一株大黄鱼致病性溶藻弧菌的耐药性及耐药基因分析

对一株分离自大黄鱼的致病性溶藻弧菌进行耐药性分析,分别用纸片扩散法、倍比稀释法检测了该菌对磺胺甲噁唑、氟苯尼考、盐酸多西环素、红霉素、盐酸环丙沙星、土霉素、恩诺沙星、硫酸新霉素、氨苄西林钠共9种药物的耐药性,同时用PCR法检测了该菌β-内酰胺酶基因bla CTX-M,喹诺酮类耐药基因(qnrVC,qnrVC5),四环素耐药基因(tetS、tetM)等耐药基因的携带情况。结果表明该菌对氨苄西林钠等药物耐药。对氟苯尼考、磺胺甲噁唑高度敏感。同时该菌携带bla CTX-M,qnrVC 2种耐药基因。本研究的结果为溶藻弧菌病的精准用药提供了数据支持。     

对虾养殖池副溶血弧菌的分离鉴定及其耐药特征、毒力基因分析

为了解对虾养殖池中副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)的耐药性和毒力基因的携带情况,2018年从山东4个地区的对虾养殖池收集分离副溶血弧菌,采用Kirby-Bauer纸片法检测其对12种抗生素的耐药性,用PCR方法检测其携带耐热直接溶血素基因(tdh)和耐热相关溶血素基因(trh)的情况。从对虾养殖池共分离副溶血弧菌50株。药敏实验结果显示,副溶血弧菌对庆大霉素、硫酸新霉素和氨苄西林的耐药情况最为严重,耐药率分别高达98%、90%和86%,对氟苯尼考、氯霉素、头孢他啶等敏感性较高,耐药率分别为10%、10%和20%。88%的菌株具有多重耐药性。毒力基因检测结果显示,所有菌株均不携带tdh基因,4%的菌株表现为trh阳性。本研究表明,对虾养殖水环境中的副溶血弧菌对抗生素的耐药性较为严重,应加强副溶血弧菌的病原学监测,在养殖过程中合理使用抗生素,以实现水产养殖业健康发展。     

cbpD基因对溶藻弧菌毒力及相关生物学特性的影响

为研究几丁质结合蛋白(Chitin-binding protein D,CbpD)对溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)毒力和相关生物学特性的影响,通过同源重组技术构建溶藻弧菌ZJ-T的cbpD基因缺失突变株ZJ-T-ΔcbpD,比较突变株与野生株对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的毒性,以及毒力相关生理过程,包括生长能力、运动性、胞外蛋白酶分泌活性、溶血活性、抗生素敏感性、生物膜形成、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)和铜离子(Cu²⁺)抗性以及铁离子(Fe³⁺)吸收能力的差异。研究发现,cbpD缺失后,溶藻弧菌对斑马鱼的毒力显著减弱,且细菌游动能力、涌动能力和胞外蛋白酶活性均降低,突变株对Cu²⁺的抗性提高;cbpD的突变不影响溶藻弧菌在富营养培养基中的生长、生物膜的形成、溶血活性、对大部分抗生素敏感性、对H₂O₂的抗性和Fe³⁺的获取能力。结果表明,cbpD可能通过正调控溶藻弧菌的运动能力和胞外蛋白酶分泌...     

