代乳粉对阿尔巴斯绒山羊双胎羔羊生产性能及经济效益的影响

为解决阿尔巴斯绒山羊双胎羔羊母乳短缺的现状,探讨代乳粉替代的可行性,随机选择30对健康的绒山羊双胎羔羊,每对双胎羔羊随机分为试验组和对照组,每组30只。试验组从产羔后10 d开始饲喂代乳粉,对照组吃母乳,预饲期5 d,正式试验86 d。结果:96日龄断乳时试验组羔羊体重和日增重略高于对照组,但无显著差异(P0.05),饲喂代乳粉比购买鲜牛乳每只羔羊节约成本37.6元。     

苜蓿草块饲喂育肥羔羊的试验

选择2月龄断奶羔羊100只,随机分为试验与对照组.预试期10 d后,试验组采用苜蓿草块饲喂32 d,结果供试羔羊平均日增重为292.2 g,比对照组提高了33.0%(P＜0.01),32 d内在不增加精料的基础上多增重2.31 kg.试验结果表明,试验组羔羊经过32 d的短期肥育,平均每只比对照组多增收15.42元,每天多增收0.48元(P＜0.01),饲喂苜蓿草块显著提高了羔羊的经济效益.试验结果认为,苜蓿草块产品是生产绿色畜产品的饲草保障基础,应该大力推广应用.     

苜蓿草块饲喂育肥羔羊的试验

选择2月龄断奶羔羊100只,随机分为试验与对照组。预试期10d后,试验组采用苜蓿草块饲喂32 d,结果供试羔羊平均日增重为292.2 g,比对照组提高了33.0％(P<0.01),32 d内在不增加精料的基础上多增重2.31kg。试验结果表明,试验组羔羊经过32d的短期肥育,平均每只比对照组多增收15.42元,每天多增收0.48元(P<0.01),饲喂苜蓿草块显著提高了羔羊的经济效益。试验结果认为,苜蓿草块产品是生产绿色蓄产品的饲草保障基础,应该大力推广应用。     

肉羊杂交一代TMR饲喂技术的应用试验

为了解决肉羊生产中饲料转化率低的问题,笔者在乌苏佳禾羊场分期开展了肉羊全混合日粮(TMR)饲喂技术应用试验,一期试验选择断奶后4~5月龄杂交公羔羊64只,在冬季完成;二期试验选择断奶后4~5月龄杂交公羔羊38只,在夏季完成。两期试验均将杂交公羔羊随机分为2组,试验组采用TMR饲喂方式,对照组采用常规先粗后精饲喂方式,试验结束后测定各组羔羊的日增重、料肉比,并进行比较和分析。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组羔羊日增重显著高于对照组(P0.05),料肉比显著低于对照组(P0.05)。     

补饲代乳粉对哺乳期羔羊体重和体尺的影响

为了研究代乳粉对羔羊生长性能和体尺参数的影响,将40只湖羊(♂)×小尾寒羊(♀)杂交F1代羔羊随机分为2组,试验组羔羊母乳哺养并饲喂代乳粉,对照组羔羊母乳哺养。结果表明:试验组羔羊60日龄平均体重为16.31kg,显著高于对照组的15.14kg(P0.05);试验组羔羊1~60日龄平均日增重324.77g显著高于对照组的261.80g(P0.05);试验组羔羊体长、体高均高于对照组,且胸围显著高于对照组(P0.05),表明饲喂代乳粉对羔羊生长发育有促进作用。     

不同脂肪水平代乳料对哺乳羔羊生长性能的影响

本试验研究了不同脂肪水平代乳料对哺乳羔羊生长发育的影响。选择28只体重、日龄相近的德克赛尔(Texel)公羔,于10日龄断母乳后随机分为4组,对照组饲喂全脂牛奶粉,试验组饲喂以大豆油作为脂肪添加源的代乳料,A、B、C组3个试验组的脂肪水平分别为20%、25%和30%。结果表明:羔羊平均精补料采食量和平均日增重存在显著差异,A、B组羔羊精补料采食量显著高于C组和对照组;B组的全期平均日增重显著高于C组(P<0.05),在51~60日龄阶段,B组平均日增重达到381.67 g/d,极显著(P<0.01)高于C组266.40 g/d;试验期内,随着代乳料脂肪水平的升高腹泻次数逐渐增加。适当的代乳料脂肪水平可以促进羔羊的固体饲料采食能力和生长性能,在以大豆油作为脂肪添加源的情况下,代乳料的适宜脂肪水平为20%~25%。     

人工饲喂芽孢杆菌的哈萨克羔羊肠道形态结构研究

将24只3月龄的新疆哈萨克羔羊,随机分为2组,对照组饲喂基础日粮并口服生理盐水;试验组羔羊口服108 CFU以上的芽孢杆菌HS06菌液.饲喂14 d后采样测定肠道的绒毛高度、黏膜厚度、肌层厚度以及IL-6的水平.结果与对照组相比,试验组羔羊肠道不同肠段绒毛长度、黏膜厚度及肌层厚度皆显著增加(P<0.05),并且显著提高...     

两种饲料补饲对妊娠后期青海半细毛羊羔羊初生重的影响

为了探讨牧户传统自配饲料与全价精料补饲对妊娠后期青海半细毛羊羔羊初生重的影响,选择体重、胎次、预产期基本相近的青海半细毛羊妊娠母羊60只,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组30只,在临近预产期42d开始进行补饲试验。结果表明,试验组羔羊平均初生重为3.41kg;对照组羔羊平均初生重为3.06kg;试验组羔羊比对照组羔羊高0.35kg,提高11.33%,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

柯尔克孜羊羔羊补饲营养调控效果研究

为了研究柯尔克孜羊羔羊补饲营养调控的效果,选择健康无病、胎次和初生体重相近的羔羊40只,随机分为2组（每组20只）,对照组按传统方式饲喂,试验组从10日龄开始设羔羊补饲栏进行补饲,测定0～60日龄两组羔羊各日龄段的体尺、体重,并分析两组羔羊各日龄段的平均日增重、相对生长率和体尺性状变化。结果表明,试验组羔羊平均日增重0.31 kg,显著高于对照组（0.22 kg）(P<0.05);试验组羔羊60日龄体重23.06 kg,比对照组提高了30.50%;试验组羔羊的体高、体长和胸围均显著大于对照组（P<0.05）。说明柯尔克孜羔羊早期补饲营养调控可以有效地促进羔羊生长。     

羔羊不同断奶日龄对小肠黏膜形态的影响

为了探索不同断奶日龄对羔羊小肠黏膜形态的影响,试验分别选取15、30和45日龄波尔山羊(♂)×南江黄羊(♀)杂交一代断奶羔羊各10只,分为3个试验组;同时选15日龄羔羊14只,自然断奶作为对照组。各试验组断奶后10 d(对照组分别在25、40和55日龄),空腹屠宰取十二指肠、空肠、回肠中部各2 cm作组织切片,观察其绒毛高度、隐窝深度和绒毛形态结构。结果表明:与对照组相比,各断奶组羔羊十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度和绒毛形态均有不同程度的变化。断奶日龄越早,羔羊小肠黏膜变化越明显,其中绒毛高度下降幅度越大,隐窝深度加深越严重,断奶10 d后恢复情况越差,断奶日龄推迟到30日龄时损伤较小,恢复较好。羔羊30日龄断奶饲喂代乳料,对其小肠形态结构影响较小,实施断奶最好。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.