类具有急慢性阶段和垂直传染的非线性SACS传染病模型(英文)

研究一类具有非线性接触率和垂直传染且在急慢性阶段均传染的非线性SACS传染病传播数学模型动力学性质,确定了各类平衡点存在的条件阈值,讨论了各平衡点的稳定性,并将会在临界值处出现Hopf分支,揭示了急慢性阶段传染对疾病发展趋势的共同影响.     

细胞内免疫滞后的病毒感染模型的稳定性和Hopf分支分析

在假设细胞内免疫反应有时间延迟的情况下对一个病毒感染模型的动力学形态进行了分析.研究了非负平衡点的稳定性和Hopf分支的存在性,并利用规范型和中心流形理论得出了分支方向、周期解的稳定性及周期的公式.

Abstract：

The dynamics of a viral infection model is analyzed under the assumption that the intracellular immune response is retarded. Stability of nonnegative equilibria and existence of Hopf bifurcation are studied. Using normal form theory and center manifold argument, we calculate the explicit formulas to determine the direction, stability and period of the bifurcating periodic solutions.     

具有竞争的Leslie型捕食者-食饵模型的定性分析

考虑了具有竞争的Leslie型模型.证明了解的最终有界性,和系统在一定条件下的一致持续生存性.研究了平衡点的局部稳定性.通过构建适当的Lyapunov函数,获得了正平衡点全局渐进稳定的充分条件.

Abstract：

In this paper, a competitive Leslie model is proposed. It is proved that the system's solution is ultimately bounded and the system is consistent and sustained under appropriate conditions. The local stability of the equilibria is investigated. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov functional, sufficient conditions are derived for the global stability of the positive equilibrium of the model.     

Correlation Analysis of Rice Seed Setting Rate and Weight of 1 000-Grain and Agro-Meteorology over the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, China

The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of historic climate change on rice yield over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, and to better adapt to climate change in the future. This study presents the relation of temperature and precipitation and rice components from 1981 to 2003 at 48 early rice stations and 30 middle rice stations. It focuses on an analysis of three stages： flowering, pre-milk, and late milk. The results show that mean maximum temperature and mean daily precipitation at the stages of flowering and pre-milk are most related to early rice yield. Yield change of middle rice is mainly because of mean precipitation change at the flowering stage. Furthermore, percentage of undeveloped grain increases as mean maximum temperature rises at the flowering stage. Over-precipitation in the reproductive stage is a major reason for reduction in yield of early rice. Consecutive rainfall and continuous high temperature can have negative effects on middle rice yield. Global warming would affect middle rice more seriously than early rice.     

水生生态系统中有竞争和捕食效应的一类简单食物网模型的稳定性分析

提出了水生生态系统中有竞争和捕食的一类简单食物网模型.首先讨论了平衡点的存在条件,利用Hurwitz判据分析了局部渐近稳定性;通过构造Lyapunov函数得到了系统全局渐近稳定的条件,并具体解释了其生物含义.从以上讨论中得到了控制3类物种存活、灭绝或共存的4个阈值.生物分析表明,水草和鱼在控制富营养化问题中起着极其重要的作用.

Abstract：

In this paper, a simple food web model with competition and predation in aquatic ecosystems is proposed.The existence conditions of equilibria are discussed and the local asymptotic stability is analyzed.By means of Lya-punov functions, the global asymptotic stability of the model is obtained.Four thresholds, which indicate the coex-istence, survival or extinction of 3 species, are obtained from the above discussions.Bio-analysis shows that aquatic weeds and fish play an important role in the control of eutrophication.     

一类具有非线性发生率的SIS传染病模型的定性分析

应用微分方程定性理论,研究了一类具有非线性发生率的SIS传染病模型.给出了该系统极限环的存在性、唯一性以及无病平衡点和地方病平衡点的全局渐近稳定性的充分条件.

Abstract：

An epidemiological model with nonlinear incidence is studied. By using the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations, sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence and uniqueness of the limit cycles and the global asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium to the system.     

Pesticide food safety standards as companions to tolerances and maximum residue limits

Allowable levels for pesticide residues in foods,known as tolerances in the US and as maximum residue limits(MRLs) in much of the world,are widely yet inappropriately perceived as levels of safety concern. A novel approach to develop scientifically defensible levels of safety concern is presented and an example to determine acute and chronic pesticide food safety standard(PFSS) levels for the fungicide captan on strawberries is provided. Using this approach,the chronic PFSS level for captan on strawberries was determined to be 2 000 mg kg–1 and the acute PFSS level was determined to be 250 mg kg–1. Both levels are far above the existing tolerance and MRLs that commonly range from 3 to 20 mg kg–1,and provide evidence that captan residues detected at levels greater than the tolerance or MRLs are not of acute or chronic health concern even though they represent violative residues. The benefits of developing the PFSS approach to serve as a companion to existing tolerances/MRLs include a greater understanding concerning the health significance,if any,from exposure to violative pesticide residues. In addition,the PFSS approach can be universally applied to all potential pesticide residues on all food commodities,can be modified by specific jurisdictions to take into account differences in food consumption practices,and can help prioritize food residue monitoring by identifying the pesticide/commodity combinations of the greatest potential food safety concern and guiding development of field level analytical methods to detect pesticide residues on prioritized pesticide/commodity combinations.     

A sublethal concentration of afidopyropen suppresses the population growth of the cotton aphid,Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover(Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an important insect pest of cotton crops worldwide. The objectives of this study were to determine the acute toxicity of afidopyropen and whether there are any effects of sublethal concentrations of afidopyropen on the biological characteristics of A. gossypii. The results showed that afidopyropen possesses high acute toxicity to adult A. gossypii with a 72 h LC₅₀ value of 1.062 mg L^–1. A sublethal concentrat...     