一株致病性溶藻弧菌的多重耐药与毒力基因分子分析

从发病的凡纳滨对虾中分离并经鉴定得到一株溶藻弧菌(命名为:V_A-76),通过对虾回感实验和药物敏感性实验分别对V_A-76菌株的耐药表型和致病能力进行了研究,并运用PCR方法检测了该菌的毒力相关基因、整合子和耐药基因的携带情况。对虾感染实验结果表明,溶藻弧菌V_A-76能够导致凡纳滨对虾发病死亡。经PCR检测发现,该菌携带8种毒力相关基因:tdh、tlh、tox S、collagenase、fla A、omp W、asp A和fur。药敏结果显示,V_A-76对环丙沙星、氯霉素、链霉素、红霉素、磺胺甲噁唑、复方新诺明和利福平7种药物表现出较高的耐药水平,且该菌包含1类整合子、4类超级整合子SXT和1型插入序列共同区(ISCR1)。此外,该菌携带arr-2、dfr A27、str A、str B、floR、cat和qnrv C耐药相关基因。从上述研究结果可知,菌株V_A-76既具有一定的感染能力,同时对多种抗菌药物表现出较高的耐药水平,提示应对养殖源致病性弧菌的耐药性现状予以更多的关注。     

海南地区溶藻弧菌耐药性及其质粒多样性的研究

调查了海南省的30株溶藻弧菌环境菌株对24种常见抗生素的耐药性,并对菌株携带质粒及其多样性进行了研究,所有菌株对洁霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素、万古霉素、氯洁霉素、制霉菌素5种抗生素完全耐药,对24种抗生素的耐药率为20.8%～66.7%,表明该地区溶藻弧菌具有严重的多重耐药性;30株溶藻弧菌中有22株不携带质粒,8株携带1～3个质粒,质粒为1.20～12.5kb;8株携带质粒的菌株共形成了7种类型的质粒指纹图谱。试验结果表明,该地区溶藻弧菌的耐药性与其是否携带质粒无明显关系。分离菌株的耐药性可能主要是由染色体相关基因引起的。     

不同毒力溶藻弧菌脂多糖的多态性研究

提取了10株不同毒力的溶藻弧菌脂多糖,其中HN08811、HN08155、HN08813、HN08335、HN07006为毒力菌株,HN08805、HN08307、HN08156、HN08801和TG06003为非毒力菌株.分别取10μg进行SDS-PAGE电泳.结果表明,不同毒力溶藻孤菌脂多糖的电泳条带存在较丰富的多态性,在类脂质A区段(分离胶的上半部分),不同菌株间图谱呈片状堆积,多态性难以分辨;在抗原多糖O-特异性侧链条带区段(分离胶的下半部分),除HN07006外,毒力菌株的条带清晰,数目在7～9条之间,所有非毒力菌株产生细而密集的可辨条带.本文为一类遗传型的溶藻弧菌毒力菌株的快速鉴别提供了一种新的分子分型指标,也为溶藻弧菌的血清型分型提供了直接理论依据.     

副溶血弧菌养殖对虾分离株耐药性及耐药基因分析

文章采用琼脂稀释法检测从养殖患病对虾中分离的36株副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)对16种药物的耐药性,并用PCR法检测喹诺酮类耐药基因qnrA、qnrB、qnrS和qnrVC,酰胺醇类耐药基因cat、optrA、floR和cfr,四环霉素类耐药基因tetA、tetB和tetM,磺胺类耐药基因sul1、sul2和sul3,氨基糖苷类耐药基因strA、strB、aadA和aacA,利福霉素类耐药基因arr,β-内酰胺类耐药基因bla CARB和大环内酯类耐药基因erm的携带状况,分析其耐药表型和基因型之间的相关性。结果显示,36株副溶血弧菌对β-内酰胺类药物氨苄西林耐药率最高(88.9%),其次为磺胺类药物磺胺甲噁唑(66.7%),硫酸新霉素、庆大霉素、头孢曲松和美罗培南呈现100%敏感。多重耐药副溶血弧菌比例高达61.1%(22/36),其中1株对6类抗菌药耐药。喹诺酮类耐药基因qnrVC检出率最高达72.2%(26/36);其次为氨基糖苷类耐药基因srtB,检出率58.3%(21/36);大环内酯类、利福霉素类耐药基因均未检测到。耐药基因检出率与耐药表型没有表现出一一对应的关系,提示副溶血弧菌耐药的复杂性。     

基于一种新基因的溶藻弧菌毒力菌株检测方法的建立

根据溶藻弧菌毒力菌株HN08155的1个新的特异性基因序列设计了1对特异性引物SDRHf和SDRHr,扩增产物大小为217 bp;以此引物对为基础成功建立了与HN08155具有相似遗传型的溶藻弧菌毒力菌株PCR快速分子检测试剂盒.该试剂盒具有快速、灵敏度高、特异性强等优点,为海产品及水体中致病性溶藻弧菌的检测提供了一种有效方法.     

