3种披碱草属牧草对比试验

本文通过短芒披碱草与老芒麦和垂穗披碱草两个品种的生产性能及经济性状的比较,表明新选育品种短芒披碱草的产草量及产籽量比其他两个品种高,尤其是产籽量差异极显著,且新选育的短芒披碱草适应性广,抗逆性强,是青海省高寒牧区草地建设、退耕还草和生态治理工程最适宜的优良牧草品种之一。     

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC EXAMINATIONS OF THE AVIAN EYE: PHYSIOLOGIC APPEARANCE, PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS, AND COMPARATIVE BIOMETRIC MEASUREMENT

Ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) were performed after routine ophthalmologic and ophthalmoscopic examinations in 190 eyes of six various diurnal (common buzzard [Buteo buteo L., 1758], n = 20; common kestrel [Tinnunculus tinnunculus L., 1758], n = 20) and nocturnal raptor species (barn owl [Tyto alba L., 1758], n = 22; tawny owl [Strix aluco L., 1758], n = 8; long-eared owl [Asio otus L., 1758], n = 5; horned owl [Bubo bubo L., 1758], n = 1); and domestic pigeons (Columba livia, Gmel., 1789; n = 19), with a total of 95 individuals. Pathologic findings such as lens subluxation and luxation, intravitreal hemorrhage, detached retina, post-traumatic partial sequestration, or malformation of the pecten could be demonstrated with diagnostic imaging tools, while opacities of cornea or lens constrained direct ophthalmoscopic examination. The results proved US to be a quick noninvasive imaging technique for detailed ocular diagnoses. CT provided detailed information of the bony skull and bony scleral rings as well as adequate visualization of shape, size, and margination of the eye and lens. Nevertheless, CT was unable to differentiate subtle structures within the vitreous like the pecten oculi or hemorrhage. Biometric measurements were carried out to objectify imaging results. Results showed good correlation of depth and width of the anterior eye chamber, lens and vitreous, length of the bulbus, and the pecten but no correlation of cornea and posterior wall thickness was found.     

两类SSR对苜蓿属种质遗传多样性和亲缘关系的比较研究

利用33对细胞核SSR标记和28对叶绿体SSR标记对38份苜蓿属种质进行了遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。在38份苜蓿属种质中,叶绿体SSR标记的平均等位变异数高于细胞核SSR标记,而遗传多样性指数则相反;分别用细胞核SSR、叶绿体SSR和61对SSR标记对38份苜蓿属种质进行聚类,结果显示:3次聚类都把38份苜蓿属种质划分为一年生和多年生苜蓿两个大类群;以相似系数0.8为准,3次聚类结果的差异主要显示在一年生苜蓿内部尤其是蒺藜苜蓿种质内的品种(系)划分上。     

醉马草内生真菌对3种草坪草种子与种苗的化感效应

于2008年通过种子萌发法和盆栽法研究了醉马草(Achnatherum inebrians Keng.)内生真菌(Neotyphodium gansuense Li & Nan)对多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)和草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis L.)3种草坪草化感作用的影响。结果表明:在种子萌发试验中,醉马草草粉对3种草坪草的生长均有一定的抑制作用,而且内生真菌显著增强了醉马草草粉对多年生黑麦草发芽率和对草地早熟禾发芽率、芽长的抑制作用(P<0.05);显著降低了醉马草对多年生黑麦草的胚根长、芽长、芽重和对高羊茅的发芽率、芽长的抑制作用(P<0.05)。在盆栽试验中,醉马草草粉对3种草坪草的生长均有一定的促进作用,而且内生真菌显著增强了醉马草对多年生黑麦草的初期出苗率,对高羊茅的初期出苗率、苗长和对草地早熟禾的出苗率的促进作用(P<0.05)。因此,内生真菌增强了醉马草对3种草坪草的化感效应。     

融雪剂对北方四种主要草坪植物种子萌发的影响

本试验用不同浓度的融雪剂对白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)、早熟禾(Poa annua L.)、紫羊茅(Festuca rubra L.)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)进行胁迫处理,研究融雪剂对4种草坪植物种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、胚根和胚芽长度的影响及其相关性。结果表明:在融雪剂胁迫下,除紫羊茅的发芽率在融雪剂浓度为3g(L-1时呈升高趋势外,其余草坪植物种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数均随融雪剂浓度的升高而下降。4种草坪植物种子的融雪剂耐受性大小为紫羊茅白三叶紫花苜蓿早熟禾。     

早熟禾属10种植物酯酶同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对早熟禾属10种材料进行酯酶同工酶分析。结果表明,供试材料出现56条酶带,其数量在种间差异显著,其中最多者出现8条,最少4条。由于酶带数量、位点以及活性强度各不相同,形成了各个种特有的特征酶谱,这些特征酶谱可以用于早熟禾属植物的分类和鉴定。     

云南省丽江玉龙县蜜源植物资源初步调查

通过初步调查,丽江玉龙县有蜜源植物171种,分属于54科,128属。蜜源植物资源丰富,种类多样,全年皆有花开。蜜源开花期主要集中在冬末至春季、夏末至冬初,适合发展养蜂业。有毒蜜源植物有4种,分别为紫花醉鱼草、瑞香狼毒、蓖麻、白花曼陀罗。     

Preliminary investigations of hydrogen peroxide treatment of selected ornamental fishes and efficacy against external bacteria and parasites in green swordtails

The objectives of these preliminary studies were to evaluate the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for the treatment of selected species of ornamental fishes and its efficacy in treating external bacteria and parasites. In the first part of the study, fish of five species (serpae tetra Hyphessobrycon eques (also known as Serpa tetra H. serpae), tiger barb Puntius tetrazona, blue gourami Trichogaster trichopterus, suckermouth catfish Hypostomus plecostomus, and green swordtail Xiphophorus hellerii) were exposed to H2O2 for 1 h at concentrations between 6 and 34 mg/L or for 24 h at concentrations between 1 and 6 mg/L. The results were species specific: green swordtails tolerated all of the treatments, serpae tetras and tiger barbs were sensitive only to the highest concentration, and mortalities of suckermouth catfish and blue gourami were recorded in every treatment. In the second part of the study, clinically healthy green swordtails and fish infested with external motile rod-shaped bacteria (i.e., Ichthyobodo spp., Trichodina spp., and Gyrodactylus spp.) were treated with several concentrations of H2O2. A single H2O2 treatment of 3.1 mg/L or more for 1 h effectively eliminated external bacteria, concentrations of 6.5 mg/L or more appeared to effectively kill Ichthyobodo spp., and none of the treatments tested was effective against Trichodina spp. or Gyrodactylus spp. These preliminary findings suggest that H2O2 is effective for treating certain external bacterial infections and flagellate infestations in some species of ornamental fish at the dosages tested. Other treatment regimens may need to be tested for effectiveness against Trichodina spp. and Dactylogyrus spp.