济南地区地被植物及野生地被资源的调查与应用

通过对济南市区野生地被资源及城区绿地已应用的地被植物进行调查，发现在济南地区能应用的地被植物十分丰富。文章在分析地被植物分布及其生长习性的基础上，提出了应用建议。     

百花山夏季观赏野生花卉资源在园林中的开发与应用

对百花山观赏植物资源进行了调查,重点分析了夏季观赏花卉,指出了该区野生花卉按其在园林中不同的利用价值可分为花镜、花坛类以及地被花卉类,对该区夏季观赏野生花卉资源保护及利用进行了探讨.     

杭州市地被植物资源及开发利用潜力分析

地被植物是杭州西湖山区和公园绿地系统各类植物资源的主要组成部分.通过实地调查和资料收集, 共发现可露地越冬地被植物695种(含品种),隶属96科,316属.这些地被植物中,属的分布类型与植物区系一致,具有热带-亚热带-暖温带的分布特征,生活型以多年生草本为主,小灌木和藤本植物较少,一二年生植物、竹类和蕨类较少作为地被植物应用,中矮型、中型和高型地被植物的比例基本接近,大部分地被植物的适应性较广、抗逆性较强.对杭州市野生地被植物的观赏特性和开发利用潜力进行简单分析.在杭州市城市绿化中应用野生观赏地被植物资源不仅能提高城市的景观效果,还能充分体现地方的资源特色,增添园林景观中的野趣.     

园林地被植物在千岛湖景观建设中的应用研究

在对园林地被植物进行界定的基础上,将千岛湖园林地被植物分为草本地被、观叶地被、观花地被和观果地被4类,并分别阐述了现有的种类、应用原则及应用形式,最后提出了园林地被植物在千岛湖景观建设中的应用建议。     

浙江农林大学春季野生草本植物多样性研究

2014年3—6月,采用典型样地法,对浙江农林大学东湖校区野生草本地被植物种类、组成结构、物种多样性指数等方面进行调查与分析。结果表明:浙江农林大学东湖校区野生草本地被植物丰富,野生草本地被植物共计24科59属66种,物种多样性的各项指标数值从3月初—6月初呈现逐月递增的趋势,并在全日照、半荫、全荫条件下数值依次递减。草本地被植物种类的重要值由高到低依次为半荫、全日照、全荫条件。     

颐和园地被植物的现状与应用调查

本文立足于颐和园的具体情况和特色,对园内人工及野生地被植物种类、数量、分布、应用效果等进行实地调查,总结了颐和园地被应用的经验和地被发展中应注意的问题,旨在使大家对颐和园地被植物的发展历史和应用现状有所了解,并为地被植物应用研究提供参考。     

苏州野生地被植物资源分析

对苏州野生地被植物调查结果表明,苏州有151种野生植物可作为地被植物开发利用,包括1～2年生草本14种,多年生草本86种,灌木18种,藤蔓类33种。分析了本区野生地被植物的观赏特性,并提出了开发建议。     

基于现状的万寿山野生地被管理与应用

万寿山是颐和园皇家园林的重要组成部分,又是北京西山伸入华北平原和北京城区的余脉。其地被植物兼具园林与自然双重特点。与人工地被相比,野生地被在很多方面具有显著优势。根据近年来植物普查的成果,我们基本认识和掌握了万寿山野生地被的现状,并对如何加强野生地被的园艺管理以及如何甄选应用优良的野生地被植物进行了初步探究,以期保证植物群落的健康稳定、丰富,提升林下的植物景观。     

华南乡土地被植物特性及其园林配置

华南地区具有丰富的地被植物资源。文章通过对华南现有乡土地被植物资源的调查和资料整理,把乡土地被植物分为蕨类地被植物、草本类地被植物、矮灌类地被植物和藤蔓类地被植物等4类。根据乡土地被植物对环境的适应能力、观赏特性和生长速度等原则。初步筛选已应用或具有应用潜力的35科50属60种地被植物,对其特性和园林配置应用特点进行了介绍。     

地被植物在园林中的应用

在分析地被植物作用、习性的基础上,探讨了地被植物在不同性质和功能的园林绿地中的配置原则和方式,并提出野生地被有着广阔的发展前景.     

