是有界的,且满足H=0和Ejk,l/m=0,则F为Berwald度量,其中E为F的平均Berwald曲率,H为刻划E沿测地线的变化率的几何量.

Abstract：

A complete Douglas space (M, F) is studied. It is proved that if the Cartan torsion of a complete Douglas space (M, F) is bounded and F satisfies that H = 0 and Ejk. l\m = 0, then F is a Berwald metric.Here E is the mean Berwald curvature of F, and H is the geometric quantity which characterizes the rate of the change of E along geodesics.     

无土盆栽牡丹需肥模型

以牡丹"洛阳红"为材料,研究牡丹无土盆栽对氮、磷、钾的需求规律.试验设氮.磷、钾3个因素,采用三因素二次通旋转组合设计,共20个试验处理,试验用基质为V(蛭石)∶V(草炭)=3∶1.结果表明:无土盆栽条件下牡丹最佳施肥方案为:Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 1.00～1.40 g·L-1、NaH2PO4·2H2O 0.80...     

绿僵菌和白僵菌对刚竹毒蛾的毒力比较

3株金龟子绿僵菌(M1、M2、M3)和3株球孢白僵菌(B1、B2、B3)经室内侵染试验证明,皆能侵染2～3 龄刚竹毒蛾幼虫.3个金龟子绿僵菌菌株中以M3对刚竹毒蛾的毒力最强,LC50、LT50分别为:LC50 M1 = 3.12×107个·L-1、LC50 M2 = 7.01×107个·L-1、 LC50 M3= 7.55×106 个·L-1;LT50 M1 = 6.50～11.65 d、LT50 M2 = 7.66～11.53 d、LT50 M3= 5.88～10.50 d.3个球孢白僵菌菌株中以B1对     

禽流感病毒H5,H7,H9亚型多重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

依据GenBank中亚洲流行株禽流感病毒(AIV)H5,H7,H9亚型血凝素基因及M基因序列保守区域设计特异性引物,利用多重反转录聚合酶链式反应技术建立了AIV及H5,H7,H9亚型的检测方法.该方法能一次性检测出AIV保守区域M基因的同时,直接区分H5,H7,H9亚型.对新城疲病毒、传染性法氏囊病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、传染性喉气管炎病毒等特异性检测均为阴性.样品经100倍稀释后仍能检出.     

Phylogenetic and epidemiological characteristics of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Shandong Province,China from 2019 to 2021

H9N2 avian influenza virus(AIV) has widely circulated in poultry worldwide and sporadic infections in humans and mammals. During our surveillance of chicken from 2019 to 2021 in Shandong Province, China, we isolated 11 H9N2AIVs. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the eight gene segments of the 11 isolates were closely related to several sublineages of Eurasian lineage: BJ/94-like clades(HA and NA genes), G1-like clades(PB2 and M genes), and SH/F/98-like clades(PB1, PA, NP and NS genes). The isola...     

弓形虫E/SA疫苗对小鼠抗弓形虫感染的保护作用

用细胞培养方法制备了弓形虫(GJS 株)ES 抗原(Exceted/Sereted Antigen,E/SA),用油佐剂 M206按不同剂型制备 ES 苗,随机分组免疫健康小鼠(昆明鼠,23～25 g·只~(-1)),每组5只,皮注/腹注0.3 mL·只~(-1)。其中:组1,E/SA 浓缩苗;组2,E/SA 苗;组3,E/SA-H 浓缩苗;组4,E/SA-H;组5,培养液对照;组6,M206对照.另设:组7,健康攻毒对照;组8,健康对照.先后免疫2次(间隔15 d),第28 d 用弓形虫 GJS 速殖子强毒攻毒,每鼠腹注10~2.免疫前后分别取尾血片检测弓形虫血清抗体(IHA 法).     

灵芝菌丝体多糖体外抗氧化活性研究

对灵芝菌丝体的多糖含量进行了测定,得多糖含量为3.84％.运用DEAE Sephacel柱层析技术从菌丝体中纯化出M1、M2和M3等3种多糖组分,分别占菌丝体多糖总量的47.19％、31.18％、11.02％.体外抗氧化活性试验结果显示,M1对羟基自由基(·0H)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)的清除能力最强,M2次之,M3最弱.     

Development of a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay to detect avian influenza viruses in clinical specimens

In recent years, the avian influenza has brought not only serious economic loss to the poultry industry in China but also a serious threat to human health because of the avian influenza virus(AIV) gene recombination and reassortment. Until now, traditional RT-PCR, fluorescence RT-PCR and virus isolation identification have been developed and utilized to detect AIV, but these methods require high-level instruments and experimental conditions, not suitable for the rapid detection in field and farms. In order to develop a rapid, sensitive and practical method to detect and identify AIV subtypes, 4 specific primers to the conserved region of AIV M gene were designed and a loop-mediated isothermal amplification(RT-LAMP) method was established. Using this method, the M gene of H1–H16 subtypes of AIV were amplified in 30 min with a water bath and all 16 H subtypes of AIV were able to be visually identified in presence of fluorescein, without cross reaction with other susceptible avian viruses. In addition, the detection limit of the common H1, H5, H7, and H9 AIV subtypes with the RT-LAMP method was 0.1 PFU(plaque-forming unit), which was 10 times more sensitive than that using the routine RT-PCR. Further comparative tests found that the positivity rate of RT-LAMP on detecting clinical samples was 4.18%(14/335) comparing with 3.58%(12/335) from real-time RT-PCR. All these results suggested that the RT-LAMP method can specifically detect and identify AIV with high sensitivity and can be considered as a fast, convenient and practical method for the clinic test and epidemiological investigation of AIV.     

