上行学业比较影响初中生词汇再认成绩的实验研究

通过研究主动、被动上行学业比较以及控制条件下初中生在词汇再认任务上的成绩变化,考察学业成绩比较方式对后继学习任务的影响.结果发现:与控制条件相比,上行学业成绩比较能够促进学生后继词汇再认任务的成绩,其中主动组与控制组差异显著(p=0.015),被动组成绩处于控制组和主动组之间,但均未达到显著水平.认为上行学业成绩比较能够促进初中生后继词汇任务成绩,主动和被动方式之中,以主动比较为佳.

Abstract：

To investigate the impact of upward academic performance comparison methods on the subse-quent task performance,scores of the recognized words were counted in the active,and passive upward academic performance and controlled groups.The results showed that compared with the controlled method,upward school performance comparison could promote the performance of subsequent word-recognition task.The scores were significantly different(p 0.015)between the active and the controlled groups.Subjects' scores in the passive group were higher than those of the controlled group and lower than the active group,the difference being non-significant statistically.It is thus concluded that upward academic performance comparison could promote the performance of the subsequent word-recognition task,and the upward active academic performance comparison was better than the passive one.     

Effects of Methylated Soybean Oil Adjuvant on Fomesafen Efficacy to Weeds

Tank-mix adjuvant has the potential to improve the weed control efficacy of post-emergence herbicides. In order to study the synergistic effect of adjuvant, the effects of different rates of fomesafen alone or applied methylated soybean oil adjuvant（MSO） were sprayed on redroot pigweed, abutilon and black nightshade under greenhouse condition. The results showed that fomesafen had different performance on the three weeds, and MSO adjuvant could effectively increase the control. The nightshade control was lower than other two weeds with all the fomesafen doses from 131.25 to 506.25 ga.i. · hm-2 with or without adjuvant. The control of abutilon was between the black nightshade and the redroot pigweed, and had better control at 375 ga.i. · hm-2 with adjuvant or 506.25 ga.i. · hm-2 alone or with adjuvant respectively. The results indicated that mixing adjuvant with fomesafen improved the control on weeds, especially at the low rate. Black nightshade was more difficult to control. The redroot pigweed had the most susceptibility to fomesafen alone or with adjuvant.     

Oral Insulin Stimulates Intestinal Department and Enzyme Maturation in Newborn Pigs

The effects of oral insulin on intestinal tissue growth and brush border enzyme activities in newborn pigs were examined in this study. Newborn unsuckled pigs were bottle-fed for 3 days with artificial milk (M), milk supplemented with 60 mIUmL^-1 of insulin (IM) or hydrolyzed milk (HM). Compared with newborn unsuckled pigs, piglets bottle-fed for 3 days all gained in intestinal weight and length significantly despite a mild loss in body weight during the experimental period. The activities of lactase and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the small intestinal mucosa declined markedly in pigs fed with M, but the activity of maltase increased significantly during the experimental period. Dietary protein pre-hydrolysis had no significant effect on intestinal tissue mass or length,but it moderated the decline of intestinal lactase and AKP activities. Dietary supplementation of insulin significantly increased mucosal protein content and brush border activities of lactase, maltase, AKP and aminopeptidase (AP) in the small intestine.The effect of insulin treatment was particularly obvious at the distal region of the small intestine. These results demonstrate that oral insulin can stimulate intestinal digestive enzyme activities in newborn pigs. The finding supports the hypothesis that milk-borne insulin plays a role in regulating postnatal gut development in the suckling young.     

Effects of reclaimed water irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the chemical properties and microbial community of soil

The ecological effect of reclaimed water irrigation and fertilizer application on the soil environment is receiving more attention.Soil microbial activity and nitrogen(N)levels are important indicators of the effect of reclaimed water irrigation on environment.This study evaluated soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure in soils irrigated with reclaimed water and receiving varied amounts of N fertilizer.The results indicated that the reclaimed water irrigation increased soil electrical conductivity(EC)and soil water content(SWC).The N treatment has highly significant effect on the ACE,Chao,Shannon(H)and Coverage indices.Based on a 16S ribosomal RNA(16S rRNA)sequence analysis,the Proteobacteria,Gemmatimonadetes and Bacteroidetes were more abundant in soil irrigated with reclaimed water than in soil irrigated with clean water.Stronger clustering of microbial communities using either clean or reclaimed water for irrigation indicated that the type of irrigation water may have a greater influence on the structure of soil microbial community than N fertilizer treatment.Based on a canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)between the species of soil microbes and the chemical properties of the soil,which indicated that nitrate N(NO_3~–-N)and total phosphorus(TP)had significant impact on abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Gemmatimonadetes,meanwhile the p H and organic matter(OM)had impact on abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria significantly.It was beneficial to the improvement of soil bacterial activity and fertility under 120 mg kg~(–1) N with reclaimed water irrigation.     

甘草多糖对小鼠生长性能及细胞免疫能力的影响(英文)

Aniso-dose glycyrrhiza polysaccharide was injected into abdominal cavity of mice. The effect of glycyrrhiza polysaccharide on growth performance and immune fuction of mice was determined. The results showed that the growth performance and immune function of mice were improved and there were significant differences among the treatment groups and control group.     

