棉花生长周期与气象条件的匹配度研究

随着全球气候变化,气象条件对棉花生长周期的影响日益明显。通过分析棉花生长周期与温度、降水、光照和风速等的关系发现,气象条件对棉花的生长和产量有着显著影响,种植户可通过选择适宜的棉花品种、调整播种和收获时间、合理灌溉和施肥等方式提高气象条件与棉花生长周期的匹配度。结果表明：适当的技术和管理措施可以改善棉花的生长条件,提高其产量和品质。     

扶风县棉花丰产气象条件分析

为了探索棉花高产稳产的途径,我们分析了扶风县棉花丰产和气象条件的关系,重点分析了丰、歉年份的气候特点,旨在开展棉花生育期气象条件的预报,以便生产中能充分利用有利气候条件,克服不利气候条件,在棉花生产中获得自由。一、扶风县棉花丰、歉气象条件分析棉花产量的高低是气象条件和栽培措施综合影响的结果。棉花整个生育期中受水热、光照条件的影响和旱、涝、风、冻等自然灾害的侵袭,直接影响到产量的稳定提高。从扶风1963—1976年棉花产量和气象条件的对比分析中可以看出,气象条件的优劣和棉花     

新疆阿克苏地区2020年苗期棉花立枯病局部重发气象成因分析

通过将新疆阿克苏2020年棉花播种出苗期间的气象条件与近10年（2010―2019年）和历年同期比较,分析光、温、水等气象条件与当地棉花立枯病发生的关系。得出2020年阿克苏地区棉花苗期立枯病局部爆发重发的主要气象成因是异常高低温、异常寡照、高湿、气温变幅大及5 cm地温持续低于20 ℃时间长。     

新疆阿克苏地区2020年苗期棉花立枯病局部重发气象成因分析

通过将新疆阿克苏2020年棉花播种出苗期间的气象条件与近10年（2010―2019年）和历年同期比较，分析光、温、水等气象条件与当地棉花立枯病发生的关系。得出2020年阿克苏地区棉花苗期立枯病局部爆发重发的主要气象成因是异常高低温、异常寡照、高湿、气温变幅大及5 cm地温持续低于20 ℃时间长。     

新疆阿克苏地区2020年苗期棉花立枯病局部重发气象成因分析

通过将新疆阿克苏2020年棉花播种出苗期间的气象条件与近10年(2010―2019年)和历年同期比较,分析光、温、水等气象条件与当地棉花立枯病发生的关系。得出2020年阿克苏地区棉花苗期立枯病局部爆发重发的主要气象成因是异常高低温、异常寡照、高湿、气温变幅大及5 cm地温持续低于20℃时间长。     

气象条件对棉花蕾铃脱落影响的探讨

棉花是彭泽县的传统大产业.棉花的增产潜力是在充分满足其生长发育的肥、水、光、温和管理等多方面条件下形成的.而其中气象条件造成棉花的蕾铃脱落,对棉花的稳产和高产的影响关系极大.为此,我们进行了初步的探讨.     

山东省垦利县棉花生长发育的气象条件分析

在介绍了山东省垦利县的气候特点后,分析了垦利县气象条件、病虫害和田间管理措施等因素对棉花生长发育的影响,提出了克服棉花生长不利条件的有效措施.     

气象条件对棉花主要产量因素的影响

通过对棉花主要产量因素与气象条件的相关分析,找出影响棉花主要产量因素的关键时期及关键气象因子,从而提出相应的生产对策.     

新疆早熟机采棉膜下滴灌等行距密植栽培技术

2016年春季(3-5月),阿拉尔市气温偏高,降水偏少,阶段性光照略显不足.棉花春耕春播期间主要时段热量条件较好,总的农业气象条件有利于棉花播种和出苗.在棉花幼苗生长发育期间,气温高,热量好,对棉花生产有利.但春季局部地区沙尘暴、大风、冰雹等不利天气对棉花生产有一定的影响.     

2021年新疆阿克苏棉花减产的气象原因分析及灾害防御措施

依据2021年新疆阿克苏地区棉花减产的实际情况,对当年棉花生育期间（4-10月）的气象条件进行综合分析,结果表明：低温、阴雨和极端灾害性天气是造成棉花生长发育推迟,产量和品质下降的主要气象原因。并针对不同的气象灾害,提出相应的综合防御和补救措施,为推进棉花高质量持续健康发展提供准确、及时、优质高效的气象服务保障。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.