超滤膜分离白术多糖及其抗氧化活性的研究

利用超滤膜分离装置对白术多糖进行超滤分离,按分子量分成5个级别,用苯酚-硫酸比色法分别测定不同分子量范围多糖的糖含量,结果表明:它们占总糖的比例分别为:≥100 000的占3.39%,30 000～100 000的占10.47%,10000～30 000的占5.42%,6 000～10 000的占20.04%,≤6 000的占60.68%.另外各级多糖均具有抗氧化活性,其中10 000～30000和≤6000分子量的白术多糖对超氧阴离子自由基(O-2·)和羟基自由基(·OH)具有极强的消除作用.

Abstract：

Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides were ultrafiltered by an ultrafiltration membrane separation unit, and they were divided into 5 levels in accordance with molecular weight (MW). The contents of polysaccharides for different MW were determined with the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The result showed that the proportion of the polysaccharides with different MW in the total polysaccharides were as follows: 3.39% for MW above 100 000, 10.47% for MW between 30 000 and 100 000, 5.42% for MW between 10 000 and 30 000, 20.04% for MW between 6 000 and 10 000, and 60.68% for MW less than 6000. Determination of antioxidant activity demonstrated that polysaccharides of different MW all had antioxidant activity, and polysaccharides with an MW between 10 000 and 30 000 and less than 6 000, in particular, had a very strong scavenging action on O-2 · and · OH.     

Improvement of Ramoplanin Production by Mutation and Medium Optimization

The aim of this work was to develop a mutation and selection procedure to select the high-yield strain, and this strain could alleviate the inhibition in the biosynthesis of ramoplanin caused by L-leucine. In this experiment, the strain Actinoplanes sp. C6-78-14 that produced 384.8 mg of total productivity per liter was isolated. Its ramoplanin productivity was 4.13-fold higher than that of the parent strain A ctinoplanes sp. C2-9-45. The subculture experiments showed that the hereditary character of C6-78-14 was stable. Subsequent media studies with strain Actinoplanes sp. C6-78-14 showed that adding 0.001% FeSO4· 7H2O, 0.001% CoCl2· 6H2O and 0.001% CuSO4· 5H2O to fermentation medium respectively could enhance the ramoplanin production, and the production of each group was increased by 10%, 15% and 20% compared with the control group.     

水土壤植株和稻米中双草醚残留分析的方法研究

样品中双草醚采用碳酸氢钠水溶液提取,提取液用石油醚和二氯甲烷洗涤,水相酸化后用乙酸乙酯萃取,建立了双草醚在田水、土壤、植株和稻米中残留量的H PLC检测方法。结果表明,当添加浓度为0.01～1.0m g·kg-1时,样品中双草醚的平均回收率为81.02%～95.54%,变异系数为3.89%～8.66%。水样、土壤、植株和稻米中的最低检测浓度分别为0.002m g·L-1、0.01、0.01、0.01m g·kg-1。     

RT-PCR技术检测猪流感病毒

根据猪流感病毒(SIV)的M基因的序列,设计合成了1对引物,建立了检测猪流感的RT-PCR方法.应用该方法对H1、H3、H9亚型的猪流感病毒进行基因扩增,均获得了分子量为460bp的特异性目的片段,而对PRRSV、PCV2、PRV、CSFV进行同条件检测,结果均为阴性;SIV扩增产物测序结果与SIV其他毒株序列同源性达99%～100%.敏感性试验表明,该方法可检测到103 EID50的SIV;可直接从猪流感病毒感染小鼠的组织样品中检测到病毒.     

草莓流式细胞检测提取方法的优化

为了制备高纯度的草莓细胞核悬液,提高流式细胞仪检测准确性,获得变异系数(CV值)小、可信度高的检测数据,为草莓倍性育种提供技术支持。通过优化过滤方法与OTTO提取液,应用流式细胞仪对二倍体川九1号和八倍体红颊草莓进行倍性检测。结果表明,较好的细胞核悬液过滤方法为先用70μm过滤器,再用40μm过滤器的二步过滤法;优化提取液配方为OTTOⅠ缓冲液:100 mmol·L-1柠檬酸,0.5%(V/V)Tween20和2%(V/V)聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),p H 2~3;OTTOⅡ缓冲液:400 mmol·L-1Na2HPO4·12H2O,p H8~9。用优化的提取方法制备的草莓细胞核悬液经流式细胞仪检测分析,其直方图主峰窄而集中、变异系数为5.43%。