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江西省湿地保护和自然保护区建设工作会议在南昌隆重举行2006年1月18日全省湿地保护和自然保护区建设工作会议在南昌市隆重举行。这次会议的主要任务是,认真贯彻落实《国务院办公厅关于加强湿地保护管理的通知》和全国湿地保护、自然保护区建设、野生鸟类禽流感防控工作会议精神,研究部署新形势下加强全省湿地保护和自然保护区建设工作。大会由江西省林业厅厅长刘礼祖主持,会上首先表彰了在湿地保护和自然保护区建设中做出贡献的先进集体和先进个人。省湿地保护协调小组办公室主任、省林业厅副厅长肖河作了“切实保护青山绿水,建设绿色生态…     

华坪县湿地保护管理现状与优化对策

指出了湿地资源对保护生物多样性与维持社会经济可持续发展有着至关重要的作用。以华坪县的湿地保护为例,详细分析了华坪县湿地保护的管理现状,提出了湿地保护的相对应的优化对策。     

内蒙古乌海市湿地资源现状与保护管理建议

内蒙古乌海市地处乌兰布和、库布齐沙漠和毛乌素沙地交汇处,气候干旱少雨,湿地资源十分珍贵。文章通过对乌海市湿地资源现状及保护管理情况的分析,进一步提出保护管理的建议,保护管理好乌海湿地对维护黄河上游水生态安全有着重要的意义。     

广德湿地保护分析与展望

通过对广德县湿地资源的调查、摸底、了解和分析,基本掌握了广德县湿地的生态环境、湿地资源类型、面积及自然分区,阐述了广德湿地自然保护区、湿地公园发展历程、发展现状、经验和问题,在分析广德县湿地资源及保护管理基本概况的基础上,对广德县湿地资源如何进一步加强保护管理拟定了短期、中期和长期目标,展望了广德县湿地资源保护和管理的美好前景,同时也为加大对广德县湿地资源保护和管理的力度,奠定和夯实了理论基础.     

南昌 国际湿地城市实至名归

<正>南昌位于中国最大淡水湖—鄱阳湖畔,湿地资源丰富,全市天然水域及湿地面积12.6万公顷,天然水域及湿地率达17.5%,天然湿地保护率达56%。丰富多样的湿地资源让南昌成为全球候鸟迁徙网络中的重要栖息地、长江中下游重要的生态安全屏障。无论从数据还是从众多迁飞候鸟的自然选择上,南昌都在国际湿地城市申报中脱颖而出,成为其中的一员。     

鄱阳湖湿地保护与合理利用

对鄱阳湖湿地环境与资源的现状进行了概述,从环境与资源状况,立法、管理与资源合理利用,以及湿地研究、监测与宣传教育等3个方面分析鄱阳湖湿地目前存在的问题及引起这些问题原因.针对这些问题,提出鄱阳湖湿地保护与合理利用对策.考虑到立法在鄱阳湖湿地保护管理中的重要性,对<江西省鄱阳湖湿地保护条例>进行了较为深入的剖析和探讨.由于生态旅游是保护鄱阳湖湿地资源合理利用的最有效途径,因此,对生态旅游也进行了较为详细的介绍.     

丽水市湿地资源保护现状分析与管理对策

在丽水市2015年县级湿地补充调查基础上,对湿地资源和保护管理现状进行分析,结果表明,丽水市湿地资源保护管理主要存在湿地保护机制不健全、未建立湿地分级保护及湿地生态补偿机制、缺少基础性研究支撑等问题,并针对湿地保护管理现状和存在问题提出保护管理建议,为丽水市湿地保护管理提供参考。     

广州市湿地资源现状及保护管理对策的探讨

通过调查广州市湿地资源及其保护管理现状,提出以下建议:加强湿地保护管理应遵循保护性开发的可持续发展模式,进行近期及中长期规划,健全湿地保护网络,加强湿地对环境影响的定性及定量研究,建立湿地管理信息系统,提高社会各阶层对湿地重要性的认识.     

广东湿地资源保护管理现状及其对策研究

通过对广东省湿地资源及其保护管理现状分析,指出广东湿地保护管理方面存在着保护管理机构和体制不完善、湿地权属不清、没有专门的执法队伍等问题,湿地资源也面临着环境污染严重、外来物种入侵等威胁,并提出了湿地保护管理的建议和对策.     

西藏重要湿地保护与恢复对策研究

西藏高原地理区位重要,开展湿地保护与恢复研究极为必要.通过对西藏重要湿地基本情况的调查和分析,发现西藏湿地保护管理中存在基础薄弱、区域保护管理不到位、资金投入不足、生态效益补偿机质未建立等问题,针对性提出了分类保护重要湿地、加强湿地管理与生态修复、建立湿地生态效益补偿机质和完善科普宣教体系等对策,以期推动西藏湿地保护和...     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.