Variation Laws of Anthocyanin Content in Roots and Their Relationships with Major Economic Traits in Purple-Fleshed Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam]

Variation laws of anthocyanin content in root during the development and among the varieties, and their relationships with major economic traits in purple-fleshed sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam] were studied in the present article. The dynamics of 20 economic traits in 13 purple-fleshed sweetpotato varieties at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 d after their transplanting were investigated, and these traits included anthocyanin content in root, length of the longest vine, number of base branches, root number, dry matter contents in stem, foliage and root, fresh/dry weight of root, fresh/dry weight of stem, flesh/dry weight of foliage, flesh/dry weight of stem and foliage, flesh/dry weight of whole plant, and rations of photosynthate to root, stem, and foliage. The correlations between the variations of anthocyanin content and the other 19 economic traits among varieties and during the whole developing stages, and the correlations of daily increase of anthocyanin content with other l0 kinds of yields were analyzed. The results showed that： （1） During the whole development, the anthocyanin content had three variation types, i.e. a slow-increase type, a fluctuating-change type, and a deviousrising type, and had different responses to the growth of length of the longest vine, number of base branches, flesh/dry yield of root, and photosynthate allotments. （2） The anthocyanin contents among 13 varieties began to have significant difference after 20 d, and showed completed differentiation during 40-100 d, which had significantly negative correlationships with the number of base branches, fresh/dry yield of root, photosynthate allotment ratio to root, and had significant positive correlationships with dry matter content of root, length of the longest vine, fresh/dry yield of stem, dry yield of whole plant and photosynthate allotment ratio to foliage. （3） Because of the significantly negative correlation between daily increase of anthocyanin content and dry matter weight of root, the anthocyanin a     

Evaluation of thermotherapy against Huanglongbing (citrus greening) in the greenhouse

Huanglongbing(HLB, or citrus greening) is the most destructive disease of citrus, which is associated with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(Las). Few management options are available, aside from preventive measures such as removing infected plants, planting disease-free seedlings, and managing the insect vector. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of thermotherapy against HLB under controlled greenhouse conditions. A total of 60 two-year-old, graft-infected Citrus reticulata Blanco plants were used. The plants were randomly divided into three groups(45°C, 48° C, and untreated control), with five plants/replicate(rep) and four reps/treatment. The treated plants were placed in phytotrons for a 4-h treatment session, repeated once per week for three consecutive weeks. Disease remission was observed eight weeks post-treatment. Real-time PCR assays revealed that Las titers in HLB-affected seedlings were significantly reduced in both 45 and 48°C treatments four weeks after treatment, with the exception of eight plants. In contrast, Las titers in the untreated control plants increased significantly during the same period, with a maximum increase of 28-fold. Except for seven plants, Las titers in the new flushes of treated plants decreased more than 90% eight weeks after treatment. Las titers in mature leaves of treated plants decreased 56 and 60% in average at 45 and 48°C, respectively, eight weeks after treatment. The HLB symptoms and Las titer of seedings were markedly alleviated eight weeks after treatment in both 45 and 48°C treatments. Our results laid a good foundation for the further development of citrus free-disease seedling cultivation and Huanglongbing control in the field. The whole plants were replaced for scion or branch in previous as the research object in this study, and the expression of Huanglongbing symptoms combined with real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) were used to evaluate the effect of heat treatment in the greenhouse.     

Process Parameter Study on Microwave-assisted Foam-mat Drying Properties of Corn Soaking Water

In order to study the microwave-assisted foam-mat drying properties of corn soaking water and optimize process parameters, a quadratic regression orthogonal rotary method was used to analyze the influence of microwave power, material weight, material thickness and drying time on moisture content (dry basis), color value and protein content. Results showed that the primary and secondary sequence of parameters with regard to moisture content (d. b.) was drying time, microwave power, material weight and material thickness; the primary and secondary sequence of parameters with regard to color value was material weight, drying time, microwave power and material thickness; the primary and secondary sequence of parameters with regard to protein content was drying time, material weight, microwave power and material thickness. Optimum conditions were obtained as microwave power of 560 W, material weight of 46.88 g, material thickness of 6.20 mm and drying time of 8.01 min. The results might provide the theoretical basis and technical support for the microwave-assisted foam-mat drying of corn soaking water to produce yeast protein power.     