浙江丽水乡土地被植物资源及应用初步研究

通过对浙江丽水乡土地被植物全面实地调查的基础上,结合参阅文献并对植物标本进行了室内鉴定。结果表明:浙江丽水具有观赏价值的乡土地被植物有147种,隶属56科110属。按生态类型可分为七类:1年生、2年生草本地被植物,多年生草本地被植物,蕨类地被植物,蔓藤类地被植物,灌木类地被植物,竹类地被植物和水生地被植物。并探讨了地被植物在城市园林建设上的应用。     

Vegetation dynamics in burnt heather-gorse shrublands under different grazing management with sheep and goats

Vegetation dynamics in previously burnt shrublands dominated by gorse (Ulex gallii) in north-west Spain were studied during 4 years under different grazing managements with sheep (Gallega breed) and goats (Cashmere or local breed). Initially (Period 1), treatments consisted of sheep or goat grazing on four plots (two replicates). After two grazing seasons, the plots were split in two and the treatments were reversed in four of the subplots; sheep were placed in subplots previously grazed by goats and vice versa (Period 2). The results from Period 1 showed that goats control the regrowth of gorse (from 19.6 to 14.2% of cover) more effectively than sheep (17.8 to 27.0% cover; P < 0.05), favouring the increase in herbaceous plants (from 21.5 to 42.1% of cover under goat grazing and from 22.1 to 26.6% under sheep grazing; P < 0.01). In Period 2, after changing treatments, there was a clear effect of the previous management (P < 0.01), conditioning the dynamics of the different plant components. Where the same animal species were maintained for 4 years, the differences between sheep or goat grazing on gorse and herbaceous plant dynamics increased (24.4% of gorse and 35.2% of herbaceous plant cover under goat grazing vs 43.8% of gorse cover and 19.1% of herbaceous plant cover under sheep grazing). Animal species change buffered the differences between sheep and goats during the second Period.     

科尔沁国家级自然保护区野生植物资源及其园林应用

对科尔沁自然保护区野生植物资源特点进行了分析,将其野生植物按园林绿化上的用途分为:孤植树或园景树类、行道树类、绿篱类、藤蔓植物、水景植物、地被植物及草坪、花坛与花境植物、片林等,并对园林应用价值高的植物进行了重点描述。     

Plant species cover,frequency, and biomass: Early responses to clearcutting,burning, windrowing,discing, and bedding in Pinus elliottii flatwoods

Pinelands in a 49 ha naturally-regenerated, mature flatwoods forest in north Florida were clearcut harvested in the fall of 1978, site prepared by burning, shearing and piling, discing, and bedding, and planted to slash pine (Pinus elliottii) in 1979. Three vegetation surveys were conducted: one prior to harvest in the summers of 1977 and 1978, and two subsequent to planting in the summers of 1980 and 1981.Cover and frequency of all plant species encountered were assessed on permanent transects. Foliage biomass by species was assessed by destructive sampling of distinct subplots within permanent plots. The aim was to assess plant species cover, frequency, and biomass responses to the forest operations imposed.Pine was eliminated as a dominant genus by harvesting. Planted pines were a fast increasing, but not dominant, component of the vegetation at 2 years of age. Previously dominant shrubs were severely reduced — often by approximately two orders of magnitude. Indeed, woody species were severely reduced: woody cover from 151 to 12% of surface area at plantation age 2 years; woody biomass from 6223 to 521 kg/ha.Conversely, herbaceous species were substantially increased: herbaceous cover from 38 to 51% of surface area at 2 years; herbaceous biomass from 382 to 1439 kg/ha. Thus, a predominantly woody ecosystem was converted to a predominantly herbaceous one for 2 years following planting.There was little change in plant species richness as a result of forest operations. Plant diversity changes were mixed the 1st year but diversity substantially increased the 2nd year. Comparisons with a companion study (Conde et al., 1983) suggest that, while increases in diversity following maximum site preparation may lag increases following minimum site preparation, cover, frequency, and biomass diversity all converge to common values after 2 years despite disparity in treatments.     

