2007-2010年江苏地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒RT-PCR检测及部分Nsp2基因序列分析

本研究参考GenBank已发表的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV）Nsp2基因序列,在高致病性病毒Nsp2基因缺失区的两端保守区设计并合成了一对引物,建立并优化了能够区分经典PRRSV和高致病性PRRSV的RT-PCR诊断方法,并利用该方法对2007～2010年间江苏地区的45份可疑临床病料进行了检测。结果表明临床病料阳性率为40％,所有毒株均属于高致病性毒株。对PRRSV阳性病毒的Nsp2基因序列分析表明,所有18株PRRSV均属于美洲型毒株,与中国高致病性PRRSV代表毒株JXA1、WUH1的氨基酸同源性分别在82．2％～97．6％、80．4％～95.3％。此外,18株病毒的Nsp2共同存在不连续的30个氨基酸缺失,缺失位置与同期中国高致病性PRRSV具有相同的特征。通过本研究掌握了江苏地区2007～2010年间PRRSV流行情况及Nsp2基因变异特征,为地方猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的临床诊断和防治提供参考依据。     

猪繁殖与呼吸道综合征RT-PCR诊断方法的建立

根据猪繁殖与呼吸道综合征病毒（ＰＲＲＳＶ）核衣壳蛋白ＯＲＦ７的序列,设计了１套引物,对立了检测ＰＲＲＳＶ核酸的ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法。通过对猪繁殖与呼吸道综合征（ＰＲＲＳ）标准毒株的检测,证明该方法不仅能够扩增出特异性的核酸片段。同时可以从基因水平上区分ＰＲＲＳＶ美洲型和欧洲型。使用该方法对国内临床上疑似为ＰＲＲＳ的送检样品进行检测,结果为阳性,并确定基因型均为美洲型。该研究建立的从组织中直接提取细胞总     

A survey of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome among wild boar populations in Korea

No information is currently available on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Korea. In this study, the status of PRRS in wild boars was investigated. Blood samples were collected from 267 wild boars from eight provinces in Korea. Four of the samples tested (1.5%) were positive for PRRSV antibodies and eight (3.0%) were positive for antigens. Of the virus-positive samples, three and five samples were typed as containing European (EU, type 1) or North American (NA, type 2) viruses, respectively. Two amplicons (one from type 1 and one from type 2) were used to analyze the PRRSV open reading frame 7 (ORF7) sequence. The nucleotide sequences of type 1 PRRSV ORF7 had identities between 96.1% and 98.4% with PRRSVs from domestic pigs in Korea. The sequences of type 2 PRRSV ORF7 had identities of 100% with the PRRSV strain VR-2332, which was prototypic North American strain. These results show that PRRSVs are present in wild boars in Korea, and effective PRRSV surveillance of the wild boar population might therefore be useful for disease control.     

副鸡嗜血杆菌16 S rDNA PCR检测方法的建立

根据副鸡嗜血杆菌的16 S rDNA基因序列设计一对特异性引物XZIC1和XZIC2,对6株副鸡嗜血杆菌进行PCR扩增。结果显示,该对引物对6株副鸡嗜血杆菌均扩增出与预期大小相一致的282bp片段,而对鸡毒支原体、禽巴氏杆菌、鸡传染性支气管炎病毒、鸡新城疫病毒、大肠埃希菌、鸡白痢沙门菌、禽流感病毒(H9)、鸡喉气管炎病毒及葡萄球菌等9种病原体的扩增结果均为阴性。该PCR敏感性结果表明,本方法可以检测到10pg的副鸡嗜血杆菌DNA模板。采用引物XZIC1和XZIC2,对分别用副鸡嗜血杆菌ctcc253、ctcc255、ctcc257、ctcc269株感染SPF鸡的临床病料DNA进行PCR扩增,均可扩增出单一的282bp的片段。     

Molecular characterization of recent Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) viruses and comparison to other Asian PRRS viruses

Twenty-eight PRRS viruses (PRRSVs) isolated from various pig farms in Korea between 2002 and 2003 were sequenced for open-reading frame (ORF) 5 and/or full-length genome and compared with numerous PRRSVs reported from North America, Europe and Asia. All Korean isolates examined were genetically of the North American genotype. The ORF5 sequence of one isolate was identical to Ingelvac PRRS MLV vaccine virus. ORF5 nucleotide sequence divergence of the remaining 27 Korean PRRSVs from VR-2332, the prototype of the North American PRRSV and parental strain of the MLV vaccine virus, ranged from 1.3% to 12.9%, which corresponded to 2.0% to 14.9% divergence at the amino acid level, raising a concern on the efficacy of the MLV vaccine. Phylogenetic analyses of ORF5 and/or full-length sequences revealed that the Korean PRRSVs formed a clade distinct from PRRSVs reported from other Asian countries (China, Taiwan, Japan, and Thailand). Our study demonstrated that PRRSVs of the North American genotype were introduced to the Korean swine population some time ago and have evolved independently from PRRSV in other Asian countries, suggesting that geographic separation might influence the molecular evolution of PRRSV. This should be taken into consideration when a national PRRS prevention and control policy for international trade is established.     