引发杂色鲍苗掉板死亡的溶藻弧菌分离鉴定及毒力分析

跟踪观察了广东汕尾鲍鱼养殖场的培苗过程,并从变白病鲍苗中分离到1株优势菌(1号菌株).2次不同时间、不同地点的回归感染实验均证明其可引发鲍苗死亡掉板,API条带分析表明其为溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus);胞外毒力因子分析揭示该菌株可分泌蛋白酶、脂肪酶、明胶酶以及拥有明显的溶血能力.结果证明了溶藻弧菌可引发我国南方杂色鲍苗掉板死亡.     

转座子mini-Tn10介导的运动突变对溶藻弧菌毒力的影响

采用转座子mini-Tn10/Km构建了致病性溶藻弧菌的突变库,采用半固体双层平板初筛到73株运动缺陷突变株,初筛的突变株纯化及重复筛选后获得运动性缺陷表型稳定的突变株ND-01MM,Southern鉴定确定其为单位点插入。野生型菌株ND-01和运动缺陷突变株ND-01MM对致病性溶藻弧菌的天然宿主大黄鱼粘液的趋化、粘附以及在大黄鱼吞噬细胞内存活能力等生理功能的比较研究发现,溶藻弧菌运动缺陷后趋化及粘附能力均极显著下降(P<0.01),但在吞噬细胞内的存活能力则与野生型菌株差异不显著(P>0.05)。采用腹腔注射和浸泡两种方式感染大黄鱼,结果发现运动缺陷对浸泡感染的影响较为明显,但对腹腔注射的感染方式影响不大。     

大菱鲆弧菌耐药谱、耐药基因检测和ERIC-PCR分型分析

2020年6—10月,从辽宁地区患病大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)体内共分离到394株菌株.基于16S rRNA序列鉴定分离株,采用微量稀释法分析随机挑选的18株大菱鲆弧菌(Vibrio scophthalmi)对8种抗生素的敏感性,检测其耐药基因携带情况,并基于ERIC-PCR进行分型研究.结果显...     

Effects of dietary xylooligosaccharides on growth performance,immunity and Vibrio alginolyticus resistance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of xylooligosaccharides on growth performance, immunity and Vibriosis alginolyticus resistance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Five diets were formulated to contain 0 (T0), 1 (T1), 2 (T2), 4 (T4) and 6 (T6) g/kg of xylooligosaccharides, triplicate groups of 40 shrimps with initial weight of 0.10 ± 0.01 g were fed to apparent satiation four times daily. At the end of the feeding trail, ten shrimps from each tank were challenged with V. alginolyticus. Results showed that shrimps fed xylooligosaccharides containing diets had higher (p < 0.05) feed efficiency, survival rate and intestinal villi length and area than those of T0. There was no significant difference in final body weight, weight gain rate and chemical compositions of whole shrimp among treatments. Shrimps fed T4 and T6 diets had higher (p < 0.05) phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities than those in T0. Concentration of albumin, phenoloxidase activity and survival rate of shrimps decreased (p < 0.05) after 72 hr of challenge, with SR being greater (p < 0.05) in T2, T4 and T6 than that of in T0. Results demonstrate that supplementing 4–6 g/kg of xylooligosaccharides in diets increased feed efficiency, survival rate, intestinal villi length and area, and improved the resistance of juvenile L. vannamei against V. alginolyticus. This study suggests that xylooligosaccharides could be a potential feed additive in practical diet of juvenile L. vannamei.     