目标探测范式中颜色类别知觉效应的产生机制探讨

通过改进目标探测范式,在目标探测任务过程中融入发声干扰任务,以考察颜色类别知觉效应是否是一种知觉现象.实验结果获得了显著的颜色类别知觉效应,且发声反应时不受字义与颜色名称一致性的影响.结果表明:在当前的实验任务中所获取的颜色类别知觉效应与语言标签无关,是一种纯知觉现象,从而为知觉特性理论提供了证据支持.

Abstract：

To examine whether the effect of color categorical perception is a perceptual phenomenon, the present research adopted a modified target-detection paradigm, in which a verbal interference task was combined with a target-detection task. The experiment data showed that a significant effect of color categorical perception was presented and that the response time for pronunciation was not affected by the semantic congruency between the word's identity and color property. These results suggested that effect of color categorical perception is independent of color naming. Thus, it is presumed that effect of color categorical perception is a pure perceptual phenomenon, which provides evidence to support the perceptual feature theory.     

内蒙古白绒山羊母羊产羔效应的遗传分析(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the genetic law of litter size of Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat.[Method] A total of 22 721 litter records from 3 044 mothers were statistically analyzed.[Result] As shown by the least square variance analysis,the sex,parity and birth type had significant effect on lamb birth weight.As indicated by restricted maximum likelihood method,the parity,population and maternal effect influenced litter size significantly.The birth weight heritability of single lamb,twins and total was 0.16,0.40 and 0.17,respectively.[Conclusion] The study provided a certain basis for the establishment of Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat line with superior reproductive performance.     

Crop Yield and Soil Properties in the First 3 Years After Biochar Application to a Calcareous Soil

It remains unclear whether biochar applications to calcareous soils can improve soil fertility and crop yield. A long-term field experiment was established in 2009 so as to determine the effect of biochar on crop yield and soil properties in a calcareous soil. Five treatments were： 1） straw incorporation; 2） straw incorporation with inorganic fertilizer; 3）, 4） and 5） straw incorporation with inorganic fertilizer, and biochar at 30, 60, and 90 t ha-l, respectively. The annual yield of either winter wheat or summer maize was not increased significantly following biochar application, whereas the cumulative yield over the first 4 growing seasons was significantly increased. Soil pH, measured in situ, was increased by a maximum of 0.35 units after 2 yr following biochar application. After 3 yr, soil bulk density significantly decreased while soil water holding capacity increased with adding biochar of 90 t ha^-1. Alkaline hydrolysable N decreased but exchangeable K increased due to biochar addition. Olsen-P did not change compared to the treatment without biochar. The results suggested that biochar could be used in calcareous soils without yield loss or significant impacts on nutrient availability.     

Study on the Possible Cause of Water Blooming and the Bloom-PreventionTechnology in Lake Qiandaohu

A hypothesis was formulated to explain the possible cause of water bloom occurring in Lake Qiandaohu in 1998 and 1999. We tested this hypothesis with a 3-year in situ field study. The results showed that the reconstruction of the silver carp and bighead carp populations, without other measures of nutrient control, could prevent the recurrence of algal bloom in the lake successfully. This result could serve as an evidence to the suggested hypothesis for water blooming: The drastic decline of the filter feeding silver carp and bighead carp in the lake, rather than the nutrients overloading, was mainly responsible for the algal bloom. According to this study, we suggest a general hypothesis to the ecological mechanism of algal blooming: The insufficient grazing from the phytoplanktivores (top-down control) to the algal reproduction from nutrients available (bottom-up effect) is the radical cause of water blooming, while conventionally,it is primarily attributed to the enrichment of nutrients. Besides, this study showed that stocking silver carp and bighead carp in lakes could improve water quality, which is also contrary to the conventional opinion. Finally, this study provided a costeffective and practicable approach to control water bloom for the large-sized reservoirs,especially when water blooming occurred locally. A net-enclosed aquaculture zone (NEAZ) can be established in the nutrients-exposure area of the waters and stocked with the two carps, water bloom could be controlled and prevented.     

Combining Ability and Parent-Offspring Correlation of Maize（Zea may L.） Grain β-Carotene Content with a Complete Diallel

Vitamin A deficiency has become a worldwide problem.Biofortified foods can potentially be an inexpensive,locally adaptable,and long-term solution to dietary-nutrient deficiency.In order to improve the β-carotene content in maize grain by breeding and minimize vitamin A deficiency,a complete diallel cross was designed with eight inbred lines of maize,and 64 combinations were obtained in this study.The experimental combinations were planted in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces,respectively,with a random complete block design.The β-carotene contents in the grains of the experimental materials were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.Among the tested materials,the effect difference of general combining ability of the β-carotene content was significant;however,the effect difference of the special combining ability and the reciprocal effect were not significant.The β-carotene content of maize grain was not influenced significantly by the cross and the reciprocal cross.There was a significant correlation about the β-carotene content in the maize grains between the F 1 and their parents.The combinations with high β-carotene content were obviously influenced by the environment,and the mean value of β-carotene content for the experimental materials planted in Ya’an of Sichuan was higher than that planted in Yuanjiang of Yunnan,with the results being significant at the 0.01 level.