Microarray-based detection and typing of foot-and-mouth disease virus

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the most economically important veterinary pathogen because of its highly infectious nature and the devastating effects the virus has on the livestock industry. Rapid diagnostic methods are needed for detection and typing of FMDV serotypes and differentiation from other viruses causing vesicular diseases. We developed a microarray-based test that uses a FMD DNA chip containing 155 oligonucleotide probes, 35-45 base pair (bp) long, virus-common and serotype-specific, designed from the VP3-VP1-2A region of the genome. A set of two forward primers and one reverse primer were also designed to allow amplification of approximately 1100 bp of target sequences from this region. The amplified target was labelled with Alexa-Fluor 546 dye and applied to the FMD DNA chip. A total of 23 different FMDV strains representing all seven serotypes were detected and typed by the FMD DNA chip. Microarray technology offers a unique capability to identify multiple pathogens in a single chip.     

Development of PCR-based tests for the identification of North American isolates of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus.

A serogroup-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and isolate identification strategies (restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and nucleotide sequencing) were developed for the detection of North American isolates of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV). PCR primers (EHDV-pr4, EHDV-pr5) were designed to hybridize to the L3 gene of a North American isolate of EHDV serotype 1. Total nucleic acid was extracted from preparations of infected tissue culture and PCR was performed using a cDNA-PCR kit, according to the manufacturer's specifications. The PCR assay generated a 459 base pair product from North American isolates of EHDV serotypes 1 and 2, while bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes 10, 11, 13, and 17, and cell controls, failed to demonstrate PCR products. Slight modifications allowed for the PCR detection of EHDV-1 and -2 in white-tailed deer blood (Odocoileus virginiatus); PCR fragments were not amplified from uninfected deer blood. A number of restriction endonucleases and sequencing primers were evaluated for their utility in isolate identification experiments. Specifically, REA employing HincII and cycle sequencing with an internal primer (EHDV-1-pr3) proved most successful for identifying isolate-specific genome markers. The techniques presented are expected to prove valuable for rapid and specific detection of possible future EHDV incursions in wild and domestic animal species.     

用RT-PCR对新城疫病毒分离株毒力的快速鉴定

根据新城疫病毒NDV强、弱毒株在F蛋白裂解位点氨基酸组成的序列上的差异,参照有关文献,设计了三对引物A+B,A+C,A+D。引物A+B能从Lasoa,B1,I系和强毒F48E8的含毒尿囊液中扩增出362bp的核酸片段,引物A+C仅能从强毒F48E8的含毒尿囊液中扩增出254bp的片段,引物A+D仅能从Lasota,B1,I系的含毒尿囊液扩增出254bp片段。三对引物均不能从IB,IBD,AI的含毒尿囊液和正常鸡胚尿液中扩增出特异片段。从发病鸡群中分离到3株NDV毒株中均被A+C引物扩出,它们的鸡胚平均死亡时间MDT分别为51.8h、53.2h、52.6h,1日龄雏鸡脑内接种指数ICPI为1.65、1.63、1.60,证明是NDV强毒。利用RT-PCR对NDV人工感染鸡最早可于攻毒后第二天从病鸡气管中检测到NDV,其次为泄殖腔和脾、肾。利用RT-PCR对NDV毒力的鉴定与传统生物学试验对强弱毒的测定结果完全吻合。但前者可在24小时内直接对组织匀浆进行诊断,具有快速简便和敏感的特点。     

Differential detection of Newcastle disease virus strains by degenerate primers based RT-PCR

Degenerate primers based RT-PCR (previously described by [Avian Dis 26 (1997) 837]) has been used for the detection and differentiation of Newcastle disease (ND) viruses. Two sets of primers (A+B and A+C), with common forward primer and distinct reverse degenerate primers, designed from fusion protein gene encoding for cleavage site, could differentiate virulent and avirulent Newcastle disease viruses (NDV). Both sets of primers amplified "F" gene sequence of virulent (velogenic and mesogenic) viruses, whereas in avirulent strains, amplification was only with primer set A+C. Total 10 NDV isolates and two clinical samples including both known and unknown pathotypes, were checked. Based on amplification results 5 viruses were found to be virulent type and 6 as avirulent with one of the two clinical samples, earlier positive by RT-PCR using non-degenerate "F" gene specific primers was found negative in this study. The technique has been found to be a simple and quick for the detection and differentiation of virulent and avirulent NDV, which is important for control of the disease in the events of the outbreaks.     