抗哈维氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌与副溶血弧菌三联卵黄抗体的制备及体外抑菌效果的研究

为研究三联特异性卵黄抗体对哈维氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌与副溶血弧菌的体外抑菌效果,通过制备哈维氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌与副溶血弧菌三联灭活疫苗,免疫蛋鸡。收集鸡蛋制备卵黄抗体并检测其效价、纯度和特异性。通过免疫荧光、扫描电镜和体外抑菌实验初步探究其制备的三联特异性卵黄抗体对三种弧菌的体外抑菌效果。结果显示,ELISA检测特异性卵黄抗体效价高达1:51200,并维持5周;SDS-PAGE对分离纯化的卵黄抗体分析显示,随着纯化步骤的进行,卵黄抗体中的蛋白杂带逐渐减少,纯度变高。免疫荧光和免疫印迹实验表明,特异性卵黄抗体与抗原的结合具有较高的特异性。扫描电镜进一步观察发现,相比非特异性卵黄抗体,特异性卵黄抗体处理过的弧菌,菌体互相黏附在一起,菌体细胞表面粗糙,细胞壁破损。在体外抑菌实验中,特异性卵黄抗体对弧菌具有明显的抑制效果,且抑制作用呈现剂量依赖性。综上所述,本研究制备的三联特异性卵黄抗体能够与哈维氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌和副溶血弧菌发生特异性结合,通过体外实验发现,卵黄抗体通过凝集和黏附,破坏菌体细胞的完整性,从而发挥抑菌作用。     

哈氏弧菌外膜蛋白与溶藻弧菌脂多糖偶联疫苗的效果研究

采用十二烷基肌氨酸钠法提取哈氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)SpGY020601株的外膜蛋白(OMPC),采用酚水法提取溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)EpGS021001株的脂多糖(LPS).通过碳化二亚铵(EDC)介导的缩合反应,将哈氏弧菌的OMPC与溶藻弧菌的LPS偶联.OMPC-LPS偶联物、未偶联的哈氏弧菌OMPC、溶藻弧菌LPS、哈氏弧菌OMPC和溶藻弧菌LPS的简单混合物以及生理盐水按相同程序免疫卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus cvatus).检测血清溶菌酶活性、血清抗体微量凝集反应结果显示,卵型鲳鲹经OMPC-LPS偶联物、OMPC、LPS以及二者的简单混合物免疫后,各免疫组间血清溶菌酶活性没有显著差异(P＞0.05),但均显著高于生理盐水对照组(P＜0.05);OMPC-LPS偶联物免疫组的血清抗溶藻弧菌EpGS021001抗体效价较单纯溶藻弧菌LPS免疫组、简单混合物免疫组出现得早,抗体滴度高;与此类似,OMPC-LPS偶联组中抗哈氏弧菌SpGY020601的血清抗体效价较单纯哈氏弧菌OMPC组、简单混合组出现得早,抗体滴度高,且持续时间长;对EpGS021001、SpGY020601的攻击,OMPC-LPS偶联物免疫组的保护率分别为85%和95%,高于单纯溶藻弧菌LPS免疫组的70%、单纯哈氏弧菌OMPC免疫组的75%,也高于简单混合物免疫组的80%和82.5%.     

梭子蟹牙膏病病原菌——溶藻弧菌的鉴定及其系统发育分析

从山东潍坊池塘养殖的患有牙膏病的三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)中分离到1株病原菌(PX25),经回接感染证实为该病的病原菌。经生理生化试验及形态结构观察显示,该菌株革兰氏阴性,短杆状,直或稍弯曲,两端钝圆;固体培养基上培养后进行染色具有周生侧毛,液体培养基中培养后进行鞭毛染色具一极生单鞭毛;悬滴法观察PX25菌株具有很强的运动性。对其16SrRNA基因进行PCR扩增、测序和系统发育分析。结果表明,该菌株与溶藻弧菌亲缘关系最近,相似性达99.35%。综合菌体在形态、生理生化、API20NE与API20E自动鉴定结果、16S rRNA同源性等方面的特性,确认PX25为溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)。     

Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) is a potential virulence factor of Vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from diseased fish

Vibrio alginolyticus is one of the most serious causative agents of diseases in cultured marine fish and shellfish. However, the characteristics of virulence factors in pathogenic V. alginolyticus are poorly known. To gain insight into fish diseases caused by V. alginolyticus, we carried out two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to identify uniquely expressed proteins in the disease-causing V. alginolyticus. V. alginolyticus strains were isolated from marine environments and diseased fish obtained from southern Thailand. We identified seven unique proteins in the disease-causing V. alginolyticus strain. Among those, the outer membrane protein A (OmpA) had the strongest expression. Therefore, the function of this protein was further analysed. To investigate the role of OmpA protein, an in-frame deletion mutant of ompA was constructed using the homologous recombination method. Although the ompA mutant V. alginolyticus strain (ΔompA) grew normally, the mutant exhibited a significant defect in the swarming ability and the biofilm formation. Furthermore, Galleria mellonella larvae injected with the mutant bacteria had a significantly greater survival percentage than those injected with the wild-type strain, demonstrating that OmpA protein is required for the pathogenicity of V. alginolyticus. Together, this study suggests a potential target for vaccine development against pathogenic V. alginolyticus strain.     

Isolation and characterization of pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus from diseased postlarval abalone, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta (Lischke)

Outbreaks of serious mortality among cultured abalone postlarvae have occurred across Southern China since July 2002. Five motile bacterial strains were isolated from diseased abalone postlarvae on tryptic soy agar supplemented with 1% NaCl (TSA1) and/or thiosulphate citrate bile salt (TCBS) sucrose agar plates during an outbreak in August 2003 in Shanwei, Guangdong province. All isolates were characterized and identified as Vibrio alginolyticus on the basis of biochemical characteristics and comparisons with those of the reference strain V. alginolyticus ATCC 17749. Strain 19 (a representative of five similar isolates) was virulent to abalone postlarvae with an LD₅₀ value of1.00 × 10⁴ colony‐forming units mL^?1. All abalone postlarvae exhibited the same signs as in natural outbreaks. The same bacterium could be re‐isolated from abalone postlarvae after bacterial challenge using TSA1 and TCBS plates. The results reveal that V. alginolyticus is an infectious agent of abalone postlarvae.     

中国对虾糠虾幼体病原哈氏弧菌的鉴定及毒力基因检测

2011年春季对江苏连云港某对虾育苗场中国对虾Fenneropenaeus chinensis病死糠虾幼体分离到优势生长菌,对分离菌进行致病性、形态与生理生化特征及16S rRNA和gyrB基因同源性与系统发育分析。结果显示,引起糠虾幼体大量死亡的病原为哈氏弧菌Vibrio harveyi,菌株kx1对中国对虾仔虾和日本对虾仔虾的半数致死量LD50分别为2.0×106CFU/ml和7.0×105CFU/ml。为进一步明确分离菌株毒力基因的携带情况,进行了分离鉴定的4株病原菌对群体效应调节基因(luxR)、毒力调控基因(toxR)、溶血素基因(vhhA和vhhB)、金属蛋白酶基因(vhpA和vhpB)、毒力相关基因(toxS)、鞭毛结构基因(flaA)及锌金属蛋白酶基因(pap6)共9种毒力基因的检测,结果表明,4株病原菌均可检测到luxR、toxR、vhhA、vhhB和pap6毒力基因,扩增片段大小分别为679、390、1324、216和355 bp,其他4种毒力基因未检测到。分离鉴定的4株病原哈氏弧菌携带相同的毒力基因,这些毒力基因可作为检测致病性哈氏弧菌的生物学标记。