不同刈割期和干燥方法对牧草营养成分含量的影响

研究了不同刈割期和干燥方法对第一茬牧草水溶性碳水化合物（WSC）等营养水分的影响。结果表明：（1）牧草随着生育期的推进粗蛋白质（CP）和粗灰分（CA）的含量逐渐下降，中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的含量逐渐增加，而且豆科牧草在营养生长阶段CP含量显著高于禾本科牧草，但它们下降的速度和NDF、ADF增加的速度也比较快；WSC的含量禾本科牧草在抽穗和开花期较高；牧草WSC与CP含量之间不存在相关。（2）牧草烘干样品中CP、WSC含量最高，而NDF和ADF含量最低，最佳的干燥方法是直接烘干，其次是晒后烘干、阴干、晒干最差。     

怒江干热河谷牧草适应性研究

在云南怒江干热河谷地区对引进的16个禾本科热带牧草进行区域适应性研究,结果表明,参试的 16个牧草品种(品系)均能适应云南怒江干热河谷气候。在产量方面,红象草(Pennisetum purpureum cv. Red)产量最高,干草产量达35 915.00 kg/hm2,极显著高于参试的其他15个牧草品种（P<0.01）。其次是热研8号坚尼草（Panicum maximum cv.Reyan No.8）、热研9号坚尼草(P.maximum CIAT 9)、TD 58坚尼草(P.maximum cv.TD 58)和热研6号珊状臂形草（Brachiaria brizantha cv.Reyan No.6）,以上4个牧草品种产量之间差异不显著（P>0.05）,但显著高于杂交臂形草(B.hybrid)（P<0.05）,极显著高于参试的其他10个牧草品种。红象草、热研8号坚尼草、热研9号坚尼草、TD 58坚尼草、热研6号珊状臂形草等牧草品种饲草产量高、生长迅速、刈割再生能力强、抗旱性强,适宜在干热河谷地区推广种植。     

不同干燥方法对苜蓿营养成分及其降解率的影响

试验研究了不同干燥方法对不同生育期苜蓿的营养成分及开花期样品的瘤胃降解率的影响。结果表明:(1)随着生育期的推进,CP和CA含量逐渐下降,NDF、ADF的含量逐渐增加,而WSC的含量开始增加,到现蕾期最高,后又减少;(2)干燥方法对WSC含量的影响极其显著(P<0.01),含量从高到低的顺序为:烘干、晒后烘干、晒干、阴干;(3)开花期样品OM和DM的降解率从高到低的排列为烘干、晒后烘干、晒干和阴干。     

不同干燥方法对苜蓿营养成分及其降解率的影响

试验研究了不同干燥方法对不同生育期苜蓿的营养成分及开花期样品的瘤胃降解率的影响.结果表明(1)随着生育期的推进,CP和CA含量逐渐下降,NDF、ADF的含量逐渐增加,而WSC的含量开始增加,到现蕾期最高,后又减少;(2)干燥方法对WSC含量的影响极其显著(P＜0.01),含量从高到低的顺序为烘干、晒后烘干、晒干、阴干;(3)开花期样品OM和DM的降解率从高到低的排列为烘干、晒后烘干、晒干和阴干.     

不同刈割期和干燥方法对牧草营养成分含量的影响

研究了不同刈割期和干燥方法对第一茬牧草水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)等营养成分的影响.结果表明(1)牧草随着生育期的推进粗蛋白质(CP)和粗灰分(CA)的含量逐渐下降,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的含量逐渐增加,而且豆科牧草在营养生长阶段CP含量显著高于禾本科牧草,但它们下降的速度和NDF、ADF增加的速度也比较快;WSC的含量禾本科牧草在抽穗和开花期较高;牧草WSC与CP含量之间不存在相关.(2)牧草烘干样品中CP、WSC含量最高,而NDF和ADF含量最低,最佳的干燥方法是直接烘干,其次是晒后烘干、阴干,晒干最差.     