新型反转录-复合套式聚合酶链式反应(RT-nPCR)鉴别猪瘟强毒和弱毒疫苗方法的建立

对GenBank中登录的25株猪瘟病毒强毒株和兔化弱毒疫苗株基因组全序列进行比较分析,在其高度保守区设计1对通用引物,扩增片段为609bp,并在该对引物扩增区域内设计针对疫苗弱毒的特异引物,扩增片段为237bp,建立一种能够区分猪瘟病毒强毒和疫苗弱毒的敏感、特异、重复性好的反转录-复合套式聚合酶链式反应(RT-nPCR)鉴别诊断方法。该方法能将我国大陆地区流行的不同基因亚群的猪瘟病毒强毒与疫苗弱毒完全区分开来,且不与牛病毒性腹泻病毒及其他猪源病毒发生非特异反应。应用本试验建立的反转录-复合套式聚合酶链式反应(RT-nPCR)方法可以及早对猪瘟作出准确诊断,并可将强毒感染猪迅速从弱毒疫苗免疫猪群中筛选出来,减少了未感染免疫猪被误杀的可能性。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒的RT-PCR快速诊断技术研究

根据猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒(PRRSV)的N基因序列设计了一对引物,建立诊断PRRSV的RT-PCR技术。使用该方法对山东某些地区疑似为PRRS的28份送检样品进行检测,结果4份为阳性,证实山东存在PRRSV的流行。RT-PCR方法的建立为PRRS的快速、准确诊断以及进行分子流行病学的调查提供了新的技术手段。     

PCR detection of Clostridium chauvoei in pure cultures and in formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded tissues

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify specific segments of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of Clostridium chauvoei, a major pathogen of ruminants. Three sets of primers were used to produce amplicons of 159, 836 and 959 base pairs (bp), respectively. The PCR was evaluated by testing clinically important strains of Clostridium, including 21 strains of C. chauvoei, five strains each of Clostridium septicum and Clostridium perfringens and two strains each of Clostridium novyi, Clostridium histolyticum and Clostridium sordellii. Both purified DNA and biomass from pure cultures of each of these microorganisms were evaluated as templates in the PCR. In addition, extracts of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of eight sheep experimentally inoculated with C. chauvoei or C. septicum (four animals each) were also tested by the PCR using the three sets of primers. Purified DNA template of all C. chauvoei strains produced PCR amplicons of the expected size for all three primer pairs. However, when biomass from pure cultures of C. chauvoei or tissue extracts were used as templates, only the primer pair designed to produce the 159bp amplicon gave consistently positive results. No positive results were obtained with any primer pair when purified DNA or biomass from pure cultures of non-target clostridial species were used as templates. Therefore, the PCR primer sets appear to be very specific for identifying C. chauvoei in both cultures and tissues.     

口蹄疫病毒RT-PCR检测与血清型鉴别

针对编码非结构蛋白的3D基因合成一对引物进行口蹄疫病毒RT-PCR扩增,不同血清型病毒的RNA样本均显现一条457bp的目的带,与预期设计的长度相符合。在敏感性试验中,O型、A型和AsiaⅠ型病毒的最小RNA检出量分别为0.8ng、8ng和8ng。根据GenBank发表的口蹄疫病毒VP1和2A基因序列,采用多重RT-PCR鉴别口蹄疫病毒血清型,O型、A型和AsiaⅠ型病毒的特异性扩增片段分别为200bp、340bp和500bp。对9份乳鼠感染病料进行检测,确诊为O血清型口蹄疫病毒感染。     

上海地区鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S2基因的检测及分析

参考GenBank发表的传染性支气管炎病毒（infectious bronchitis virus，IBV）S基因序列，设计合成了1对引物，模拟PCR表明，该引物能扩增现已发表的所有IBV的S2基因部分核酸序列，扩增片段493bp。建立的RT—PCR检洲体系检测灵敏度达10～50ELD50，检出限量为0．1ng。采集上海地区12个鸡场疑似IBV禽样品34份进行检洲，阳性为32份，序列分析表明均为肾变型IBV S2基因片段，S2基因同源性较高（≥99％），与其他地区肾变型IBV也有较高同源性，而与腺胃型和呼吸型相比较，序列差异较大。进化分析表明，尽管IBV S2片段变异率明显低于S1基因，但二者表现相同的进化趋势，S2基因亦可反映出IBV的分子变异及毒株间的亲缘关系。     

应用RT／PCR—SSCP法分析传染性法氏囊病病毒的变异性

根据传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）cDNA序列，在病毒VP2区域设计1对引物，应用RT／PCR－SSCP方法对4个不同时间及不同地域从传染性法氏囊病（IBD）病鸡法氏囊组织中分离的IBDV分离物进行了分析，发现4个IBDV分离物的SSCP图谱均存在明显差异，本试验表明，IBDV变异在我国普遍存在，SSCP方法可用于IBDV的变异性分析。