Plant community responses to a gradient of site preparation intensities in pine plantations in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina

Intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests are common in the southeastern United States and offer opportunities for conservation of biologic diversity. Within intensively managed landscapes, stand establishment relies on combinations of mechanical and chemical site preparation and herbaceous weed control (HWC) to manage competing vegetation and increase pine production. However, few long-term studies have described relationships between intensity of stand establishment and effects on plant communities. Therefore, we examined effects of 6 treatments that varied in intensity via combinations of mechanical (wide spacing and strip shear or narrow spacing and roller chop) and chemical (application or no application) site preparation treatments with HWC (broadcast or banded) from 1 to 8 years after site preparation on plant communities in loblolly pine plantations (n = 6) in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina, USA. All treatments resulted in abundant and diverse plant communities. Chemical site preparation had short lived (?4 year) effects on the herbaceous community but long-term effects on woody plants and pine cover. Increasing management intensity by including broadcast HWC or roller chop/narrow spacing did not additively reduce woody vegetation cover or species richness. However, broadcast HWC reduced grass, vine, and forb cover in the first year post-treatment. Average Morista community similarity values ranged from 0.69 to 0.89 among treatments and plots receiving the same chemical site preparation contained the most similar plant communities. Banded HWC can be paired with wide spacing to maximize herbaceous plant growth important for many wildlife species, particularly in the first few years after site preparation. Site preparation techniques should be tailored to local site conditions, plant communities, and management objectives.     

北京植物园乡土地被植物调查与园林应用研究

采用样方法对北京植物园中乡土草本地被植物的种类、频度和生长势进行调查。结果表明,北京植物园内的乡土草本地被植物共53种,隶属25科51属,其中菊科、十字花科和唇形科植物种类最多,茜草科、马齿苋科、罗藦科等15个科仅1种植物;抱茎苦买菜的出现频度最高。结合调查与城市园林应用进行分析,提出适合做林下、岩生及水边地被植物的种类,并提出加强乡土植物生境的调查研究,针对植物引种提出先易后难、少量间断移植,引种繁殖方式视所引种植物的生殖特性和引种量而定。     

The role of herbicide in savanna restoration: Effects of shrub reduction treatments on the understory and overstory of a longleaf pine flatwoods

Woody plant encroachment is a threat to savanna ecosystems worldwide. By exploiting differences in the physiology and seasonality of herbaceous species and encroaching hardwoods, herbicides can be used to control woody shrubs in savannas without causing lasting harm to desirable vegetation. We applied three herbicides and one tank mix to control shrubs following removal of the slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) canopy and replanting with container-grown longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings in a mesic-wet savanna in the southeastern USA. The herbicides tested were imazapyr, sulfometuron methyl, hexazinone, and a hexazinone + sulfometuron methyl tank mix. 4 years after application, no negative effects on understory species richness, diversity, evenness, or community composition were evident in any of the herbicide treatments. Oaks (Quercus spp.), one of the dominant shrub genera on the study site, were resistant to sulfometuron methyl, and this herbicide was therefore ineffective both as a pine release treatment and for enhancing herbaceous species cover. Imazapyr was the most effective treatment overall, leading to significant improvements in longleaf pine seedling growth and also enhancing herbaceous species cover. Both hexazinone and the hexazinone + sulfometuron methyl tank mix provided some seedling growth and understory enhancement as well. In particular, the tank mix significantly increased wiregrass cover relative to the control. Shrubs resprouted quickly following a dormant-season prescribed fire in the fifth year after treatment, indicating that herbicide-related increases in herbaceous cover may be lost if an aggressive prescribed fire program is not implemented.     

白羊自然保护区野菜资源研究

通过对四川白羊保护区的野菜资源调查,得出保护区野菜资源较为丰富,共计25科,52属,69种,以被子植物为主.其中草本植物占59种,灌木7种,乔木3种.具有代表性的种有荚果蕨、车前、紫花碎米荠、野胡桃、枸杞、楤木、蒲公英、卵叶韭等.开展保护区的野生蔬菜产业开发具有很大的前景.     

乡土地被植物的开发和利用

本文通过阐述乡土地被植物在城市绿化当中的优势和重要地位,对比了外来地被与乡土地被植物在生长需求、管理成本、景观效果等方面的不同,提出在调查的基础上应有步骤、有计划地对某些地被植物进行开发、利用,通过开发利用乡土地被植物,丰富绿地中地被植物的品种和层次。并提出开发利用的思路和建议。