Reduction in Activity/Gene Expression of Anthocyanin Degradation Enzymes in Lychee Pericarp is Responsible for the Color Protection of the Fruit by Heat and Acid Treatment

Heat and acid treatments were reported to be a promising substitute for SO₂ fumigation in color protection of postharvest lychee （Litchi chinensis Sonn.） fruits, but the mechanism was not clear. In the present study, hot water （70°C） dipping followed by immersion in 2% HCl （heat-acid） substantially protected the red color of the fruit during storage at 25°C and inhibited anthocyanin degradation while hot water dipping alone （heat） led to rapidly browning and about 90% loss in anthocyanin content. The pH values in the pericarp of the heat-acid treated fruit dropped to 3.2, while the values maintained around 5.0 in the heat-treated and control fruit. No significantly different pH values were detected among the arils of heat-acid, heat treated and control fruit. Heat-acid treatment dramatically reduced the activities of anthocyanin degradation enzyme （ADE）, peroxidase （POD） and polyphenol oxidase in the pericarp. A marked reduction in LcPOD gene expression was also detected in heat-acid treated fruit, in contrast, induction was found in heat treated fruit. The pericarp of heat-acid treated fruit exhibited significantly lower respiration rate but faster water loss than that of the untreated or heat treated fruit. Taken together, heat treatment triggered quick browning and anthocyanin loss in lychee fruit, while heat-acid treatment protected the fruit color by a great reduction in the activities/gene expression of anthocyanin degradation enzymes and acidification of lychee perica.     

Optimization of Intermittent Variable Power Microwave Heating Process for Blueberry Pulp

To improve heating uniformity and anthocyanin content of the blueberry pulp under microwave heating, the intermittent variable power microwave heating technology was introduced in the study. The effects of technology parameters in terms of high microwave intensity heating time, intermittent time, low microwave intensity and low microwave intensity heating time on the blueberry pulp quality parameters(heating uniformity, average moisture content, the highest temperature and anthocyanin content) w...     

Effect of germination on the nutritional quality of Pearl millet

Changes in proximate composition, trypsin inhibitor activity, phytic acid, tannins, in vitro protein digestibility and amino acids content of Pearl millet were investigated after germination for 5 days. Germination significantly increased protein content of pearl millet, with a parallel decrease in lipid and carbohydrates. Trypsin inhibitor activity and the phytic acid content showed significant decrease whereas tannin content increased after 5 days germination. In vitro protein digestibility （IVPD） was significantly decreased with germination, suggesting that tannins may be responsible for enzymes inhibition. Amino acid analysis revealed significant increase in essential amino acids and none essential amino acids.     

Physiology and Biochemistry Changes of Euphorbia pulcherrima During Leaf Color Transformation

Reasons for the color change of E.pulcherrima were studied with physiological and biochemical paraments such as: chlorophyll,carotenoids,anthocyanin,Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),pH of cell sap in leaves and soluble sugar content etc.The results showed that during the period of the leaf color transmittion of E.pulcherrima,the contents of plastid pigment,soluble sugar and pH of cells sap in leaves showed a high-low-high dynamic change,while the contents of anthocyanin and PAL activity showed the low-high...     

Combining Ability and Parent-Offspring Correlation of Maize（Zea may L.） Grain β-Carotene Content with a Complete Diallel

Vitamin A deficiency has become a worldwide problem.Biofortified foods can potentially be an inexpensive,locally adaptable,and long-term solution to dietary-nutrient deficiency.In order to improve the β-carotene content in maize grain by breeding and minimize vitamin A deficiency,a complete diallel cross was designed with eight inbred lines of maize,and 64 combinations were obtained in this study.The experimental combinations were planted in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces,respectively,with a random complete block design.The β-carotene contents in the grains of the experimental materials were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.Among the tested materials,the effect difference of general combining ability of the β-carotene content was significant;however,the effect difference of the special combining ability and the reciprocal effect were not significant.The β-carotene content of maize grain was not influenced significantly by the cross and the reciprocal cross.There was a significant correlation about the β-carotene content in the maize grains between the F 1 and their parents.The combinations with high β-carotene content were obviously influenced by the environment,and the mean value of β-carotene content for the experimental materials planted in Ya’an of Sichuan was higher than that planted in Yuanjiang of Yunnan,with the results being significant at the 0.01 level.     