西双版纳州4种臂形草属牧草引种试验

2005、2006和2007年,分别在景洪市嘎洒镇选取海拔为550、560和846 m的3个试验点,种植新引进的杂交臂形草1号（Brachiaria brizantha Mulato 1)、杂交臂形草2号（B.brizantha Mulato 2)、热研3号俯仰臂形草（B.decumbens cv.Reyan No.3）和热研6号珊状臂形草（B.brizantha cv.Reyan No.6）,进行比较试验。结果表明,4种牧草均有分蘖数多、产量高、生产性能稳定,营养价值高、适口性好、容易刈割,抗病力强、对土壤和气候条件的要求不高、适应性强、容易种植、便于推广等优点。热研3号俯仰臂形草、热研6号珊状臂形草根系发达,利于控制水土流失,也有利于草地防火,一次种植可长期受益,建议在西双版纳州、德宏州和海南省推广种植;杂交臂形草1号和杂交臂形草2号出苗快、孕穗期长、抽穗期晚、茎叶比小、适口性更好、消化利用效率更高,建议重点推广应用。     

4个臂形草品种在闽南地区的生育特性及其相对饲用价值研究

对4个臂形草Brachiaria品种进行3年的生育特性及其品质分析,结果表明,参试品种均可在闽南地区越夏越冬,热研3号和热研6号的开花期均在6月上中旬,杂交臂形草Mulato1与Mulato2开花期比热研6号推迟2个月左右;年均草产量以杂交臂形草Mulato1最高,鲜草产量与热研6号臂形草达极显著水平;营养成分分析结果显示,参试品种分蘖期粗蛋白含量以杂交臂形草Mulato1最高,达9.38%,粗脂肪和钙含量以热研6号最高,相对饲用价值均达100%左右。杂交臂形草Mulato1可作为刈割型牧草在闽南地区推广种植。     

利用体外产气法研究3个品种柱花草与王草间的组合效应

本试验旨在利用体外产气法研究3个品种柱花草与王草间的组合效应。将3个品种柱花草[热研2号、20号、21号柱花草]与热研4号王草分别以6个比例[0∶100、10∶90、20∶80、40∶60、50∶50、100∶0]组合,利用体外产气技术,分析不同比例的组合对产气量、产气参数、体外干物质消化率(IVDMD)、氨态氮(NH3-N)和微生物蛋白(M CP)含量的影响,计算各组合的单项组合效应值和综合组合效应值,进而筛选出各品种柱花草与王草的适宜比例。结果表明:1)热研2号和20号柱花草与王草不同比例组合的快速发酵部分产气量差异达到显著水平(P0.05),快速发酵部分产气量达到最大的组合比例分别为30∶70和50∶50。热研2号柱花草∶王草、热研21号柱花草∶王草分别为50∶50、40∶60时的IVDMD最高,与仅有王草做底物时差异显著(P0.05)。热研2号柱花草∶王草、热研20号柱花草∶王草为30∶70时MCP含量最高。NH3-N含量随着柱花草比例的递增出现先增高后降低的趋势,各品种柱花草与王草组合均以30∶70时最高。2)3个品种柱花草与王草的综合组合效应值均随着柱花草比例的增大而呈现单峰型增长趋势,其中热研2号柱花草∶王草和热研20号柱花草∶王草为30∶70时最高,热研21号柱花草∶王草为20∶80时最高。综合得出,在王草中添加适宜比例的柱花草能够提高体外发酵的产气量、IVDMD和MCP含量,提高瘤胃微生物活力,产生正组合效应;热研2号、20号柱花草与王草均以30∶70组合效果最佳,热研21号柱花草与王草以20∶80组合效果最佳。     

热带人工草地群落结构研究初探

研究4年生热带人工草地放牧与不放牧对群落结构的影响,结果表明:以热研2号柱花草和珊状臂形草为优势草种的人工草地,其中对照区(不放牧)干草产量8096kg/hm²,极显著高于天然草地116.04%,放牧区6324.5kg/hm²,显著高于天然草地68.77%;其产草量呈动态变化,以10月最高;植被群落呈垂直空间层状分布,产草量多集中在11～40cm草层;在放牧区热研2号柱花草的频度和产草量减少,珊状臂形草和有钩柱花草增加,草种分布均匀,结构合理,向进展方向演替。     

低温胁迫对3种柱花草幼苗抗性生理指标的影响

通过测定柱花草叶片质膜相对透性、可溶性糖含量和叶绿素含量等生理指标,研究3个柱花草品种即热研二号柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis cv ReyanⅡ)、热研五号柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis cv.ReyanⅤ)、西卡柱花草(Stylosanthes scabra Vog)在自然条件下和人控低温条件下这些生理指标连续7d的变化规律,比较这3个柱花草品种抗寒能力的差异。结果表明,在5℃时胁迫第7d,热研5号柱花草叶绿素a含量从2.31下降至1.17,下降率为49.78%,下降幅度最小;质膜透性从0.237上升至0.590,变幅为148.94%,上升幅度最小;可溶性糖含量从12.127上升至28.980,变幅为205.71%,上升幅度最大,可溶性糖积累最多。3种牧草中,热研5号柱花草的抗寒性较强,热研2号柱花草次之,西卡柱花草对低温的适应性较差。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.