Effects of lead stress on Vg expression in the beet armyworm over five successive generations

Heavy metals have been found to be endocrine disruptors in invertebrates.Lead is one of the most widespread elements of contamination,but there has been no research about the effects of lead stress on vitellogenin(Vg) gene expression in insects exposed to lead over multiple generations.In this paper,the effects of different concentrations of lead(0,0.3,4.8 and 76.8 mg kg~(–1)) on the expression of Vg in the beet armyworm over five successive generations were studied.The results showed that lead stress had significant effects on Vg expression in a dose-dependent manner.For females at the larval and adult stages,as lead concentration increased,Vg expression was significantly inhibited; for males at these two developmental stages,Vg expression was induced and increased as lead concentration increased.In addition,with the increase over stressed generations,inhibited effects for females and induced effects for males at the larval and adult stages became increasingly more obvious.However,at the pupal stage,Vg expression in the two genders was different from that at the larval and adult stages.The results indicate that lead stress can upregulate Vg expression in males which should be a useful indicator for environmental risk assessment.     

Unconditional and Conditional QTL Mapping for Tiller Numbers at Various Stages with Single Segment Substitution Lines in Rice （Oryza sativa L.）

Tiller is one of the most important agronomic traits which influences quantity and quality of effective panicles and finally influences yield in rice. It is important to understand ＂static＂ and ＂dynamic＂ information of the QTLs for tillers in rice. This work was the first time to simultaneously map unconditional and conditional QTLs for tiller numbers at various stages by using single segment substitution lines in rice. Fourteen QTLs for tiller number, distributing on the corresponding substitution segments of chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 were detected. Both the number and the effect of the QTLs for tiller number were various at different stages, from 6 to 9 in the number and from 1.49 to 3.49 in the effect, respectively. Tiller number QTLs expressed in a time order, mainly detected at three stages of 0-7 d, 14-21 d and 35-42 d after transplanting with 6 positive, 9 random and 6 negative expressing QTLs, respectively. Each of the QTLs expressed one time at least during the whole duration of rice. The tiller number at a specific stage was determined by sum of QTL effects estimated by the unconditional method, while the increasing or decreasing number in a given time interval was controlled by the total of QTL effects estimated by the conditional method. These results demonstrated that it is highly effective and accurate for mapping of the QTLs by using single segment substitution lines and the conditional analysis methodology.     

加拿大的农业科技及其组织管理

本文详细介绍了加拿大农业科技体制改革及其组织,其总的研究发展方向由加拿大政府掌握.把科技政策、研究发展方向和国家需要结合起来通盘考虑,自上而下提出科研项目.     

保护地蔬菜病虫害发生特点及其综合防治

根据保护地蔬菜病虫害发生特点,掌握综合防治方法,把病虫为害损失控制在经济允许水平之下,达到优质、高产、低成本和农产品无污染的目的。     

论现代农业,农业科技发展与高校教学和科研组织

本在论述世界家业发展的三个阶段和现代农业科学技术特点及其对农业人才素质要求的基础上,提出了高等农业教育应当处理好专与博关系、两络与教师关系、外在知识系统性与内在思维创造性关系,指出了在学校管理中,应当逐步克服传统弊端,哿横向管理力度。     

网络文化与高校思想政治工作研究

近年来,在社会经济的不断推动之下,互联网技术得到了飞速发展,随之而来的则是网络文化的兴起,这对于高校思想政治工作带来了较大的冲击,但同时也是一种新的挑战;因而各高校要对网络文化树立正确的认知,将其与高校思想政治工作相互结合,因势利导,才能推动高校思想政治工作的不断深入。本文针对当前网络文化与高校的思想政治工作展开进一步的研究与分析。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎病原分离鉴定及防治试验

从发病猪的肺脏分离到1株细菌,经形态学检查、生化实验、卫星生长现象、溶血试验、动物实验证明该分离菌为胸膜肺炎放线杆菌,用该分离菌研制出自家灭活苗,预防效果良好,用康复猪制备自家血清同时配合敏感抗菌素使用,治疗效果良好.     

雪松的栽植及后期管护

雪松是常绿的观赏树种,栽植时要选择恰当的栽植季节、苗木和采取正确的挖掘方法,后期管护浇水、施肥,加强高温季节以及越冬的管护。     

池州市农业科技创新与转化存在问题及对策

本文对当地农业科技创新与转化情况及存在问题进行了分析,并结合实际提出了相应对策.     

Effects of fish and plankton and lake temperature and mixing depth

A comparative study of small temperate lakes (<20 square kilometers) indicates that the mixing depth or epilimnion is directly related to light penetration measured as Secchi depth. Clearer lakes have deeper mixing depths. This relation is the result of greater penetration of incident solar radiation in lakes and enclosures with high water clarity. Data show that light penetration is largely a function of size distribution and biomass of algae as indicated by a relation between the index of plankton size distribution (slope) and Secchi depth. Larger or steeper slopes (indicative of communities dominated by small plankton) are associated with shallower Secchi depth. In lakes with high abundances of planktivorous fish, water clarity or light penetration is reduced because large zooplankton, which feed on small algae, are reduced by fish predation. The net effect is a shallower mixing depth, lower metalimnetic temperature and lower heat content in the water column. Consequently, the biomass and size distribution of plankton can change the thermal structure and heat content of small lakes by modifying light penetration.