Concentration of Enrofloxacin Residue from Tilapia （Oreochromis niloticus） Muscular That Infected by Aeromonas salmonicida

Aim of this research was to find out the concentration of enrofloxacin residue in tilapia meat for several weeks after antibiotic treatment. Twenty seven tilapia fishes were divided into three groups. The first group was not infected and treated, the second group was infected with A. salmonicida subsp, smithia and the third group was infected with A. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes intramuscularly. Six days after infection, treatment was carried out using Baytril administered orally for the second group and intramuscularly for the third group during five days. At the 1 st, 4th and 8th week after the treatment, Three fish were taken from each group to be analyzed for its concentration of enrofloxacin residue by diffusion on Mueller Hinton Agar （MHA） method and quantitatively using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method. The MHA test showed the formation of inhibition zone, at the 1 st week and 4th week after the treatment, while at 8th week after treatment did not show inhibition zone. The HPLC test on enrofloxacin residual concentration in tilapia infected with A. salmonicida subsp, smithia （second group） at the 1st, 4th and 8th week after treatment showed the average of 33.0, 6.10 and 0.0021 μg/g of enrofloxacin residue level. While in tilapia infected with A. salmonicida subsp, achromogenes and treated with enrofloxacin intramuscularly （third group） showed the average of residue level 35.79, 2.18 and 0.00065 μg/g. In conclusion, the residue of enrofloxacin was still high concentration until the fourth week after treatment in the second and third groups. Based on Indonesian National Standards and Rules, the maximum limit of enrofloxacin residue is 0.01 μg/g. The concentration of enrofloxacine residue was very low and the concentration of enrofloxacin residue collected from tilapia using orally and intramuscularly method of treatment was not different.     

衣滞康散对胎衣不下奶牛血液流变学指标的影响(英文)

[Objective] The aim of the research was to reveal the mechanism of Yizhikang powder treatment on dairy cattle with retained placenta from the hemorheological perspective. [Method] Dairy cattle with retained placenta were treated with oral administration of Yizhikang powder. And their hemorheological indexes were measured and compared with the corresponding indicators of pre-administration group, healthy group, and control group (sick but untreated). [Result] There was large decrease amplitude in the indexes (whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity reduction viscosity, ESR, ESR equation K value, fibrinogen content, platelet aggregation rate, RBC deformability IF value) of treated dairy cattle with retained placenta. By t test, the indexes, except hematocrit, decreased significantly after treatment (P<0.05) and reached the status of post partum healthy cows. The hemorheological indexes didn't change significantly in the control group before and after treatment. [Conclusion] Yizhikang powder could significantly improve blood flow state and reduced the occurrence of qi stagnation and blood stasis in perinatal period.     

关于图书馆"绿色"与"生态"的几点看法

随着人类生存环境的日益恶化,人们的环保意识不断增强,对于图书馆的建设与发展人们也从多放面给予“绿色”与“生态”的关注。但对于“绿色”与“生态”内涵的理解,某些生态学概念与原理的运用还有待探讨。就这些问题提出自己的见解,并认为真正的绿色、生态图书馆不只停留在理论上,而是应从建筑、能源、环境等方面入手,在现实中建成。     

"学科馆员"与"参考馆员"之比较

从参考馆员制度与学科馆员制度的发展历史入手，从内涵、服务对象与服务内容、服务方式、服务性质、服务模式、角色与职责、素质能力等方面分析比较了参考馆员与学科馆员的异同，提出在当今网络资源庞杂浩繁，现代信息技术日新月异的情况下，建立和完善学科馆员制度，是知识经济时代知识创新的必然要求，也是图书馆服务创新．提高信息服务质量与水平的需要。     

"利"与"弊"

有一次,著名人际关系交往专家卡耐基曾经长期租用红约一家饭店的大舞厅,用来举办一系列的讲座. 但是在某一季度开始的时候,他突然接到通知,饭店让他付出比以前高出三倍的租金.卡耐基当然不想付这笔增加的租金,可是他知道跟饭店的人争论是没有用处的.     

中国哲学的“生生”和“创造”思想刍议

中华文化有两种精神相对峙,一种是刚健的,一种是柔顺的。《易经》"生生"学说所代表的正是中华文化的刚健精神。自二十世纪三十年代以来,以熊十力、张岱年等为代表的一批哲学家注重吸收《易经》"生生"学说,将生生与创造联系起来。他们从不同的视角论证创造与人的本性的关系,人应如何发挥创造性等重要命题,赋予中国哲学新的精神内涵,具有重要的理论和实际价值。     

论"名士风度"与"圣贤气象"的思想脉络

魏晋"名士风度"与宋代"圣贤气象"是不同的理想人格类型,它们在价值取向、思想资源等方面存在明显区别。但是,它们均是古代士大夫人生哲学的体现,故而在士大夫主体意识、名教可乐、性情结构、超越境界等问题上有诸多共同点,着重论述了二者承传发展的关系与思想逻辑的脉络。     

“原位驱氟”设想的提出

在我国,地氟病是一种广泛分布的地球化学疾病。研究表明,发病人群与地下水中氟的分布紧密相关。该研究将以山东省高密市为典型研究区域,对比现有的除氟降氟方法,提出"原位驱氟"的设想,进行室内模拟试验,并且论证该设想的可行性。